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-rw-r--r--nixos/doc/manual/Makefile2
-rw-r--r--nixos/doc/manual/administration/container-networking.xml3
-rw-r--r--nixos/doc/manual/administration/imperative-containers.xml18
-rw-r--r--nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing-usb.xml48
-rw-r--r--nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing.xml707
-rw-r--r--nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1809.xml341
-rw-r--r--nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1903.xml17
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/krb5/default.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/system-path.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/xdg/mime.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/hardware/opengl.nix22
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/hardware/steam-hardware.nix25
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/hardware/video/nvidia.nix120
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-generate-config.pl3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/misc/version.nix5
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/module-list.nix5
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/bash/bash.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/fish.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/light.nix5
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/pam.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/polkit.nix10
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix67
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix77
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/desktops/profile-sync-daemon.nix136
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/hardware/triggerhappy.nix114
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/logging/journaldriver.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/mail/rmilter.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/emby.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-daemon.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-optimise.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix168
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/alertmanager.nix23
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix22
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/snmp.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/tor.nix40
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/varnish.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/bitlbee.nix41
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/charybdis.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/miniupnpd.nix24
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/murmur.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/pptpd.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/xl2tpd.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/xrdp.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/security/clamav.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/system/saslauthd.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix474
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix17
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/location-options.nix10
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome3.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix15
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix11
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/gdm.nix17
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm-greeters/enso-os.nix159
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm.nix17
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/startx.nix44
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/gdk-pixbuf.nix45
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/xserver.nix10
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/activation/activation-script.nix62
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/activation/switch-to-configuration.pl3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-network.nix27
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix68
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-lib.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-unit-options.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix14
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces-scripted.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/container-config.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/hyperv-guest.nix35
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-guest-agent.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/xe-guest-utilities.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/release.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/bittorrent.nix101
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/buildbot.nix216
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/codimd.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/containers-imperative.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/misc.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/nextcloud/basic.nix56
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/nextcloud/default.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-mysql-and-memcached.nix97
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-postgresql-and-redis.nix130
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/prometheus-exporters.nix297
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/redmine.nix40
-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/upnp.nix94
94 files changed, 3397 insertions, 854 deletions
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/Makefile b/nixos/doc/manual/Makefile
index 2e9adf70c396..b251a1f5e2c3 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/Makefile
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ all: manual-combined.xml format
 .PHONY: debug
 debug: generated manual-combined.xml
 
-manual-combined.xml: generated *.xml
+manual-combined.xml: generated *.xml **/*.xml
 	rm -f ./manual-combined.xml
 	nix-shell --packages xmloscopy \
 		--run "xmloscopy --docbook5 ./manual.xml ./manual-combined.xml"
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/administration/container-networking.xml b/nixos/doc/manual/administration/container-networking.xml
index 4b977d1d82eb..8aca329c8f1f 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/administration/container-networking.xml
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/administration/container-networking.xml
@@ -52,4 +52,7 @@ $ ping -c1 10.233.4.2
 networking.networkmanager.unmanaged = [ "interface-name:ve-*" ];
 </programlisting>
  </para>
+ <para>
+  You may need to restart your system for the changes to take effect.
+ </para>
 </section>
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/administration/imperative-containers.xml b/nixos/doc/manual/administration/imperative-containers.xml
index fa380477f6cb..9bb62bc2ece9 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/administration/imperative-containers.xml
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/administration/imperative-containers.xml
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ Linux foo 3.4.82 #1-NixOS SMP Thu Mar 20 14:44:05 UTC 2014 x86_64 GNU/Linux
  </para>
 
  <para>
-  To change the configuration of the container, you can edit
+  There are several ways to change the configuration of the container. First,
+  on the host, you can edit
   <literal>/var/lib/container/<replaceable>name</replaceable>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>,
   and run
 <screen>
@@ -86,7 +87,8 @@ Linux foo 3.4.82 #1-NixOS SMP Thu Mar 20 14:44:05 UTC 2014 x86_64 GNU/Linux
   <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.enable"/> = true;
   <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.adminAddr"/> = "foo@example.org";
   <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts"/> = [ 80 ];
-  '
+'
+
 # curl http://$(nixos-container show-ip foo)/
 &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">…
 </screen>
@@ -95,13 +97,11 @@ Linux foo 3.4.82 #1-NixOS SMP Thu Mar 20 14:44:05 UTC 2014 x86_64 GNU/Linux
  </para>
 
  <para>
-  Note that in previous versions of NixOS (17.09 and earlier) one could also
-  use all nix-related commands (like <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>)
-  from inside the container. However, since the release of Nix 2.0 this is not
-  supported anymore. Supporting Nix commands inside the container might be
-  possible again in future versions. See
-  <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/40355">the github
-  issue</link> for tracking progress on this issue.
+  Alternatively, you can change the configuration from within the container
+  itself by running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> inside the
+  container. Note that the container by default does not have a copy of the
+  NixOS channel, so you should run <command>nix-channel --update</command>
+  first.
  </para>
 
  <para>
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing-usb.xml b/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing-usb.xml
index c5934111749c..0b311189430c 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing-usb.xml
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing-usb.xml
@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@
   For systems without CD drive, the NixOS live CD can be booted from a USB
   stick. You can use the <command>dd</command> utility to write the image:
   <command>dd if=<replaceable>path-to-image</replaceable>
-  of=<replaceable>/dev/sdb</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying
+  of=<replaceable>/dev/sdX</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying
   the correct drive; you can use the <command>lsblk</command> command to get a
   list of block devices.
- </para>
-
- <para>
-  On macOS:
+  <note>
+   <title>On macOS</title>
+   <para>
 <programlisting>
 $ diskutil list
 [..]
@@ -26,43 +25,16 @@ $ diskutil unmountDisk diskN
 Unmount of all volumes on diskN was successful
 $ sudo dd bs=1m if=nix.iso of=/dev/rdiskN
 </programlisting>
-  Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of
-  <command>diskN</command> completes in minutes instead of hours. After
-  <command>dd</command> completes, a GUI dialog "The disk you inserted was not
-  readable by this computer" will pop up, which can be ignored.
+    Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of
+    <command>diskN</command> completes in minutes instead of hours. After
+    <command>dd</command> completes, a GUI dialog "The disk you inserted was
+    not readable by this computer" will pop up, which can be ignored.
+   </para>
+  </note>
  </para>
 
  <para>
   The <command>dd</command> utility will write the image verbatim to the drive,
   making it the recommended option for both UEFI and non-UEFI installations.
-  For non-UEFI installations, you can alternatively use
-  <link xlink:href="http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/">unetbootin</link>. If
-  you cannot use <command>dd</command> for a UEFI installation, you can also
-  mount the ISO, copy its contents verbatim to your drive, then either:
-  <itemizedlist>
-   <listitem>
-    <para>
-     Change the label of the disk partition to the label of the ISO (visible
-     with the blkid command), or
-    </para>
-   </listitem>
-   <listitem>
-    <para>
-     Edit <filename>loader/entries/nixos-livecd.conf</filename> on the drive
-     and change the <literal>root=</literal> field in the
-     <literal>options</literal> line to point to your drive (see the
-     documentation on <literal>root=</literal> in
-     <link xlink:href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt">
-     the kernel documentation</link> for more details).
-    </para>
-   </listitem>
-   <listitem>
-    <para>
-     If you want to load the contents of the ISO to ram after bootin (So you
-     can remove the stick after bootup) you can append the parameter
-     <literal>copytoram</literal> to the <literal>options</literal> field.
-    </para>
-   </listitem>
-  </itemizedlist>
  </para>
 </section>
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing.xml b/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing.xml
index 1366e8f93596..8e94f946c5ee 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing.xml
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing.xml
@@ -4,60 +4,46 @@
             version="5.0"
             xml:id="sec-installation">
  <title>Installing NixOS</title>
- <para>
-  NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
-  installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The differences
-  are mentioned in the steps that follow.
- </para>
- <orderedlist>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    Boot from the CD.
-   </para>
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      UEFI systems
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       You should boot the live CD in UEFI mode (consult your specific
-       hardware's documentation for instructions). You may find the
-       <link xlink:href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind">rEFInd boot
-       manager</link> useful.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-   </variablelist>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    The CD contains a basic NixOS installation. (It also contains Memtest86+,
-    useful if you want to test new hardware). When it’s finished booting, it
-    should have detected most of your hardware.
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 (press Alt+F8 to access)
-    or by running <command>nixos-help</command>.
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    You get logged in as <literal>root</literal> (with empty password).
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run <command>systemctl
-    start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you want to continue on
-    the terminal, you can use <command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your
-    preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de
-    neo</command>!)
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
+ <section xml:id="sec-installation-booting">
+  <title>Booting the system</title>
+
+  <para>
+   NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
+   installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The
+   differences are mentioned in the steps that follow.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The installation media can be burned to a CD, or now more commonly, "burned"
+   to a USB drive (see <xref linkend="sec-booting-from-usb"/>).
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The installation media contains a basic NixOS installation. When it’s
+   finished booting, it should have detected most of your hardware.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 (press Alt+F8 to access)
+   or by running <command>nixos-help</command>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   You are logged-in automatically as <literal>root</literal>. (The
+   <literal>root</literal> user account has an empty password.)
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run <command>systemctl
+   start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you want to continue on the
+   terminal, you can use <command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your
+   preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de
+   neo</command>!)
+  </para>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-installation-booting-networking">
+   <title>Networking in the installer</title>
+
    <para>
     The boot process should have brought up networking (check <command>ip
     a</command>). Networking is necessary for the installer, since it will
@@ -65,60 +51,167 @@
     binaries). It’s best if you have a DHCP server on your network. Otherwise
     configure networking manually using <command>ifconfig</command>.
    </para>
+
    <para>
     To manually configure the network on the graphical installer, first disable
     network-manager with <command>systemctl stop network-manager</command>.
    </para>
+
    <para>
     To manually configure the wifi on the minimal installer, run
     <command>wpa_supplicant -B -i interface -c &lt;(wpa_passphrase 'SSID'
     'key')</command>.
    </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
+
    <para>
     If you would like to continue the installation from a different machine you
     need to activate the SSH daemon via <literal>systemctl start
     sshd</literal>. In order to be able to login you also need to set a
     password for <literal>root</literal> using <literal>passwd</literal>.
    </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning">
+  <title>Partitioning and formatting</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or formatting, so you need
+   to do that yourself.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The NixOS installer ships with multiple partitioning tools. The examples
+   below use <command>parted</command>, but also provides
+   <command>fdisk</command>, <command>gdisk</command>,
+   <command>cfdisk</command>, and <command>cgdisk</command>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The recommended partition scheme differs depending if the computer uses
+   <emphasis>Legacy Boot</emphasis> or <emphasis>UEFI</emphasis>.
+  </para>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-UEFI">
+   <title>UEFI (GPT)</title>
+
    <para>
-    The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or formatting yet, so you
-    need to do that yourself. Use the following commands:
-    <itemizedlist>
+    Here's an example partition scheme for UEFI, using
+    <filename>/dev/sda</filename> as the device.
+    <note>
+     <para>
+      You can safely ignore <command>parted</command>'s informational message
+      about needing to update /etc/fstab.
+     </para>
+    </note>
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       For partitioning: <command>fdisk</command>.
-<screen>
-# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
--- for UEFI systems only
-> n      # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
-> 3      # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
-> +512M  # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
-> t      # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
-> 3      # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
-> 1      # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
--- for BIOS or UEFI systems
-> n      # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
-> 2      # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
-> +8G    # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition, set to whatever you like)</lineannotation>
-> n      # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
-> 1      # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
-> a      # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
-> x      # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
-> f      # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
-> r      # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
-> w      # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation></screen>
+       Create a <emphasis>GPT</emphasis> partition table.
+<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt</screen>
       </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
       <para>
+       Add the <emphasis>root</emphasis> partition. This will fill the disk
+       except for the end part, where the swap will live, and the space left in
+       front (512MiB) which will be used by the boot partition.
+<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 512MiB -8GiB</screen>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Next, add a <emphasis>swap</emphasis> partition. The size required will
+       vary according to needs, here a 8GiB one is created.
+<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%</screen>
+       <note>
+        <para>
+         The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
+         distributions.
+        </para>
+       </note>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Finally, the <emphasis>boot</emphasis> partition. NixOS by default uses
+       the ESP (EFI system partition) as its <emphasis>/boot</emphasis>
+       partition. It uses the initially reserved 512MiB at the start of the
+       disk.
+<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 512MiB
+# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 boot on</screen>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </orderedlist>
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Once complete, you can follow with
+    <xref linkend="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting"/>.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-MBR">
+   <title>Legacy Boot (MBR)</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Here's an example partition scheme for Legacy Boot, using
+    <filename>/dev/sda</filename> as the device.
+    <note>
+     <para>
+      You can safely ignore <command>parted</command>'s informational message
+      about needing to update /etc/fstab.
+     </para>
+    </note>
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    <orderedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Create a <emphasis>MBR</emphasis> partition table.
+<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos</screen>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Add the <emphasis>root</emphasis> partition. This will fill the the disk
+       except for the end part, where the swap will live.
+<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 1MiB -8GiB</screen>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Finally, add a <emphasis>swap</emphasis> partition. The size required
+       will vary according to needs, here a 8GiB one is created.
+<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%</screen>
+       <note>
+        <para>
+         The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
+         distributions.
+        </para>
+       </note>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </orderedlist>
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Once complete, you can follow with
+    <xref linkend="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting"/>.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting">
+   <title>Formatting</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Use the following commands:
+    <itemizedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
        For initialising Ext4 partitions: <command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is
        recommended that you assign a unique symbolic label to the file system
        using the option <option>-L <replaceable>label</replaceable></option>,
@@ -169,242 +262,249 @@
      </listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
    </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
-    <filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
+  </section>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-installation-installing">
+  <title>Installing</title>
+
+  <orderedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
+     <filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
 <screen>
 # mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
 </screen>
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      UEFI systems
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <variablelist>
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term>
+       UEFI systems
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
 <screen>
 # mkdir -p /mnt/boot
 # mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
 </screen>
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-   </variablelist>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to activate
-    swap devices now (<command>swapon
-    <replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or rather, the
-    build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM, depending on
-    your configuration.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to activate
+     swap devices now (<command>swapon
+     <replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or rather,
+     the build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM,
+     depending on your configuration.
 <screen>
 # swapon /dev/sda2</screen>
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    You now need to create a file
-    <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that specifies the
-    intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
-    <emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration model: you create or edit a
-    description of the desired configuration of your system, and then NixOS
-    takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file
-    is described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a list of
-    available configuration options appears in
-    <xref
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     You now need to create a file
+     <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that specifies the
+     intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
+     <emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration model: you create or edit a
+     description of the desired configuration of your system, and then NixOS
+     takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file
+     is described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a list
+     of available configuration options appears in
+     <xref
     linkend="ch-options"/>. A minimal example is shown in
-    <xref
+     <xref
     linkend="ex-config"/>.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can generate an
-    initial configuration file for you:
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can generate an
+     initial configuration file for you:
 <screen>
 # nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
-    You should then edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>
-    to suit your needs:
+     You should then edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>
+     to suit your needs:
 <screen>
 # nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
 </screen>
-    If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be available
-    (such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network access, you can also
-    install other editors — for instance, you can install Emacs by running
-    <literal>nix-env -i emacs</literal>.
-   </para>
-   <variablelist>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      BIOS systems
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
-       <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk
-       the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-    <varlistentry>
-     <term>
-      UEFI systems
-     </term>
-     <listitem>
-      <para>
-       You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
-       <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to
-       <literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command> should
-       do this automatically for new configurations when booted in UEFI mode.
-      </para>
-      <para>
-       You may want to look at the options starting with
-       <option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option>
-       and
-       <option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option>
-       as well.
-      </para>
-     </listitem>
-    </varlistentry>
-   </variablelist>
-   <para>
-    If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
-    installing NixOS, the <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/>
-    option can be set to <literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to
-    the grub menu.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, specifying the
-    file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
-    don’t need to set it yourself, because
-    <command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
-    <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> from your
-    currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
-    <filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
-    <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by future
-    invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; thus, you
-    generally should not modify it.)
-   </para>
-   <note>
+     If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be available
+     (such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network access, you can also
+     install other editors — for instance, you can install Emacs by running
+     <literal>nix-env -i emacs</literal>.
+    </para>
+    <variablelist>
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term>
+       BIOS systems
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
+        <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk
+        the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term>
+       UEFI systems
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
+        <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to
+        <literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command>
+        should do this automatically for new configurations when booted in UEFI
+        mode.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        You may want to look at the options starting with
+        <option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option>
+        and
+        <option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option>
+        as well.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
     <para>
-     Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you may
-     need to set the option <option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to
-     include the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
-     system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
-     happens, boot from the CD again, mount the target file system on
-     <filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
-     <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
-     <filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
-     <command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the required
-     modules.
+     If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
+     installing NixOS, the <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/>
+     option can be set to <literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to
+     the grub menu.
     </para>
-   </note>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    Do the installation:
+    <para>
+     Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, specifying the
+     file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
+     don’t need to set it yourself, because
+     <command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
+     <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> from your
+     currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
+     <filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
+     <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by future
+     invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; thus, you
+     generally should not modify it.)
+    </para>
+    <note>
+     <para>
+      Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you may
+      need to set the option <option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to
+      include the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
+      system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
+      happens, boot from the installation media again, mount the target file
+      system on <filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
+      <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
+      <filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
+      <command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the required
+      modules.
+     </para>
+    </note>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Do the installation:
 <screen>
 # nixos-install</screen>
-    Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as a network
-    issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary cache), you can just
-    re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. Otherwise, fix your
-    <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and then re-run
-    <command>nixos-install</command>.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask you to set the
-    password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g.
+     Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as a network
+     issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary cache), you can
+     just re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. Otherwise, fix your
+     <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and then re-run
+     <command>nixos-install</command>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask you to set the
+     password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g.
 <screen>
 setting root password...
 Enter new UNIX password: ***
-Retype new UNIX password: ***
-    </screen>
-    <note>
-     <para>
-      For unattended installations, it is possible to use
-      <command>nixos-install --no-root-passwd</command> in order to disable the
-      password prompt entirely.
-     </para>
-    </note>
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    If everything went well:
+Retype new UNIX password: ***</screen>
+     <note>
+      <para>
+       For unattended installations, it is possible to use
+       <command>nixos-install --no-root-passwd</command> in order to disable
+       the password prompt entirely.
+      </para>
+     </note>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     If everything went well:
 <screen>
-        # reboot</screen>
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
-  <listitem>
-   <para>
-    You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB boot menu
-    shows a list of <emphasis>available configurations</emphasis> (initially
-    just one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see
-    <link
+# reboot</screen>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB boot
+     menu shows a list of <emphasis>available configurations</emphasis>
+     (initially just one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see
+     <link
         linkend="sec-changing-config">Changing Configuration</link>
-    ), a new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back to
-    a previous configuration if something goes wrong.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> password with
-    <command>passwd</command>.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can be
-    done with <command>useradd</command>:
+     ), a new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back to
+     a previous configuration if something goes wrong.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> password with
+     <command>passwd</command>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can be
+     done with <command>useradd</command>:
 <screen>
 $ useradd -c 'Eelco Dolstra' -m eelco
 $ passwd eelco</screen>
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    You may also want to install some software. For instance,
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     You may also want to install some software. For instance,
 <screen>
 $ nix-env -qa \*</screen>
-    shows what packages are available, and
+     shows what packages are available, and
 <screen>
 $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
-    install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.
-   </para>
-  </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>
-  To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical sequence
-  of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
-  <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
+     install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </orderedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-installation-summary">
+  <title>Installation summary</title>
+
+  <para>
+   To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical
+   sequence of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
+   <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
 /> shows a
-  corresponding configuration Nix expression.
- </para>
- <example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'>
-  <title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
-<screen>
-# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
--- for UEFI systems only
-> n      # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
-> 3      # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
-> +512M  # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
-> t      # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
-> 3      # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
-> 1      # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
--- for BIOS or UEFI systems
-> n      # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
-> 2      # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
-> +8G    # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition)</lineannotation>
-> n      # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
-> 1      # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
->        # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
-> a      # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
-> x      # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
-> f      # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
-> r      # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
-> w      # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation>
+   corresponding configuration Nix expression.
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id="ex-partition-scheme-MBR">
+   <title>Example partition schemes for NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename> (MBR)</title>
+<screen language="commands">
+# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos
+# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 1MiB -8GiB
+# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%</screen>
+  </example>
+
+  <example xml:id="ex-partition-scheme-UEFI">
+   <title>Example partition schemes for NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename> (UEFI)</title>
+<screen language="commands">
+# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
+# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 512MiB -8GiB
+# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -8GiB 100%
+# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 512MiB
+# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 boot on</screen>
+  </example>
+
+  <example xml:id="ex-install-sequence">
+   <title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
+   <para>
+    With a partitioned disk.
+<screen language="commands">
 # mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
 # mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
 # swapon /dev/sda2
@@ -416,9 +516,11 @@ $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
 # nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
 # nixos-install
 # reboot</screen>
- </example>
- <example xml:id='ex-config'>
-  <title>NixOS Configuration</title>
+   </para>
+  </example>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-config'>
+   <title>NixOS Configuration</title>
 <screen>
 { config, pkgs, ... }: {
   imports = [
@@ -438,10 +540,19 @@ $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
   services.sshd.enable = true;
 }
   </screen>
- </example>
- <xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
- <xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
- <xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
- <xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
- <xi:include href="installing-behind-a-proxy.xml" />
+  </example>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-installation-additional-notes">
+  <title>Additional installation notes</title>
+
+  <xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
+
+  <xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
+
+  <xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
+
+  <xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
+
+  <xi:include href="installing-behind-a-proxy.xml" />
+ </section>
 </chapter>
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1809.xml b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1809.xml
index f0797b51340d..c5521735428b 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1809.xml
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1809.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
          xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
          version="5.0"
          xml:id="sec-release-18.09">
- <title>Release 18.09 (“Jellyfish”, 2018/09/??)</title>
+ <title>Release 18.09 (“Jellyfish”, 2018/10/05)</title>
 
  <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
          xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
@@ -14,7 +14,45 @@
 
   <para>
    In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the
-   following highlights:
+   following notable updates:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     End of support is planned for end of April 2019, handing over to 19.03.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Platform support: x86_64-linux and x86_64-darwin as always. Support for
+     aarch64-linux is as with the previous releases, not equivalent to the
+     x86-64-linux release, but with efforts to reach parity.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Nix has been updated to 2.1; see its
+     <link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-relnotes-2.1">release
+     notes</link>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Core versions: linux: 4.14 LTS (unchanged), glibc: 2.26 → 2.27, gcc: 7
+     (unchanged), systemd: 237 → 239.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Desktop version changes: gnome: 3.26 → 3.28, (KDE) plasma-desktop: 5.12
+     → 5.13.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   Notable changes and additions for 18.09 include:
   </para>
 
   <itemizedlist>
@@ -70,7 +108,7 @@ $ nix-instantiate -E '(import &lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt; {}).gitFull'
   <title>New Services</title>
 
   <para>
-   The following new services were added since the last release:
+   A curated selection of new services that were added since the last release:
   </para>
 
   <itemizedlist>
@@ -125,6 +163,303 @@ $ nix-instantiate -E '(import &lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt; {}).gitFull'
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   Every new services:
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./config/xdg/autostart.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./config/xdg/icons.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./config/xdg/menus.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./config/xdg/mime.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./hardware/brightnessctl.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./hardware/onlykey.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./hardware/video/uvcvideo/default.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./misc/documentation.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./programs/firejail.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./programs/iftop.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./programs/sedutil.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./programs/singularity.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./programs/xss-lock.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./programs/zsh/zsh-autosuggestions.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/admin/oxidized.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/backup/duplicati.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/backup/restic.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/backup/restic-rest-server.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/cluster/hadoop/default.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/databases/aerospike.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/databases/monetdb.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/desktops/bamf.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/desktops/flatpak.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/desktops/zeitgeist.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/development/bloop.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/development/jupyter/default.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/hardware/lcd.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/hardware/undervolt.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/misc/clipmenu.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/misc/gitweb.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/misc/serviio.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/misc/safeeyes.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/misc/sysprof.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/misc/weechat.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/monitoring/datadog-agent.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/monitoring/incron.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/dnsdist.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/freeradius.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/hans.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/morty.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/ndppd.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/ocserv.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/owamp.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/quagga.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/shadowsocks.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/stubby.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/networking/zeronet.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/security/certmgr.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/security/cfssl.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/security/oauth2_proxy_nginx.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/web-apps/virtlyst.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/web-apps/youtrack.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/web-servers/hitch/default.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/web-servers/hydron.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/web-servers/meguca.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./services/web-servers/nginx/gitweb.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./virtualisation/kvmgt.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <literal>./virtualisation/qemu-guest-agent.nix</literal>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
  </section>
 
  <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1903.xml b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1903.xml
index 1f26d4765b97..c4847b60e274 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1903.xml
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1903.xml
@@ -105,6 +105,23 @@
      <varname>rabbitmq-server</varname>.
     </para>
    </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+     <para>
+       The <literal>light</literal> module no longer uses setuid binaries, but
+       udev rules. As a consequence users of that module have to belong to the
+       <literal>video</literal> group in order to use the executable
+       (i.e. <literal>users.users.yourusername.extraGroups = ["video"];</literal>).
+     </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Buildbot now supports Python 3 and its packages have been moved to
+     <literal>pythonPackages</literal>. The options
+     <option>services.buildbot-master.package</option> and
+     <option>services.buildbot-worker.package</option> can be used to select
+     the Python 2 or 3 version of the package.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>
  </section>
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/krb5/default.nix b/nixos/modules/config/krb5/default.nix
index c22e99a0a2f1..87021a27d34f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/krb5/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/krb5/default.nix
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ in {
 
   options = {
     krb5 = {
-      enable = mkEnableOption "Whether to enable Kerberos V.";
+      enable = mkEnableOption "building krb5.conf, configuration file for Kerberos V";
 
       kerberos = mkOption {
         type = types.package;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/system-path.nix b/nixos/modules/config/system-path.nix
index 3c24dab85e4d..c07e19bd03c4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/system-path.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/system-path.nix
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ in
           if [ -x $out/bin/glib-compile-schemas -a -w $out/share/glib-2.0/schemas ]; then
               $out/bin/glib-compile-schemas $out/share/glib-2.0/schemas
           fi
-          
+
           ${config.environment.extraSetup}
         '';
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/xdg/mime.nix b/nixos/modules/config/xdg/mime.nix
index 4323a49ea1dd..cd1064630fbc 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/xdg/mime.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/xdg/mime.nix
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ with lib;
 
     environment.extraSetup = ''
       if [ -w $out/share/mime ] && [ -d $out/share/mime/packages ]; then
-          XDG_DATA_DIRS=$out/share ${pkgs.shared-mime-info}/bin/update-mime-database -V $out/share/mime > /dev/null
+          XDG_DATA_DIRS=$out/share ${pkgs.buildPackages.shared-mime-info}/bin/update-mime-database -V $out/share/mime > /dev/null
       fi
 
       if [ -w $out/share/applications ]; then
-          ${pkgs.desktop-file-utils}/bin/update-desktop-database $out/share/applications
+          ${pkgs.buildPackages.desktop-file-utils}/bin/update-desktop-database $out/share/applications
       fi
     '';
   };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/hardware/opengl.nix b/nixos/modules/hardware/opengl.nix
index b371af353cf9..46d06d71333a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/hardware/opengl.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/hardware/opengl.nix
@@ -129,17 +129,17 @@ in
       message = "Option driSupport32Bit only makes sense on a 64-bit system.";
     };
 
-    system.activationScripts.setup-opengl =
-      ''
-        ln -sfn ${package} /run/opengl-driver
-        ${if pkgs.stdenv.isi686 then ''
-          ln -sfn opengl-driver /run/opengl-driver-32
-        '' else if cfg.driSupport32Bit then ''
-          ln -sfn ${package32} /run/opengl-driver-32
-        '' else ''
-          rm -f /run/opengl-driver-32
-        ''}
-      '';
+    systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
+      "L+ /run/opengl-driver - - - - ${package}"
+      (
+        if pkgs.stdenv.isi686 then
+          "L+ /run/opengl-driver-32 - - - - opengl-driver"
+        else if cfg.driSupport32Bit then
+          "L+ /run/opengl-driver-32 - - - - ${package32}"
+        else
+          "r /run/opengl-driver-32"
+      )
+    ];
 
     environment.sessionVariables.LD_LIBRARY_PATH =
       [ "/run/opengl-driver/lib" ] ++ optional cfg.driSupport32Bit "/run/opengl-driver-32/lib";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/hardware/steam-hardware.nix b/nixos/modules/hardware/steam-hardware.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..378aeffe71b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/hardware/steam-hardware.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+
+  cfg = config.hardware.steam-hardware;
+
+in
+
+{
+  options.hardware.steam-hardware = {
+    enable = mkOption {
+      type = types.bool;
+      default = false;
+      description = "Enable udev rules for Steam hardware such as the Steam Controller, other supported controllers and the HTC Vive";
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    services.udev.packages = [
+      pkgs.steamPackages.steam
+    ];
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/hardware/video/nvidia.nix b/nixos/modules/hardware/video/nvidia.nix
index eb1952280331..6944d1a4f76b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/hardware/video/nvidia.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/hardware/video/nvidia.nix
@@ -26,9 +26,73 @@ let
   nvidia_libs32 = (nvidiaForKernel pkgs_i686.linuxPackages).override { libsOnly = true; kernel = null; };
 
   enabled = nvidia_x11 != null;
+
+  cfg = config.hardware.nvidia;
+  optimusCfg = cfg.optimus_prime;
 in
 
 {
+  options = {
+    hardware.nvidia.modesetting.enable = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.bool;
+      default = false;
+      description = ''
+        Enable kernel modesetting when using the NVIDIA proprietary driver.
+
+        Enabling this fixes screen tearing when using Optimus via PRIME (see
+        <option>hardware.nvidia.optimus_prime.enable</option>. This is not enabled
+        by default because it is not officially supported by NVIDIA and would not
+        work with SLI.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    hardware.nvidia.optimus_prime.enable = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.bool;
+      default = false;
+      description = ''
+        Enable NVIDIA Optimus support using the NVIDIA proprietary driver via PRIME.
+        If enabled, the NVIDIA GPU will be always on and used for all rendering,
+        while enabling output to displays attached only to the integrated Intel GPU
+        without a multiplexer.
+
+        Note that this option only has any effect if the "nvidia" driver is specified
+        in <option>services.xserver.videoDrivers</option>, and it should preferably
+        be the only driver there.
+
+        If this is enabled, then the bus IDs of the NVIDIA and Intel GPUs have to be
+        specified (<option>hardware.nvidia.optimus_prime.nvidiaBusId</option> and
+        <option>hardware.nvidia.optimus_prime.intelBusId</option>).
+
+        If you enable this, you may want to also enable kernel modesetting for the
+        NVIDIA driver (<option>hardware.nvidia.modesetting.enable</option>) in order
+        to prevent tearing.
+
+        Note that this configuration will only be successful when a display manager
+        for which the <option>services.xserver.displayManager.setupCommands</option>
+        option is supported is used; notably, SLiM is not supported.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    hardware.nvidia.optimus_prime.nvidiaBusId = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.string;
+      default = "";
+      example = "PCI:1:0:0";
+      description = ''
+        Bus ID of the NVIDIA GPU. You can find it using lspci; for example if lspci
+        shows the NVIDIA GPU at "01:00.0", set this option to "PCI:1:0:0".
+      '';
+    };
+
+    hardware.nvidia.optimus_prime.intelBusId = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.string;
+      default = "";
+      example = "PCI:0:2:0";
+      description = ''
+        Bus ID of the Intel GPU. You can find it using lspci; for example if lspci
+        shows the Intel GPU at "00:02.0", set this option to "PCI:0:2:0".
+      '';
+    };
+  };
 
   config = mkIf enabled {
     assertions = [
@@ -36,16 +100,62 @@ in
         assertion = config.services.xserver.displayManager.gdm.wayland;
         message = "NVidia drivers don't support wayland";
       }
+      {
+        assertion = !optimusCfg.enable ||
+          (optimusCfg.nvidiaBusId != "" && optimusCfg.intelBusId != "");
+        message = ''
+          When NVIDIA Optimus via PRIME is enabled, the GPU bus IDs must configured.
+        '';
+      }
     ];
 
-    services.xserver.drivers = singleton
-      { name = "nvidia"; modules = [ nvidia_x11.bin ]; libPath = [ nvidia_x11 ]; };
+    # If Optimus/PRIME is enabled, we:
+    # - Specify the configured NVIDIA GPU bus ID in the Device section for the
+    #   "nvidia" driver.
+    # - Add the AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration option to the Screen section for the
+    #   "nvidia" driver, in order to allow the X server to start without any outputs.
+    # - Add a separate Device section for the Intel GPU, using the "modesetting"
+    #   driver and with the configured BusID.
+    # - Reference that Device section from the ServerLayout section as an inactive
+    #   device.
+    # - Configure the display manager to run specific `xrandr` commands which will
+    #   configure/enable displays connected to the Intel GPU.
+
+    services.xserver.drivers = singleton {
+      name = "nvidia";
+      modules = [ nvidia_x11.bin ];
+      libPath = [ nvidia_x11 ];
+      deviceSection = optionalString optimusCfg.enable
+        ''
+          BusID "${optimusCfg.nvidiaBusId}"
+        '';
+      screenSection =
+        ''
+          Option "RandRRotation" "on"
+          ${optionalString optimusCfg.enable "Option \"AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration\""}
+        '';
+    };
 
-    services.xserver.screenSection =
+    services.xserver.extraConfig = optionalString optimusCfg.enable
+      ''
+        Section "Device"
+          Identifier "nvidia-optimus-intel"
+          Driver "modesetting"
+          BusID  "${optimusCfg.intelBusId}"
+          Option "AccelMethod" "none"
+        EndSection
+      '';
+    services.xserver.serverLayoutSection = optionalString optimusCfg.enable
       ''
-        Option "RandRRotation" "on"
+        Inactive "nvidia-optimus-intel"
       '';
 
+    services.xserver.displayManager.setupCommands = optionalString optimusCfg.enable ''
+      # Added by nvidia configuration module for Optimus/PRIME.
+      ${pkgs.xorg.xrandr}/bin/xrandr --setprovideroutputsource modesetting NVIDIA-0
+      ${pkgs.xorg.xrandr}/bin/xrandr --auto
+    '';
+
     environment.etc."nvidia/nvidia-application-profiles-rc" = mkIf nvidia_x11.useProfiles {
       source = "${nvidia_x11.bin}/share/nvidia/nvidia-application-profiles-rc";
     };
@@ -62,6 +172,8 @@ in
     boot.kernelModules = [ "nvidia-uvm" ] ++
       lib.optionals config.services.xserver.enable [ "nvidia" "nvidia_modeset" "nvidia_drm" ];
 
+    # If requested enable modesetting via kernel parameter.
+    boot.kernelParams = optional cfg.modesetting.enable "nvidia-drm.modeset=1";
 
     # Create /dev/nvidia-uvm when the nvidia-uvm module is loaded.
     services.udev.extraRules =
diff --git a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix
index adde237c07c9..1cfc8ff8612e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
-  x86_64-linux = "/nix/store/mxg4bbblxfns96yrz0nalxyiyjl7gj98-nix-2.1.2";
-  i686-linux = "/nix/store/bgjgmbwirx63mwwychpikd7yc4k4lbjv-nix-2.1.2";
-  aarch64-linux = "/nix/store/yi18azn4nwrcwvaiag04jnxc1qs38fy5-nix-2.1.2";
-  x86_64-darwin = "/nix/store/fpivmcck2qpw5plrp599iraw2x9jp18k-nix-2.1.2";
+  x86_64-linux = "/nix/store/cdcia67siabmj6li7vyffgv2cry86fq8-nix-2.1.3";
+  i686-linux = "/nix/store/6q3xi6y5qnsv7d62b8n00hqfxi8rs2xs-nix-2.1.3";
+  aarch64-linux = "/nix/store/2v93d0vimlm28jg0ms6v1i6lc0fq13pn-nix-2.1.3";
+  x86_64-darwin = "/nix/store/dkjlfkrknmxbjmpfk3dg4q3nmb7m3zvk-nix-2.1.3";
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-generate-config.pl b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-generate-config.pl
index 359caad89a72..b70faa380e54 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-generate-config.pl
+++ b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-generate-config.pl
@@ -277,8 +277,7 @@ if ($virt eq "qemu" || $virt eq "kvm" || $virt eq "bochs") {
 
 # Also for Hyper-V.
 if ($virt eq "microsoft") {
-    push @initrdAvailableKernelModules, "hv_storvsc";
-    $videoDriver = "fbdev";
+    push @attrs, "virtualisation.hypervGuest.enable = true;"
 }
 
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh
index 3f1e591b97b0..327e3e6989f7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh
+++ b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ evalNix(){
   set -e
 
   if test $exit_code -eq 0; then
-      cat <<EOF
+      sed '/^warning: Nix search path/d' <<EOF
 $result
 EOF
       return 0;
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ EOF
       sed -n '
   /^error/ { s/, at (string):[0-9]*:[0-9]*//; p; };
   /^warning: Nix search path/ { p; };
-' <<EOF
+' >&2 <<EOF
 $result
 EOF
     exit_code=1
diff --git a/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix b/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix
index 6a7105e9cdaa..09d53c322fb3 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ in
         if [ -w $out/share/info ]; then
           shopt -s nullglob
           for i in $out/share/info/*.info $out/share/info/*.info.gz; do
-              ${pkgs.texinfo}/bin/install-info $i $out/share/info/dir
+              ${pkgs.buildPackages.texinfo}/bin/install-info $i $out/share/info/dir
           done
         fi
       '';
diff --git a/nixos/modules/misc/version.nix b/nixos/modules/misc/version.nix
index c593adcdae6e..6d78b7c593f8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/misc/version.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/misc/version.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ with lib;
 let
   cfg = config.system.nixos;
 
-  revisionFile = "${toString pkgs.path}/.git-revision";
   gitRepo      = "${toString pkgs.path}/.git";
   gitCommitId  = lib.substring 0 7 (commitIdFromGitRepo gitRepo);
 in
@@ -37,9 +36,7 @@ in
     nixos.revision = mkOption {
       internal = true;
       type = types.str;
-      default = if pathIsDirectory gitRepo then commitIdFromGitRepo gitRepo
-                else if pathExists revisionFile then fileContents revisionFile
-                else "master";
+      default = lib.trivial.revisionWithDefault "master";
       description = "The Git revision from which this NixOS configuration was built.";
     };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
index f4c7cf601bf1..f55c32fa511d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
   ./hardware/opengl.nix
   ./hardware/pcmcia.nix
   ./hardware/raid/hpsa.nix
+  ./hardware/steam-hardware.nix
   ./hardware/usb-wwan.nix
   ./hardware/onlykey.nix
   ./hardware/video/amdgpu.nix
@@ -283,6 +284,7 @@
   ./services/hardware/tlp.nix
   ./services/hardware/thinkfan.nix
   ./services/hardware/trezord.nix
+  ./services/hardware/triggerhappy.nix
   ./services/hardware/u2f.nix
   ./services/hardware/udev.nix
   ./services/hardware/udisks2.nix
@@ -689,6 +691,7 @@
   ./services/web-apps/codimd.nix
   ./services/web-apps/frab.nix
   ./services/web-apps/mattermost.nix
+  ./services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix
   ./services/web-apps/nexus.nix
   ./services/web-apps/pgpkeyserver-lite.nix
   ./services/web-apps/matomo.nix
@@ -732,12 +735,14 @@
   ./services/x11/display-managers/lightdm.nix
   ./services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix
   ./services/x11/display-managers/slim.nix
+  ./services/x11/display-managers/startx.nix
   ./services/x11/display-managers/xpra.nix
   ./services/x11/fractalart.nix
   ./services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix
   ./services/x11/hardware/multitouch.nix
   ./services/x11/hardware/synaptics.nix
   ./services/x11/hardware/wacom.nix
+  ./services/x11/gdk-pixbuf.nix
   ./services/x11/redshift.nix
   ./services/x11/urxvtd.nix
   ./services/x11/window-managers/awesome.nix
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/bash/bash.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/bash/bash.nix
index 424e1506b4c5..f664e2225550 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/bash/bash.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/bash/bash.nix
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ let
   '';
 
   bashAliases = concatStringsSep "\n" (
-    mapAttrsFlatten (k: v: "alias ${k}='${v}'") cfg.shellAliases
+    mapAttrsFlatten (k: v: "alias ${k}=${escapeShellArg v}") cfg.shellAliases
   );
 
 in
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/fish.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/fish.nix
index c3f742acde2e..5948fe11f92b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/fish.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/fish.nix
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ let
   cfg = config.programs.fish;
 
   fishAliases = concatStringsSep "\n" (
-    mapAttrsFlatten (k: v: "alias ${k} '${v}'") cfg.shellAliases
+    mapAttrsFlatten (k: v: "alias ${k} ${escapeShellArg v}") cfg.shellAliases
   );
 
 in
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/light.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/light.nix
index 6f8c389acc97..9f2a03e7e763 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/light.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/light.nix
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ in
         default = false;
         type = types.bool;
         description = ''
-          Whether to install Light backlight control with setuid wrapper.
+          Whether to install Light backlight control command
+          and udev rules granting access to members of the "video" group.
         '';
       };
     };
@@ -21,6 +22,6 @@ in
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.light ];
-    security.wrappers.light.source = "${pkgs.light.out}/bin/light";
+    services.udev.packages = [ pkgs.light ];
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix b/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
index bef10b4fe614..926c6d77d3bb 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
@@ -548,6 +548,13 @@ in
     environment.etc =
       mapAttrsToList (n: v: makePAMService v) config.security.pam.services;
 
+    systemd.tmpfiles.rules = optionals
+      (any (s: s.updateWtmp) (attrValues config.security.pam.services))
+      [
+        "f /var/log/wtmp"
+        "f /var/log/lastlog"
+      ];
+
     security.pam.services =
       { other.text =
           ''
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/polkit.nix b/nixos/modules/security/polkit.nix
index 04685f2c9ea1..7f1de81d5b70 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/polkit.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/polkit.nix
@@ -88,11 +88,11 @@ in
       "polkit-agent-helper-1".source = "${pkgs.polkit.out}/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1";
     };
 
-    system.activationScripts.polkit =
-      ''
-        # Probably no more needed, clean up
-        rm -rf /var/lib/{polkit-1,PolicyKit}
-      '';
+    systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
+      # Probably no more needed, clean up
+      "R /var/lib/polkit-1"
+      "R /var/lib/PolicyKit"
+    ];
 
     users.users.polkituser = {
       description = "PolKit daemon";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
index 8d767de37f00..0f07e6133bb5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
@@ -6,8 +6,12 @@ with lib;
 
 let
   cfg = config.services.buildbot-master;
+
+  python = cfg.package.pythonModule;
+
   escapeStr = s: escape ["'"] s;
-  masterCfg = if cfg.masterCfg == null then pkgs.writeText "master.cfg" ''
+
+  defaultMasterCfg = pkgs.writeText "master.cfg" ''
     from buildbot.plugins import *
     factory = util.BuildFactory()
     c = BuildmasterConfig = dict(
@@ -27,8 +31,28 @@ let
       factory.addStep(step)
 
     ${cfg.extraConfig}
-  ''
-  else cfg.masterCfg;
+  '';
+
+  tacFile = pkgs.writeText "buildbot-master.tac" ''
+    import os
+
+    from twisted.application import service
+    from buildbot.master import BuildMaster
+
+    basedir = '${cfg.buildbotDir}'
+
+    configfile = '${cfg.masterCfg}'
+
+    # Default umask for server
+    umask = None
+
+    # note: this line is matched against to check that this is a buildmaster
+    # directory; do not edit it.
+    application = service.Application('buildmaster')
+
+    m = BuildMaster(basedir, configfile, umask)
+    m.setServiceParent(application)
+  '';
 
 in {
   options = {
@@ -66,9 +90,9 @@ in {
       };
 
       masterCfg = mkOption {
-        type = types.nullOr types.path;
+        type = types.path;
         description = "Optionally pass master.cfg path. Other options in this configuration will be ignored.";
-        default = null;
+        default = defaultMasterCfg;
         example = "/etc/nixos/buildbot/master.cfg";
       };
 
@@ -175,18 +199,25 @@ in {
 
       package = mkOption {
         type = types.package;
-        default = pkgs.buildbot-full;
-        defaultText = "pkgs.buildbot-full";
+        default = pkgs.pythonPackages.buildbot-full;
+        defaultText = "pkgs.pythonPackages.buildbot-full";
         description = "Package to use for buildbot.";
-        example = literalExample "pkgs.buildbot-full";
+        example = literalExample "pkgs.python3Packages.buildbot-full";
       };
 
       packages = mkOption {
-        default = with pkgs; [ python27Packages.twisted git ];
+        default = [ pkgs.git ];
         example = literalExample "[ pkgs.git ]";
         type = types.listOf types.package;
         description = "Packages to add to PATH for the buildbot process.";
       };
+
+      pythonPackages = mkOption {
+        default = pythonPackages: with pythonPackages; [ ];
+        defaultText = "pythonPackages: with pythonPackages; [ ]";
+        description = "Packages to add the to the PYTHONPATH of the buildbot process.";
+        example = literalExample "pythonPackages: with pythonPackages; [ requests ]";
+      };
     };
   };
 
@@ -210,14 +241,15 @@ in {
       description = "Buildbot Continuous Integration Server.";
       after = [ "network-online.target" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      path = cfg.packages;
+      path = cfg.packages ++ cfg.pythonPackages python.pkgs;
+      environment.PYTHONPATH = "${python.withPackages (self: cfg.pythonPackages self ++ [ cfg.package ])}/${python.sitePackages}";
 
       preStart = ''
-        env > envvars
-        mkdir -vp ${cfg.buildbotDir}
-        ln -sfv ${masterCfg} ${cfg.buildbotDir}/master.cfg
-        rm -fv $cfg.buildbotDir}/buildbot.tac
-        ${cfg.package}/bin/buildbot create-master ${cfg.buildbotDir}
+        mkdir -vp "${cfg.buildbotDir}"
+        # Link the tac file so buildbot command line tools recognize the directory
+        ln -sf "${tacFile}" "${cfg.buildbotDir}/buildbot.tac"
+        ${cfg.package}/bin/buildbot create-master --db "${cfg.dbUrl}" "${cfg.buildbotDir}"
+        rm -f buildbot.tac.new master.cfg.sample
       '';
 
       serviceConfig = {
@@ -225,12 +257,11 @@ in {
         User = cfg.user;
         Group = cfg.group;
         WorkingDirectory = cfg.home;
-        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/buildbot start --nodaemon ${cfg.buildbotDir}";
+        # NOTE: call twistd directly with stdout logging for systemd
+        ExecStart = "${python.pkgs.twisted}/bin/twistd -o --nodaemon --pidfile= --logfile - --python ${tacFile}";
       };
-
     };
   };
 
   meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ nand0p mic92 ];
-
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix
index 67c541570b97..4130ec918a70 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix
@@ -7,6 +7,40 @@ with lib;
 let
   cfg = config.services.buildbot-worker;
 
+  python = cfg.package.pythonModule;
+
+  tacFile = pkgs.writeText "aur-buildbot-worker.tac" ''
+    import os
+    from io import open
+
+    from buildbot_worker.bot import Worker
+    from twisted.application import service
+
+    basedir = '${cfg.buildbotDir}'
+
+    # note: this line is matched against to check that this is a worker
+    # directory; do not edit it.
+    application = service.Application('buildbot-worker')
+
+    master_url_split = '${cfg.masterUrl}'.split(':')
+    buildmaster_host = master_url_split[0]
+    port = int(master_url_split[1])
+    workername = '${cfg.workerUser}'
+
+    with open('${cfg.workerPassFile}', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as passwd_file:
+        passwd = passwd_file.read().strip('\r\n')
+    keepalive = 600
+    umask = None
+    maxdelay = 300
+    numcpus = None
+    allow_shutdown = None
+
+    s = Worker(buildmaster_host, port, workername, passwd, basedir,
+               keepalive, umask=umask, maxdelay=maxdelay,
+               numcpus=numcpus, allow_shutdown=allow_shutdown)
+    s.setServiceParent(application)
+  '';
+
 in {
   options = {
     services.buildbot-worker = {
@@ -59,6 +93,23 @@ in {
         description = "Specifies the Buildbot Worker password.";
       };
 
+      workerPassFile = mkOption {
+        type = types.path;
+        description = "File used to store the Buildbot Worker password";
+      };
+
+      hostMessage = mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        description = "Description of this worker";
+      };
+
+      adminMessage = mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        description = "Name of the administrator of this worker";
+      };
+
       masterUrl = mkOption {
         default = "localhost:9989";
         type = types.str;
@@ -67,23 +118,24 @@ in {
 
       package = mkOption {
         type = types.package;
-        default = pkgs.buildbot-worker;
-        defaultText = "pkgs.buildbot-worker";
+        default = pkgs.pythonPackages.buildbot-worker;
+        defaultText = "pkgs.pythonPackages.buildbot-worker";
         description = "Package to use for buildbot worker.";
-        example = literalExample "pkgs.buildbot-worker";
+        example = literalExample "pkgs.python3Packages.buildbot-worker";
       };
 
       packages = mkOption {
-        default = with pkgs; [ python27Packages.twisted git ];
+        default = with pkgs; [ git ];
         example = literalExample "[ pkgs.git ]";
         type = types.listOf types.package;
         description = "Packages to add to PATH for the buildbot process.";
       };
-
     };
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    services.buildbot-worker.workerPassFile = mkDefault (pkgs.writeText "buildbot-worker-password" cfg.workerPass);
+
     users.groups = optional (cfg.group == "bbworker") {
       name = "bbworker";
     };
@@ -104,11 +156,16 @@ in {
       after = [ "network.target" "buildbot-master.service" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       path = cfg.packages;
+      environment.PYTHONPATH = "${python.withPackages (p: [ cfg.package ])}/${python.sitePackages}";
 
       preStart = ''
-        mkdir -vp ${cfg.buildbotDir}
-        rm -fv $cfg.buildbotDir}/buildbot.tac
-        ${cfg.package}/bin/buildbot-worker create-worker ${cfg.buildbotDir} ${cfg.masterUrl} ${cfg.workerUser} ${cfg.workerPass}
+        mkdir -vp "${cfg.buildbotDir}/info"
+        ${optionalString (cfg.hostMessage != null) ''
+          ln -sf "${pkgs.writeText "buildbot-worker-host" cfg.hostMessage}" "${cfg.buildbotDir}/info/host"
+        ''}
+        ${optionalString (cfg.adminMessage != null) ''
+          ln -sf "${pkgs.writeText "buildbot-worker-admin" cfg.adminMessage}" "${cfg.buildbotDir}/info/admin"
+        ''}
       '';
 
       serviceConfig = {
@@ -116,11 +173,9 @@ in {
         User = cfg.user;
         Group = cfg.group;
         WorkingDirectory = cfg.home;
-        Environment = "PYTHONPATH=${cfg.package}/lib/python2.7/site-packages:${pkgs.python27Packages.future}/lib/python2.7/site-packages";
 
         # NOTE: call twistd directly with stdout logging for systemd
-        #ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/buildbot-worker start --nodaemon ${cfg.buildbotDir}";
-        ExecStart = "${pkgs.python27Packages.twisted}/bin/twistd -n -l - -y ${cfg.buildbotDir}/buildbot.tac";
+        ExecStart = "${python.pkgs.twisted}/bin/twistd --nodaemon --pidfile= --logfile - --python ${tacFile}";
       };
 
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/desktops/profile-sync-daemon.nix b/nixos/modules/services/desktops/profile-sync-daemon.nix
index e3f74df3e573..4165bb64fe46 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/desktops/profile-sync-daemon.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/desktops/profile-sync-daemon.nix
@@ -4,22 +4,7 @@ with lib;
 
 let
   cfg = config.services.psd;
-
-  configFile = ''
-    ${optionalString (cfg.users != [ ]) ''
-      USERS="${concatStringsSep " " cfg.users}"
-    ''}
-
-    ${optionalString (cfg.browsers != [ ]) ''
-      BROWSERS="${concatStringsSep " " cfg.browsers}"
-    ''}
-
-    ${optionalString (cfg.volatile != "") "VOLATILE=${cfg.volatile}"}
-    ${optionalString (cfg.daemonFile != "") "DAEMON_FILE=${cfg.daemonFile}"}
-  '';
-
 in {
-
   options.services.psd = with types; {
     enable = mkOption {
       type = bool;
@@ -28,32 +13,6 @@ in {
         Whether to enable the Profile Sync daemon.
       '';
     };
-
-    users = mkOption {
-      type = listOf str;
-      default = [ ];
-      example = [ "demo" ];
-      description = ''
-        A list of users whose browser profiles should be sync'd to tmpfs.
-      '';
-    };
-
-    browsers = mkOption {
-      type = listOf str;
-      default = [ ];
-      example = [ "chromium" "firefox" ];
-      description = ''
-        A list of browsers to sync. Available choices are:
-
-        chromium chromium-dev conkeror.mozdev.org epiphany firefox
-        firefox-trunk google-chrome google-chrome-beta google-chrome-unstable
-        heftig-aurora icecat luakit midori opera opera-developer opera-beta
-        qupzilla palemoon rekonq seamonkey
-
-        An empty list will enable all browsers.
-      '';
-    };
-
     resyncTimer = mkOption {
       type = str;
       default = "1h";
@@ -66,80 +25,53 @@ in {
         omitted.
       '';
     };
-
-    volatile = mkOption {
-      type = str;
-      default = "/run/psd-profiles";
-      description = ''
-        The directory where browser profiles should reside(this should be
-        mounted as a tmpfs). Do not include a trailing backslash.
-      '';
-    };
-
-    daemonFile = mkOption {
-      type = str;
-      default = "/run/psd";
-      description = ''
-        Where the pid and backup configuration files will be stored.
-      '';
-    };
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
-    assertions = [
-      { assertion = cfg.users != [];
-        message = "services.psd.users must contain at least one user";
-      }
-    ];
-
     systemd = {
-      services = {
-        psd = {
-          description = "Profile Sync daemon";
-          wants = [ "psd-resync.service" "local-fs.target" ];
-          wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-          preStart = "mkdir -p ${cfg.volatile}";
-
-          path = with pkgs; [ glibc rsync gawk ];
-
-          unitConfig = {
-            RequiresMountsFor = [ "/home/" ];
+      user = {
+        services = {
+          psd = {
+            enable = true;
+            description = "Profile Sync daemon";
+            wants = [ "psd-resync.service" "local-fs.target" ];
+            wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+            path = with pkgs; [ rsync kmod gawk nettools profile-sync-daemon ];
+            unitConfig = {
+              RequiresMountsFor = [ "/home/" ];
+            };
+            serviceConfig = {
+              Type = "oneshot";
+              RemainAfterExit = "yes";
+              ExecStart = "${pkgs.profile-sync-daemon}/bin/profile-sync-daemon sync";
+              ExecStop = "${pkgs.profile-sync-daemon}/bin/profile-sync-daemon unsync";
+            };
           };
 
-          serviceConfig = {
-            Type = "oneshot";
-            RemainAfterExit = "yes";
-            ExecStart = "${pkgs.profile-sync-daemon}/bin/profile-sync-daemon sync";
-            ExecStop = "${pkgs.profile-sync-daemon}/bin/profile-sync-daemon unsync";
+          psd-resync = {
+            enable = true;
+            description = "Timed profile resync";
+            after = [ "psd.service" ];
+            wants = [ "psd-resync.timer" ];
+            partOf = [ "psd.service" ];
+            wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+            path = with pkgs; [ rsync kmod gawk nettools profile-sync-daemon ];
+            serviceConfig = {
+              Type = "oneshot";
+              ExecStart = "${pkgs.profile-sync-daemon}/bin/profile-sync-daemon resync";
+            };
           };
         };
 
-        psd-resync = {
-          description = "Timed profile resync";
-          after = [ "psd.service" ];
-          wants = [ "psd-resync.timer" ];
-          partOf = [ "psd.service" ];
-
-          path = with pkgs; [ glibc rsync gawk ];
+        timers.psd-resync = {
+          description = "Timer for profile sync daemon - ${cfg.resyncTimer}";
+          partOf = [ "psd-resync.service" "psd.service" ];
 
-          serviceConfig = {
-            Type = "oneshot";
-            ExecStart = "${pkgs.profile-sync-daemon}/bin/profile-sync-daemon resync";
+          timerConfig = {
+            OnUnitActiveSec = "${cfg.resyncTimer}";
           };
         };
       };
-
-      timers.psd-resync = {
-        description = "Timer for profile sync daemon - ${cfg.resyncTimer}";
-        partOf = [ "psd-resync.service" "psd.service" ];
-
-        timerConfig = {
-          OnUnitActiveSec = "${cfg.resyncTimer}";
-        };
-      };
     };
-
-    environment.etc."psd.conf".text = configFile;
-
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/triggerhappy.nix b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/triggerhappy.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81d4a1ae65bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/triggerhappy.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+
+  cfg = config.services.triggerhappy;
+
+  socket = "/run/thd.socket";
+
+  configFile = pkgs.writeText "triggerhappy.conf" ''
+    ${concatMapStringsSep "\n"
+      ({ keys, event, cmd, ... }:
+        ''${concatMapStringsSep "+" (x: "KEY_" + x) keys} ${toString { press = 1; hold = 2; release = 0; }.${event}} ${cmd}''
+      )
+      cfg.bindings}
+    ${cfg.extraConfig}
+  '';
+
+  bindingCfg = { config, ... }: {
+    options = {
+
+      keys = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf types.str;
+        description = "List of keys to match.  Key names as defined in linux/input-event-codes.h";
+      };
+
+      event = mkOption {
+        type = types.enum ["press" "hold" "release"];
+        default = "press";
+        description = "Event to match.";
+      };
+
+      cmd = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        description = "What to run.";
+      };
+
+    };
+  };
+
+in
+
+{
+
+  ###### interface
+
+  options = {
+
+    services.triggerhappy = {
+
+      enable = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          Whether to enable the <command>triggerhappy</command> hotkey daemon.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      bindings = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf (types.submodule bindingCfg);
+        default = [];
+        example = lib.literalExample ''
+          [ { keys = ["PLAYPAUSE"];  cmd = "''${pkgs.mpc_cli}/bin/mpc -q toggle"; } ]
+        '';
+        description = ''
+          Key bindings for <command>triggerhappy</command>.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      extraConfig = mkOption {
+        type = types.lines;
+        default = "";
+        description = ''
+          Literal contents to append to the end of <command>triggerhappy</command> configuration file.
+        '';
+      };
+
+    };
+
+  };
+
+
+  ###### implementation
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+
+    systemd.sockets.triggerhappy = {
+      description = "Triggerhappy Socket";
+      wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
+      socketConfig.ListenDatagram = socket;
+    };
+
+    systemd.services.triggerhappy = {
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      after = [ "local-fs.target" ];
+      description = "Global hotkey daemon";
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ExecStart = "${pkgs.triggerhappy}/bin/thd --user nobody --socket ${socket} --triggers ${configFile} --deviceglob /dev/input/event*";
+      };
+    };
+
+    services.udev.packages = lib.singleton (pkgs.writeTextFile {
+      name = "triggerhappy-udev-rules";
+      destination = "/etc/udev/rules.d/61-triggerhappy.rules";
+      text = ''
+        ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="input", KERNEL=="event[0-9]*", ATTRS{name}!="triggerhappy", \
+          RUN+="${pkgs.triggerhappy}/bin/th-cmd --socket ${socket} --passfd --udev"
+      '';
+    });
+
+  };
+
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/logging/journaldriver.nix b/nixos/modules/services/logging/journaldriver.nix
index 74ac3d4c2365..9bd581e9ec0e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/logging/journaldriver.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/logging/journaldriver.nix
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # to be set.
 #
 # For further information please consult the documentation in the
-# upstream repository at: https://github.com/aprilabank/journaldriver/
+# upstream repository at: https://github.com/tazjin/journaldriver/
 
 { config, lib, pkgs, ...}:
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/mail/rmilter.nix b/nixos/modules/services/mail/rmilter.nix
index 0d91b247cd34..492c64583219 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/mail/rmilter.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/mail/rmilter.nix
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ in
 
       enable = mkOption {
         type = types.bool;
-        default = cfg.rspamd.enable;
+        default = false;
         description = "Whether to run the rmilter daemon.";
       };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd.nix
index bba11796a3d3..ff01a5dee53d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd.nix
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ in
 
     services.rspamd = {
 
-      enable = mkEnableOption "Whether to run the rspamd daemon.";
+      enable = mkEnableOption "rspamd, the Rapid spam filtering system";
 
       debug = mkOption {
         type = types.bool;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/emby.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/emby.nix
index ff68b850cd91..0ad4a3f7376f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/emby.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/emby.nix
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ in
         User = cfg.user;
         Group = cfg.group;
         PermissionsStartOnly = "true";
-        ExecStart = "${pkgs.emby}/bin/MediaBrowser.Server.Mono";
+        ExecStart = "${pkgs.emby}/bin/emby -programdata ${cfg.dataDir}";
         Restart = "on-failure";
       };
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
index d81aa5643e53..8ea831afb7c1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ let
     repos_path: "${cfg.statePath}/repositories"
     secret_file: "${cfg.statePath}/config/gitlab_shell_secret"
     log_file: "${cfg.statePath}/log/gitlab-shell.log"
+    custom_hooks_dir: "${cfg.statePath}/custom_hooks"
     redis:
       bin: ${pkgs.redis}/bin/redis-cli
       host: 127.0.0.1
@@ -562,6 +563,9 @@ in {
         mkdir -p ${cfg.statePath}/shell
         mkdir -p ${cfg.statePath}/db
         mkdir -p ${cfg.statePath}/uploads
+        mkdir -p ${cfg.statePath}/custom_hooks/pre-receive.d
+        mkdir -p ${cfg.statePath}/custom_hooks/post-receive.d
+        mkdir -p ${cfg.statePath}/custom_hooks/update.d
 
         rm -rf ${cfg.statePath}/config ${cfg.statePath}/shell/hooks
         mkdir -p ${cfg.statePath}/config
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-daemon.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-daemon.nix
index 24379ec27354..5e171c08d893 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-daemon.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-daemon.nix
@@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ in
     systemd.sockets.nix-daemon.wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
 
     systemd.services.nix-daemon =
-      { path = [ nix pkgs.utillinux ]
-          ++ optionals cfg.distributedBuilds [ config.programs.ssh.package pkgs.gzip ]
+      { path = [ nix pkgs.utillinux config.programs.ssh.package ]
+          ++ optionals cfg.distributedBuilds [ pkgs.gzip ]
           ++ optionals (!isNix20) [ pkgs.openssl.bin ];
 
         environment = cfg.envVars
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-optimise.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-optimise.nix
index 6f75e4dd03ea..416529f690e0 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-optimise.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/nix-optimise.nix
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ in
 
     systemd.services.nix-optimise =
       { description = "Nix Store Optimiser";
+        # No point running it inside a nixos-container. It should be on the host instead.
+        unitConfig.ConditionVirtualization = "!container";
         serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${config.nix.package}/bin/nix-store --optimise";
         startAt = optionals cfg.automatic cfg.dates;
       };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix
index f763ba21d0b2..8d25ac5cb76f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ with lib;
 let
   cfg = config.services.redmine;
 
-  bundle = "${pkgs.redmine}/share/redmine/bin/bundle";
+  bundle = "${cfg.package}/share/redmine/bin/bundle";
 
   databaseYml = pkgs.writeText "database.yml" ''
     production:
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ let
       port: ${toString cfg.database.port}
       username: ${cfg.database.user}
       password: #dbpass#
+      ${optionalString (cfg.database.socket != null) "socket: ${cfg.database.socket}"}
   '';
 
   configurationYml = pkgs.writeText "configuration.yml" ''
@@ -29,6 +30,19 @@ let
     ${cfg.extraConfig}
   '';
 
+  unpackTheme = unpack "theme";
+  unpackPlugin = unpack "plugin";
+  unpack = id: (name: source:
+    pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
+      name = "redmine-${id}-${name}";
+      buildInputs = [ pkgs.unzip ];
+      buildCommand = ''
+        mkdir -p $out
+        cd $out
+        unpackFile ${source}
+      '';
+  });
+
 in
 
 {
@@ -40,6 +54,14 @@ in
         description = "Enable the Redmine service.";
       };
 
+      package = mkOption {
+        type = types.package;
+        default = pkgs.redmine;
+        defaultText = "pkgs.redmine";
+        description = "Which Redmine package to use.";
+        example = "pkgs.redmine.override { ruby = pkgs.ruby_2_3; }";
+      };
+
       user = mkOption {
         type = types.str;
         default = "redmine";
@@ -52,6 +74,12 @@ in
         description = "Group under which Redmine is ran.";
       };
 
+      port = mkOption {
+        type = types.int;
+        default = 3000;
+        description = "Port on which Redmine is ran.";
+      };
+
       stateDir = mkOption {
         type = types.str;
         default = "/var/lib/redmine";
@@ -66,6 +94,41 @@ in
 
           See https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html#action-mailer-configuration
         '';
+        example = literalExample ''
+          email_delivery:
+            delivery_method: smtp
+            smtp_settings:
+              address: mail.example.com
+              port: 25
+        '';
+      };
+
+      themes = mkOption {
+        type = types.attrsOf types.path;
+        default = {};
+        description = "Set of themes.";
+        example = literalExample ''
+          {
+            dkuk-redmine_alex_skin = builtins.fetchurl {
+              url = https://bitbucket.org/dkuk/redmine_alex_skin/get/1842ef675ef3.zip;
+              sha256 = "0hrin9lzyi50k4w2bd2b30vrf1i4fi1c0gyas5801wn8i7kpm9yl";
+            };
+          }
+        '';
+      };
+
+      plugins = mkOption {
+        type = types.attrsOf types.path;
+        default = {};
+        description = "Set of plugins.";
+        example = literalExample ''
+          {
+            redmine_env_auth = builtins.fetchurl {
+              url = https://github.com/Intera/redmine_env_auth/archive/0.6.zip;
+              sha256 = "0yyr1yjd8gvvh832wdc8m3xfnhhxzk2pk3gm2psg5w9jdvd6skak";
+            };
+          }
+        '';
       };
 
       database = {
@@ -78,7 +141,7 @@ in
 
         host = mkOption {
           type = types.str;
-          default = "127.0.0.1";
+          default = (if cfg.database.socket != null then "localhost" else "127.0.0.1");
           description = "Database host address.";
         };
 
@@ -119,6 +182,13 @@ in
             <option>database.user</option>.
           '';
         };
+
+        socket = mkOption {
+          type = types.nullOr types.path;
+          default = null;
+          example = "/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock";
+          description = "Path to the unix socket file to use for authentication.";
+        };
       };
     };
   };
@@ -126,17 +196,20 @@ in
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
 
     assertions = [
-      { assertion = cfg.database.passwordFile != null || cfg.database.password != "";
-        message = "either services.redmine.database.passwordFile or services.redmine.database.password must be set";
+      { assertion = cfg.database.passwordFile != null || cfg.database.password != "" || cfg.database.socket != null;
+        message = "one of services.redmine.database.socket, services.redmine.database.passwordFile, or services.redmine.database.password must be set";
+      }
+      { assertion = cfg.database.socket != null -> (cfg.database.type == "mysql2");
+        message = "Socket authentication is only available for the mysql2 database type";
       }
     ];
 
-    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.redmine ];
+    environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
 
     systemd.services.redmine = {
       after = [ "network.target" (if cfg.database.type == "mysql2" then "mysql.service" else "postgresql.service") ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      environment.HOME = "${pkgs.redmine}/share/redmine";
+      environment.HOME = "${cfg.package}/share/redmine";
       environment.RAILS_ENV = "production";
       environment.RAILS_CACHE = "${cfg.stateDir}/cache";
       environment.REDMINE_LANG = "en";
@@ -151,43 +224,80 @@ in
         subversion
       ];
       preStart = ''
-        # start with a fresh config directory every time
-        rm -rf ${cfg.stateDir}/config
-        cp -r ${pkgs.redmine}/share/redmine/config.dist ${cfg.stateDir}/config
+        # ensure cache directory exists for db:migrate command
+        mkdir -p "${cfg.stateDir}/cache"
 
-        # create the basic state directory layout pkgs.redmine expects
-        mkdir -p /run/redmine
+        # create the basic directory layout the redmine package expects
+        mkdir -p /run/redmine/public
 
         for i in config files log plugins tmp; do
-          mkdir -p ${cfg.stateDir}/$i
-          ln -fs ${cfg.stateDir}/$i /run/redmine/$i
+          mkdir -p "${cfg.stateDir}/$i"
+          ln -fs "${cfg.stateDir}/$i" /run/redmine/
+        done
+
+        for i in plugin_assets themes; do
+          mkdir -p "${cfg.stateDir}/public/$i"
+          ln -fs "${cfg.stateDir}/public/$i" /run/redmine/public/
         done
 
-        # ensure cache directory exists for db:migrate command
-        mkdir -p ${cfg.stateDir}/cache
+
+        # start with a fresh config directory
+        # the config directory is copied instead of linked as some mutable data is stored in there
+        rm -rf "${cfg.stateDir}/config/"*
+        cp -r ${cfg.package}/share/redmine/config.dist/* "${cfg.stateDir}/config/"
 
         # link in the application configuration
-        ln -fs ${configurationYml} ${cfg.stateDir}/config/configuration.yml
+        ln -fs ${configurationYml} "${cfg.stateDir}/config/configuration.yml"
+
+
+        # link in all user specified themes
+        rm -rf "${cfg.stateDir}/public/themes/"*
+        for theme in ${concatStringsSep " " (mapAttrsToList unpackTheme cfg.themes)}; do
+          ln -fs $theme/* "${cfg.stateDir}/public/themes"
+        done
+
+        # link in redmine provided themes
+        ln -sf ${cfg.package}/share/redmine/public/themes.dist/* "${cfg.stateDir}/public/themes/"
+
 
-        chmod -R ug+rwX,o-rwx+x ${cfg.stateDir}/
+        # link in all user specified plugins
+        rm -rf "${cfg.stateDir}/plugins/"*
+        for plugin in ${concatStringsSep " " (mapAttrsToList unpackPlugin cfg.plugins)}; do
+          ln -fs $plugin/* "${cfg.stateDir}/plugins/''${plugin##*-redmine-plugin-}"
+        done
+
+
+        # ensure correct permissions for most files
+        chmod -R ug+rwX,o-rwx+x "${cfg.stateDir}/"
 
-        # handle database.passwordFile
+
+        # handle database.passwordFile & permissions
         DBPASS=$(head -n1 ${cfg.database.passwordFile})
-        cp -f ${databaseYml} ${cfg.stateDir}/config/database.yml
-        sed -e "s,#dbpass#,$DBPASS,g" -i ${cfg.stateDir}/config/database.yml
-        chmod 440 ${cfg.stateDir}/config/database.yml
+        cp -f ${databaseYml} "${cfg.stateDir}/config/database.yml"
+        sed -e "s,#dbpass#,$DBPASS,g" -i "${cfg.stateDir}/config/database.yml"
+        chmod 440 "${cfg.stateDir}/config/database.yml"
+
 
         # generate a secret token if required
         if ! test -e "${cfg.stateDir}/config/initializers/secret_token.rb"; then
           ${bundle} exec rake generate_secret_token
-          chmod 440 ${cfg.stateDir}/config/initializers/secret_token.rb
+          chmod 440 "${cfg.stateDir}/config/initializers/secret_token.rb"
         fi
 
+
         # ensure everything is owned by ${cfg.user}
-        chown -R ${cfg.user}:${cfg.group} ${cfg.stateDir}
+        chown -R ${cfg.user}:${cfg.group} "${cfg.stateDir}"
+
+
+        # execute redmine required commands prior to starting the application
+        # NOTE: su required in case using mysql socket authentication
+        /run/wrappers/bin/su -s ${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash -m -l redmine -c '${bundle} exec rake db:migrate'
+        /run/wrappers/bin/su -s ${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash -m -l redmine -c '${bundle} exec rake redmine:load_default_data'
+
 
-        ${bundle} exec rake db:migrate
-        ${bundle} exec rake redmine:load_default_data
+        # log files don't exist until after first command has been executed
+        # correct ownership of files generated by calling exec rake ...
+        chown -R ${cfg.user}:${cfg.group} "${cfg.stateDir}/log"
       '';
 
       serviceConfig = {
@@ -196,13 +306,13 @@ in
         User = cfg.user;
         Group = cfg.group;
         TimeoutSec = "300";
-        WorkingDirectory = "${pkgs.redmine}/share/redmine";
-        ExecStart="${bundle} exec rails server webrick -e production -P ${cfg.stateDir}/redmine.pid";
+        WorkingDirectory = "${cfg.package}/share/redmine";
+        ExecStart="${bundle} exec rails server webrick -e production -p ${toString cfg.port} -P '${cfg.stateDir}/redmine.pid'";
       };
 
     };
 
-    users.extraUsers = optionalAttrs (cfg.user == "redmine") (singleton
+    users.users = optionalAttrs (cfg.user == "redmine") (singleton
       { name = "redmine";
         group = cfg.group;
         home = cfg.stateDir;
@@ -210,7 +320,7 @@ in
         uid = config.ids.uids.redmine;
       });
 
-    users.extraGroups = optionalAttrs (cfg.group == "redmine") (singleton
+    users.groups = optionalAttrs (cfg.group == "redmine") (singleton
       { name = "redmine";
         gid = config.ids.gids.redmine;
       });
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/alertmanager.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/alertmanager.nix
index 8a47c9f1e7d8..8a44cf7fd8f6 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/alertmanager.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/alertmanager.nix
@@ -9,6 +9,15 @@ let
     if cfg.configText != null then
       pkgs.writeText "alertmanager.yml" cfg.configText
     else mkConfigFile;
+  cmdlineArgs = cfg.extraFlags ++ [
+    "--config.file ${alertmanagerYml}"
+    "--web.listen-address ${cfg.listenAddress}:${toString cfg.port}"
+    "--log.level ${cfg.logLevel}"
+    ] ++ (optional (cfg.webExternalUrl != null)
+      "--web.external-url ${cfg.webExternalUrl}"
+    ) ++ (optional (cfg.logFormat != null)
+      "--log.format ${cfg.logFormat}"
+  );
 in {
   options = {
     services.prometheus.alertmanager = {
@@ -99,6 +108,14 @@ in {
           Open port in firewall for incoming connections.
         '';
       };
+
+      extraFlags = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf types.str;
+        default = [];
+        description = ''
+          Extra commandline options when launching the Alertmanager.
+        '';
+      };
     };
   };
 
@@ -111,11 +128,7 @@ in {
       after    = [ "network.target" ];
       script = ''
         ${pkgs.prometheus-alertmanager.bin}/bin/alertmanager \
-        --config.file ${alertmanagerYml} \
-        --web.listen-address ${cfg.listenAddress}:${toString cfg.port} \
-        --log.level ${cfg.logLevel} \
-        ${optionalString (cfg.webExternalUrl != null) ''--web.external-url ${cfg.webExternalUrl} \''}
-        ${optionalString (cfg.logFormat != null) "--log.format ${cfg.logFormat}"}
+          ${concatStringsSep " \\\n  " cmdlineArgs}
       '';
 
       serviceConfig = {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix
index 1d5f400250fd..950af848c0f6 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ let
     postfix   = import ./exporters/postfix.nix   { inherit config lib pkgs; };
     snmp      = import ./exporters/snmp.nix      { inherit config lib pkgs; };
     surfboard = import ./exporters/surfboard.nix { inherit config lib pkgs; };
+    tor       = import ./exporters/tor.nix       { inherit config lib pkgs; };
     unifi     = import ./exporters/unifi.nix     { inherit config lib pkgs; };
     varnish   = import ./exporters/varnish.nix   { inherit config lib pkgs; };
   };
@@ -123,15 +124,13 @@ let
       systemd.services."prometheus-${name}-exporter" = mkMerge ([{
         wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
         after = [ "network.target" ];
-        serviceConfig = {
-          Restart = mkDefault "always";
-          PrivateTmp = mkDefault true;
-          WorkingDirectory = mkDefault /tmp;
-        } // mkIf (!(serviceOpts.serviceConfig.DynamicUser or false)) {
-          User = conf.user;
-          Group = conf.group;
-        };
-      } serviceOpts ]);
+        serviceConfig.Restart = mkDefault "always";
+        serviceConfig.PrivateTmp = mkDefault true;
+        serviceConfig.WorkingDirectory = mkDefault /tmp;
+      } serviceOpts ] ++ optional (serviceOpts.serviceConfig.DynamicUser or false) {
+        serviceConfig.User = conf.user;
+        serviceConfig.Group = conf.group;
+      });
   };
 in
 {
@@ -172,5 +171,8 @@ in
     }) exporterOpts)
   );
 
-  meta.doc = ./exporters.xml;
+  meta = {
+    doc = ./exporters.xml;
+    maintainers = [ maintainers.willibutz ];
+  };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/snmp.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/snmp.nix
index 404cd0a1896b..0d9194124325 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/snmp.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/snmp.nix
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ in
       DynamicUser = true;
       ExecStart = ''
         ${pkgs.prometheus-snmp-exporter.bin}/bin/snmp_exporter \
-          -config.file ${configFile} \
-          -log.format ${cfg.logFormat} \
-          -log.level ${cfg.logLevel} \
-          -web.listen-address ${cfg.listenAddress}:${toString cfg.port} \
+          --config.file=${configFile} \
+          --log.format=${cfg.logFormat} \
+          --log.level=${cfg.logLevel} \
+          --web.listen-address=${cfg.listenAddress}:${toString cfg.port} \
           ${concatStringsSep " \\\n  " cfg.extraFlags}
       '';
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/tor.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/tor.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e2a13c44ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/tor.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.prometheus.exporters.tor;
+in
+{
+  port = 9130;
+  extraOpts = {
+    torControlAddress = mkOption {
+      type = types.str;
+      default = "127.0.0.1";
+      description = ''
+        Tor control IP address or hostname.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    torControlPort = mkOption {
+      type = types.int;
+      default = 9051;
+      description = ''
+        Tor control port.
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+  serviceOpts = {
+    serviceConfig = {
+      DynamicUser = true;
+      ExecStart = ''
+        ${pkgs.prometheus-tor-exporter}/bin/prometheus-tor-exporter \
+          -b ${cfg.listenAddress} \
+          -p ${toString cfg.port} \
+          -a ${cfg.torControlAddress} \
+          -c ${toString cfg.torControlPort} \
+          ${concatStringsSep " \\\n  " cfg.extraFlags}
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/varnish.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/varnish.nix
index 8dbf2d735ab9..aaed76175b84 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/varnish.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/varnish.nix
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ in
     path = [ pkgs.varnish ];
     serviceConfig = {
       DynamicUser = true;
+      RestartSec = mkDefault 1;
       ExecStart = ''
         ${pkgs.prometheus-varnish-exporter}/bin/prometheus_varnish_exporter \
           --web.listen-address ${cfg.listenAddress}:${toString cfg.port} \
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/bitlbee.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/bitlbee.nix
index 392a8d5c2e7c..46e3b7457610 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/bitlbee.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/bitlbee.nix
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ let
   cfg = config.services.bitlbee;
   bitlbeeUid = config.ids.uids.bitlbee;
 
-  bitlbeePkg = if cfg.libpurple_plugins == []
-  then pkgs.bitlbee
-  else pkgs.bitlbee.override { enableLibPurple = true; };
+  bitlbeePkg = pkgs.bitlbee.override {
+    enableLibPurple = cfg.libpurple_plugins != [];
+    enablePam = cfg.authBackend == "pam";
+  };
 
   bitlbeeConfig = pkgs.writeText "bitlbee.conf"
     ''
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ let
     DaemonInterface = ${cfg.interface}
     DaemonPort = ${toString cfg.portNumber}
     AuthMode = ${cfg.authMode}
+    AuthBackend = ${cfg.authBackend}
     Plugindir = ${pkgs.bitlbee-plugins cfg.plugins}/lib/bitlbee
     ${lib.optionalString (cfg.hostName != "") "HostName = ${cfg.hostName}"}
     ${lib.optionalString (cfg.protocols != "") "Protocols = ${cfg.protocols}"}
@@ -70,6 +72,16 @@ in
         '';
       };
 
+      authBackend = mkOption {
+        default = "storage";
+        type = types.enum [ "storage" "pam" ];
+        description = ''
+          How users are authenticated
+            storage -- save passwords internally
+            pam -- Linux PAM authentication
+        '';
+      };
+
       authMode = mkOption {
         default = "Open";
         type = types.enum [ "Open" "Closed" "Registered" ];
@@ -147,23 +159,22 @@ in
 
   ###### implementation
 
-  config = mkIf config.services.bitlbee.enable {
-
-    users.users = singleton
-      { name = "bitlbee";
+  config =  mkMerge [
+    (mkIf config.services.bitlbee.enable {
+      users.users = singleton {
+        name = "bitlbee";
         uid = bitlbeeUid;
         description = "BitlBee user";
         home = "/var/lib/bitlbee";
         createHome = true;
       };
 
-    users.groups = singleton
-      { name = "bitlbee";
+      users.groups = singleton {
+        name = "bitlbee";
         gid = config.ids.gids.bitlbee;
       };
 
-    systemd.services.bitlbee =
-      {
+      systemd.services.bitlbee = {
         environment.PURPLE_PLUGIN_PATH = purple_plugin_path;
         description = "BitlBee IRC to other chat networks gateway";
         after = [ "network.target" ];
@@ -172,8 +183,12 @@ in
         serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${bitlbeePkg}/sbin/bitlbee -F -n -c ${bitlbeeConfig}";
       };
 
-    environment.systemPackages = [ bitlbeePkg ];
+      environment.systemPackages = [ bitlbeePkg ];
 
-  };
+    })
+    (mkIf (config.services.bitlbee.authBackend == "pam") {
+      security.pam.services.bitlbee = {};
+    })
+  ];
 
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/charybdis.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/charybdis.nix
index 6d57faa9ac2b..3d02dc8d1375 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/charybdis.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/charybdis.nix
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ in
           BANDB_DBPATH = "${cfg.statedir}/ban.db";
         };
         serviceConfig = {
-          ExecStart   = "${charybdis}/bin/charybdis-ircd -foreground -logfile /dev/stdout -configfile ${configFile}";
+          ExecStart   = "${charybdis}/bin/charybdis -foreground -logfile /dev/stdout -configfile ${configFile}";
           Group = cfg.group;
           User = cfg.user;
           PermissionsStartOnly = true; # preStart needs to run with root permissions
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/miniupnpd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/miniupnpd.nix
index 19400edb68f9..ab714a6ac75e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/miniupnpd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/miniupnpd.nix
@@ -57,32 +57,12 @@ in
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
-    # from miniupnpd/netfilter/iptables_init.sh
     networking.firewall.extraCommands = ''
-      iptables -t nat -N MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t mangle -N MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t filter -N MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i ${cfg.externalInterface} ! -o ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t nat -N MINIUPNPD-PCP-PEER
-      iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD-PCP-PEER
+      ${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash -x ${pkgs.miniupnpd}/etc/miniupnpd/iptables_init.sh -i ${cfg.externalInterface}
     '';
 
-    # from miniupnpd/netfilter/iptables_removeall.sh
     networking.firewall.extraStopCommands = ''
-      iptables -t nat -F MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -i ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t nat -X MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t mangle -F MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t mangle -D PREROUTING -i ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t mangle -X MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t filter -F MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t filter -D FORWARD -i ${cfg.externalInterface} ! -o ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t filter -X MINIUPNPD
-      iptables -t nat -F MINIUPNPD-PCP-PEER
-      iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ${cfg.externalInterface} -j MINIUPNPD-PCP-PEER
-      iptables -t nat -X MINIUPNPD-PCP-PEER
+      ${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash -x ${pkgs.miniupnpd}/etc/miniupnpd/iptables_removeall.sh -i ${cfg.externalInterface}
     '';
 
     systemd.services.miniupnpd = {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/murmur.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/murmur.nix
index fcc813e6898f..a6e90feff7ea 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/murmur.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/murmur.nix
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ in
       enable = mkOption {
         type = types.bool;
         default = false;
-        description = "If enabled, start the Murmur Service.";
+        description = "If enabled, start the Murmur Mumble server.";
       };
 
       autobanAttempts = mkOption {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/pptpd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/pptpd.nix
index 56a612b91052..d8b9e8f8341a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/pptpd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/pptpd.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ with lib;
 {
   options = {
     services.pptpd = {
-      enable = mkEnableOption "Whether pptpd should be run on startup.";
+      enable = mkEnableOption "pptpd, the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol daemon";
 
       serverIp = mkOption {
         type        = types.string;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/xl2tpd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/xl2tpd.nix
index 46111a76af80..d0a3ed7bb5e0 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/xl2tpd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/xl2tpd.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ with lib;
 {
   options = {
     services.xl2tpd = {
-      enable = mkEnableOption "Whether xl2tpd should be run on startup.";
+      enable = mkEnableOption "xl2tpd, the Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol Daemon";
 
       serverIp = mkOption {
         type        = types.string;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/xrdp.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/xrdp.nix
index 61f22a366a02..9ed3025e47d4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/xrdp.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/xrdp.nix
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ in
 
     services.xrdp = {
 
-      enable = mkEnableOption "Whether xrdp should be run on startup.";
+      enable = mkEnableOption "xrdp, the Remote Desktop Protocol server";
 
       package = mkOption {
         type = types.package;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix
index dbf18ec1d114..1031d6f3d7e2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ in
       drivers = mkOption {
         type = types.listOf types.path;
         default = [];
-        example = literalExample "[ pkgs.gutenprint pkgs.hplip pkgs.splix ]";
+        example = literalExample "with pkgs; [ gutenprint hplip splix cups-googlecloudprint ]";
         description = ''
           CUPS drivers to use. Drivers provided by CUPS, cups-filters,
           Ghostscript and Samba are added unconditionally. If this list contains
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/security/clamav.nix b/nixos/modules/services/security/clamav.nix
index 9ad0095252de..04b433f8f2bf 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/security/clamav.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/security/clamav.nix
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ in
     environment.etc."clamav/freshclam.conf".source = freshclamConfigFile;
     environment.etc."clamav/clamd.conf".source = clamdConfigFile;
 
-    systemd.services.clamav-daemon = optionalAttrs cfg.daemon.enable {
+    systemd.services.clamav-daemon = mkIf cfg.daemon.enable {
       description = "ClamAV daemon (clamd)";
       after = optional cfg.updater.enable "clamav-freshclam.service";
       requires = optional cfg.updater.enable "clamav-freshclam.service";
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ in
       };
     };
 
-    systemd.timers.clamav-freshclam = optionalAttrs cfg.updater.enable {
+    systemd.timers.clamav-freshclam = mkIf cfg.updater.enable {
       description = "Timer for ClamAV virus database updater (freshclam)";
       wantedBy = [ "timers.target" ];
       timerConfig = {
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ in
       };
     };
 
-    systemd.services.clamav-freshclam = optionalAttrs cfg.updater.enable {
+    systemd.services.clamav-freshclam = mkIf cfg.updater.enable {
       description = "ClamAV virus database updater (freshclam)";
       restartTriggers = [ freshclamConfigFile ];
 
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ in
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "oneshot";
         ExecStart = "${pkg}/bin/freshclam";
+        SuccessExitStatus = "1"; # if databases are up to date
         PrivateTmp = "yes";
         PrivateDevices = "yes";
       };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/system/saslauthd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/system/saslauthd.nix
index c8ddca9a0db6..8fcf4fb91fc4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/system/saslauthd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/system/saslauthd.nix
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ in
 
     services.saslauthd = {
 
-      enable = mkEnableOption "Whether to enable the Cyrus SASL authentication daemon.";
+      enable = mkEnableOption "saslauthd, the Cyrus SASL authentication daemon";
 
       package = mkOption {
         default = pkgs.cyrus_sasl.bin;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..db4c8e1a3d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }@args:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.nextcloud;
+
+  toKeyValue = generators.toKeyValue {
+    mkKeyValue = generators.mkKeyValueDefault {} " = ";
+  };
+
+  phpOptionsExtensions = ''
+    ${optionalString cfg.caching.apcu "extension=${cfg.phpPackages.apcu}/lib/php/extensions/apcu.so"}
+    ${optionalString cfg.caching.redis "extension=${cfg.phpPackages.redis}/lib/php/extensions/redis.so"}
+    ${optionalString cfg.caching.memcached "extension=${cfg.phpPackages.memcached}/lib/php/extensions/memcached.so"}
+    zend_extension = opcache.so
+    opcache.enable = 1
+  '';
+  phpOptions = {
+    upload_max_filesize = cfg.maxUploadSize;
+    post_max_size = cfg.maxUploadSize;
+    memory_limit = cfg.maxUploadSize;
+  } // cfg.phpOptions;
+  phpOptionsStr = phpOptionsExtensions + (toKeyValue phpOptions);
+
+  occ = pkgs.writeScriptBin "nextcloud-occ" ''
+    #! ${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+    cd ${pkgs.nextcloud}
+    exec /run/wrappers/bin/sudo -u nextcloud \
+      NEXTCLOUD_CONFIG_DIR="${cfg.home}/config" \
+      ${config.services.phpfpm.phpPackage}/bin/php \
+      -c ${pkgs.writeText "php.ini" phpOptionsStr}\
+      occ $*
+  '';
+
+in {
+  options.services.nextcloud = {
+    enable = mkEnableOption "nextcloud";
+    hostName = mkOption {
+      type = types.str;
+      description = "FQDN for the nextcloud instance.";
+    };
+    home = mkOption {
+      type = types.str;
+      default = "/var/lib/nextcloud";
+      description = "Storage path of nextcloud.";
+    };
+    https = mkOption {
+      type = types.bool;
+      default = false;
+      description = "Enable if there is a TLS terminating proxy in front of nextcloud.";
+    };
+
+    maxUploadSize = mkOption {
+      default = "512M";
+      type = types.str;
+      description = ''
+        Defines the upload limit for files. This changes the relevant options
+        in php.ini and nginx if enabled.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    skeletonDirectory = mkOption {
+      default = "";
+      type = types.str;
+      description = ''
+        The directory where the skeleton files are located. These files will be
+        copied to the data directory of new users. Leave empty to not copy any
+        skeleton files.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    nginx.enable = mkEnableOption "nginx vhost management";
+
+    webfinger = mkOption {
+      type = types.bool;
+      default = false;
+      description = ''
+        Enable this option if you plan on using the webfinger plugin.
+        The appropriate nginx rewrite rules will be added to your configuration.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    phpPackages = mkOption {
+      type = types.attrs;
+      default = pkgs.php71Packages;
+      defaultText = "pkgs.php71Packages";
+      description = ''
+        Overridable attribute of the PHP packages set to use.  If any caching
+        module is enabled, it will be taken from here.  Therefore it should
+        match the version of PHP given to
+        <literal>services.phpfpm.phpPackage</literal>.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    phpOptions = mkOption {
+      type = types.attrsOf types.str;
+      default = {
+        "short_open_tag" = "Off";
+        "expose_php" = "Off";
+        "error_reporting" = "E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT";
+        "display_errors" = "stderr";
+        "opcache.enable_cli" = "1";
+        "opcache.interned_strings_buffer" = "8";
+        "opcache.max_accelerated_files" = "10000";
+        "opcache.memory_consumption" = "128";
+        "opcache.revalidate_freq" = "1";
+        "opcache.fast_shutdown" = "1";
+        "openssl.cafile" = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt";
+        "catch_workers_output" = "yes";
+      };
+      description = ''
+        Options for PHP's php.ini file for nextcloud.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    poolConfig = mkOption {
+      type = types.lines;
+      default = ''
+        pm = dynamic
+        pm.max_children = 32
+        pm.start_servers = 2
+        pm.min_spare_servers = 2
+        pm.max_spare_servers = 4
+        pm.max_requests = 500
+      '';
+      description = ''
+        Options for nextcloud's PHP pool. See the documentation on <literal>php-fpm.conf</literal> for details on configuration directives.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    config = {
+      dbtype = mkOption {
+        type = types.enum [ "sqlite" "pgsql" "mysql" ];
+        default = "sqlite";
+        description = "Database type.";
+      };
+      dbname = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = "nextcloud";
+        description = "Database name.";
+      };
+      dbuser = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = "nextcloud";
+        description = "Database user.";
+      };
+      dbpass = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = null;
+        description = ''
+          Database password.  Use <literal>dbpassFile</literal> to avoid this
+          being world-readable in the <literal>/nix/store</literal>.
+        '';
+      };
+      dbpassFile = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = null;
+        description = ''
+          The full path to a file that contains the database password.
+        '';
+      };
+      dbhost = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = "localhost";
+        description = "Database host.";
+      };
+      dbport = mkOption {
+        type = with types; nullOr (either int str);
+        default = null;
+        description = "Database port.";
+      };
+      dbtableprefix = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = null;
+        description = "Table prefix in Nextcloud database.";
+      };
+      adminuser = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        default = "root";
+        description = "Admin username.";
+      };
+      adminpass = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = null;
+        description = ''
+          Database password.  Use <literal>adminpassFile</literal> to avoid this
+          being world-readable in the <literal>/nix/store</literal>.
+        '';
+      };
+      adminpassFile = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = null;
+        description = ''
+          The full path to a file that contains the admin's password.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      extraTrustedDomains = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf types.str;
+        default = [];
+        description = ''
+          Trusted domains, from which the nextcloud installation will be
+          acessible.  You don't need to add
+          <literal>services.nextcloud.hostname</literal> here.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+
+    caching = {
+      apcu = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = true;
+        description = ''
+          Whether to load the APCu module into PHP.
+        '';
+      };
+      redis = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          Whether to load the Redis module into PHP.
+          You still need to enable Redis in your config.php.
+          See https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/14/admin_manual/configuration_server/caching_configuration.html
+        '';
+      };
+      memcached = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          Whether to load the Memcached module into PHP.
+          You still need to enable Memcached in your config.php.
+          See https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/14/admin_manual/configuration_server/caching_configuration.html
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable (mkMerge [
+    { assertions = let acfg = cfg.config; in [
+        { assertion = !(acfg.dbpass != null && acfg.dbpassFile != null);
+          message = "Please specify no more than one of dbpass or dbpassFile";
+        }
+        { assertion = ((acfg.adminpass != null || acfg.adminpassFile != null)
+            && !(acfg.adminpass != null && acfg.adminpassFile != null));
+          message = "Please specify exactly one of adminpass or adminpassFile";
+        }
+      ];
+    }
+
+    { systemd.timers."nextcloud-cron" = {
+        wantedBy = [ "timers.target" ];
+        timerConfig.OnBootSec = "5m";
+        timerConfig.OnUnitActiveSec = "15m";
+        timerConfig.Unit = "nextcloud-cron.service";
+      };
+
+      systemd.services = {
+        "nextcloud-setup" = let
+          overrideConfig = pkgs.writeText "nextcloud-config.php" ''
+            <?php
+            $CONFIG = [
+              'apps_paths' => [
+                [ 'path' => '${cfg.home}/apps', 'url' => '/apps', 'writable' => false ],
+                [ 'path' => '${cfg.home}/store-apps', 'url' => '/store-apps', 'writable' => true ],
+              ],
+              'datadirectory' => '${cfg.home}/data',
+              'skeletondirectory' => '${cfg.skeletonDirectory}',
+              ${optionalString cfg.caching.apcu "'memcache.local' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\APCu',"}
+              'log_type' => 'syslog',
+            ];
+          '';
+          occInstallCmd = let
+            c = cfg.config;
+            adminpass = if c.adminpassFile != null
+              then ''"$(<"${toString c.adminpassFile}")"''
+              else ''"${toString c.adminpass}"'';
+            dbpass = if c.dbpassFile != null
+              then ''"$(<"${toString c.dbpassFile}")"''
+              else if c.dbpass != null
+              then ''"${toString c.dbpass}"''
+              else null;
+            installFlags = concatStringsSep " \\\n    "
+              (mapAttrsToList (k: v: "${k} ${toString v}") {
+              "--database" = ''"${c.dbtype}"'';
+              # The following attributes are optional depending on the type of
+              # database.  Those that evaluate to null on the left hand side
+              # will be omitted.
+              ${if c.dbname != null then "--database-name" else null} = ''"${c.dbname}"'';
+              ${if c.dbhost != null then "--database-host" else null} = ''"${c.dbhost}"'';
+              ${if c.dbport != null then "--database-port" else null} = ''"${toString c.dbport}"'';
+              ${if c.dbuser != null then "--database-user" else null} = ''"${c.dbuser}"'';
+              ${if (any (x: x != null) [c.dbpass c.dbpassFile])
+                 then "--database-pass" else null} = dbpass;
+              ${if c.dbtableprefix != null
+                then "--database-table-prefix" else null} = ''"${toString c.dbtableprefix}"'';
+              "--admin-user" = ''"${c.adminuser}"'';
+              "--admin-pass" = adminpass;
+              "--data-dir" = ''"${cfg.home}/data"'';
+            });
+          in ''
+            ${occ}/bin/nextcloud-occ maintenance:install \
+                ${installFlags}
+          '';
+          occSetTrustedDomainsCmd = concatStringsSep "\n" (imap0
+            (i: v: ''
+              ${occ}/bin/nextcloud-occ config:system:set trusted_domains \
+                ${toString i} --value="${toString v}"
+            '') ([ cfg.hostName ] ++ cfg.config.extraTrustedDomains));
+
+        in {
+          wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+          before = [ "phpfpm-nextcloud.service" ];
+          script = ''
+            chmod og+x ${cfg.home}
+            ln -sf ${pkgs.nextcloud}/apps ${cfg.home}/
+            mkdir -p ${cfg.home}/config ${cfg.home}/data ${cfg.home}/store-apps
+            ln -sf ${overrideConfig} ${cfg.home}/config/override.config.php
+
+            chown -R nextcloud:nginx ${cfg.home}/config ${cfg.home}/data ${cfg.home}/store-apps
+
+            # Do not install if already installed
+            if [[ ! -e ${cfg.home}/config/config.php ]]; then
+              ${occInstallCmd}
+            fi
+
+            ${occ}/bin/nextcloud-occ upgrade
+
+            ${occ}/bin/nextcloud-occ config:system:delete trusted_domains
+            ${occSetTrustedDomainsCmd}
+          '';
+          serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+        };
+        "nextcloud-cron" = {
+          environment.NEXTCLOUD_CONFIG_DIR = "${cfg.home}/config";
+          serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+          serviceConfig.User = "nextcloud";
+          serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${pkgs.php}/bin/php -f ${pkgs.nextcloud}/cron.php";
+        };
+      };
+
+      services.phpfpm = {
+        phpOptions = phpOptionsExtensions;
+        phpPackage = pkgs.php71;
+        pools.nextcloud = let
+          phpAdminValues = (toKeyValue
+            (foldr (a: b: a // b) {}
+              (mapAttrsToList (k: v: { "php_admin_value[${k}]" = v; })
+                phpOptions)));
+        in {
+          listen = "/run/phpfpm/nextcloud";
+          extraConfig = ''
+            listen.owner = nginx
+            listen.group = nginx
+            user = nextcloud
+            group = nginx
+            ${cfg.poolConfig}
+            env[NEXTCLOUD_CONFIG_DIR] = ${cfg.home}/config
+            env[PATH] = /run/wrappers/bin:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/run/current-system/sw/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
+            ${phpAdminValues}
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+
+      users.extraUsers.nextcloud = {
+        home = "${cfg.home}";
+        group = "nginx";
+        createHome = true;
+      };
+
+      environment.systemPackages = [ occ ];
+    }
+
+    (mkIf cfg.nginx.enable {
+      services.nginx = {
+        enable = true;
+        virtualHosts = {
+          "${cfg.hostName}" = {
+            root = pkgs.nextcloud;
+            locations = {
+              "= /robots.txt" = {
+                priority = 100;
+                extraConfig = ''
+                  allow all;
+                  log_not_found off;
+                  access_log off;
+                '';
+              };
+              "/" = {
+                priority = 200;
+                extraConfig = "rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;";
+              };
+              "~ ^/store-apps" = {
+                priority = 201;
+                extraConfig = "root ${cfg.home};";
+              };
+              "= /.well-known/carddav" = {
+                priority = 210;
+                extraConfig = "return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;";
+              };
+              "= /.well-known/caldav" = {
+                priority = 210;
+                extraConfig = "return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;";
+              };
+              "~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/" = {
+                priority = 300;
+                extraConfig = "deny all;";
+              };
+              "~ ^/(?:\\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)" = {
+                priority = 300;
+                extraConfig = "deny all;";
+              };
+              "~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\\.php(?:$|/)" = {
+                priority = 500;
+                extraConfig = ''
+                  include ${pkgs.nginxMainline}/conf/fastcgi.conf;
+                  fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
+                  fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
+                  fastcgi_param HTTPS ${if cfg.https then "on" else "off"};
+                  fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
+                  fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
+                  fastcgi_pass unix:/run/phpfpm/nextcloud;
+                  fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
+                  fastcgi_request_buffering off;
+                  fastcgi_read_timeout 120s;
+                '';
+              };
+              "~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/)".extraConfig = ''
+                try_files $uri/ =404;
+                index index.php;
+              '';
+              "~ \\.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$".extraConfig = ''
+                try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
+                add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
+                add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
+                add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
+                add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
+                add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
+                add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
+                access_log off;
+              '';
+              "~ \\.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$".extraConfig = ''
+                try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
+                access_log off;
+              '';
+            };
+            extraConfig = ''
+              add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
+              add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
+              add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
+              add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
+              add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
+              error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
+              error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
+              client_max_body_size ${cfg.maxUploadSize};
+              fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
+              gzip on;
+              gzip_vary on;
+              gzip_comp_level 4;
+              gzip_min_length 256;
+              gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
+              gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
+
+              ${optionalString cfg.webfinger ''
+                rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
+                rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json last;
+              ''}
+            '';
+          };
+        };
+      };
+    })
+  ]);
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix
index 2b171aa1b2b2..90b35d19ea11 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/tt-rss.nix
@@ -624,7 +624,11 @@ let
     };
 
     users = optionalAttrs (cfg.user == "tt_rss") {
-      users.tt_rss.group = "tt_rss";
+      users.tt_rss = {
+        description = "tt-rss service user";
+        isSystemUser = true;
+        group = "tt_rss";
+      };
       groups.tt_rss = {};
     };
   };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
index b231ee5a3f01..508398f03ace 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
@@ -245,8 +245,8 @@ let
         }
       ''
   ) virtualHosts);
-  mkLocations = locations: concatStringsSep "\n" (mapAttrsToList (location: config: ''
-    location ${location} {
+  mkLocations = locations: concatStringsSep "\n" (map (config: ''
+    location ${config.location} {
       ${optionalString (config.proxyPass != null && !cfg.proxyResolveWhileRunning)
         "proxy_pass ${config.proxyPass};"
       }
@@ -266,7 +266,18 @@ let
       ${config.extraConfig}
       ${optionalString (config.proxyPass != null && cfg.recommendedProxySettings) "include ${recommendedProxyConfig};"}
     }
-  '') locations);
+  '') (sortProperties (mapAttrsToList (k: v: v // { location = k; }) locations)));
+  mkBasicAuth = vhostName: authDef: let
+    htpasswdFile = pkgs.writeText "${vhostName}.htpasswd" (
+      concatStringsSep "\n" (mapAttrsToList (user: password: ''
+        ${user}:{PLAIN}${password}
+      '') authDef)
+    );
+  in ''
+    auth_basic secured;
+    auth_basic_user_file ${htpasswdFile};
+  '';
+
   mkHtpasswd = vhostName: authDef: pkgs.writeText "${vhostName}.htpasswd" (
     concatStringsSep "\n" (mapAttrsToList (user: password: ''
       ${user}:{PLAIN}${password}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/location-options.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/location-options.nix
index 4c772734a749..9b44433d3845 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/location-options.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/location-options.nix
@@ -71,6 +71,16 @@ with lib;
         These lines go to the end of the location verbatim.
       '';
     };
+
+    priority = mkOption {
+      type = types.int;
+      default = 1000;
+      description = ''
+        Order of this location block in relation to the others in the vhost.
+        The semantics are the same as with `lib.mkOrder`. Smaller values have
+        a greater priority.
+      '';
+    };
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome3.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome3.nix
index eb86f7b53bb6..0d5b860d4617 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome3.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome3.nix
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ in {
 
     fonts.fonts = [ pkgs.dejavu_fonts pkgs.cantarell-fonts ];
 
-    services.xserver.displayManager.gdm.enable = mkDefault true;
     services.xserver.displayManager.extraSessionFilePackages = [ pkgs.gnome3.gnome-session ];
 
     services.xserver.displayManager.sessionCommands = ''
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix
index e759f69db897..704cc78c1528 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ in
       };
 
       security.wrappers = {
-        kcheckpass.source = "${lib.getBin plasma5.plasma-workspace}/lib/libexec/kcheckpass";
+        kcheckpass.source = "${lib.getBin plasma5.kscreenlocker}/lib/libexec/kcheckpass";
         "start_kdeinit".source = "${lib.getBin pkgs.kinit}/lib/libexec/kf5/start_kdeinit";
         kwin_wayland = {
           source = "${lib.getBin plasma5.kwin}/bin/kwin_wayland";
@@ -185,10 +185,8 @@ in
         target = "X11/xkb";
       };
 
-      environment.variables = {
-        # Enable GTK applications to load SVG icons
-        GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE = "${pkgs.librsvg.out}/lib/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache";
-      };
+      # Enable GTK applications to load SVG icons
+      services.xserver.gdk-pixbuf.modulePackages = [ pkgs.librsvg ];
 
       fonts.fonts = with pkgs; [ noto-fonts hack-font ];
       fonts.fontconfig.defaultFonts = {
@@ -225,11 +223,8 @@ in
       security.pam.services.sddm.enableKwallet = true;
       security.pam.services.slim.enableKwallet = true;
 
-      # Update the start menu for each user that has `isNormalUser` set.
-      system.activationScripts.plasmaSetup = stringAfter [ "users" "groups" ]
-        (concatStringsSep "\n"
-          (mapAttrsToList (name: value: "${pkgs.su}/bin/su ${name} -c ${pkgs.libsForQt5.kservice}/bin/kbuildsycoca5")
-            (filterAttrs (n: v: v.isNormalUser) config.users.users)));
+      # Update the start menu for each user that is currently logged in
+      system.userActivationScripts.plasmaSetup = "${pkgs.libsForQt5.kservice}/bin/kbuildsycoca5";
     })
   ];
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix
index 75b9a76e1924..dabf09418da7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix
@@ -101,10 +101,11 @@ in
     ];
 
     environment.variables = {
-      GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE = "${pkgs.librsvg.out}/lib/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache";
       GIO_EXTRA_MODULES = [ "${pkgs.xfce.gvfs}/lib/gio/modules" ];
     };
 
+    services.xserver.gdk-pixbuf.modulePackages = [ pkgs.librsvg ];
+
     services.xserver.desktopManager.session = [{
       name = "xfce";
       bgSupport = true;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix
index 357fa8ce8f36..26b79730dd38 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/default.nix
@@ -222,6 +222,17 @@ in
         description = "List of arguments for the X server.";
       };
 
+      setupCommands = mkOption {
+        type = types.lines;
+        default = "";
+        description = ''
+          Shell commands executed just after the X server has started.
+
+          This option is only effective for display managers for which this feature
+          is supported; currently these are LightDM, GDM and SDDM.
+        '';
+      };
+
       sessionCommands = mkOption {
         type = types.lines;
         default = "";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/gdm.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/gdm.nix
index a775dd0f0e04..6cc30b218f4a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/gdm.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/gdm.nix
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@ let
   cfg = config.services.xserver.displayManager;
   gdm = pkgs.gnome3.gdm;
 
+  xSessionWrapper = if (cfg.setupCommands == "") then null else
+    pkgs.writeScript "gdm-x-session-wrapper" ''
+      #!${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash
+      ${cfg.setupCommands}
+      exec "$@"
+    '';
+
 in
 
 {
@@ -112,6 +119,11 @@ in
           GDM_SESSIONS_DIR = "${cfg.session.desktops}/share/xsessions";
           # Find the mouse
           XCURSOR_PATH = "~/.icons:${pkgs.gnome3.adwaita-icon-theme}/share/icons";
+        } // optionalAttrs (xSessionWrapper != null) {
+          # Make GDM use this wrapper before running the session, which runs the
+          # configured setupCommands. This relies on a patched GDM which supports
+          # this environment variable.
+          GDM_X_SESSION_WRAPPER = "${xSessionWrapper}";
         };
         execCmd = "exec ${gdm}/bin/gdm";
       };
@@ -142,7 +154,10 @@ in
 
     systemd.user.services.dbus.wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
 
-    programs.dconf.profiles.gdm = "${gdm}/share/dconf/profile/gdm";
+    programs.dconf.profiles.gdm = pkgs.writeText "dconf-gdm-profile" ''
+      system-db:local
+      ${gdm}/share/dconf/profile/gdm
+    '';
 
     # Use AutomaticLogin if delay is zero, because it's immediate.
     # Otherwise with TimedLogin with zero seconds the prompt is still
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm-greeters/enso-os.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm-greeters/enso-os.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7c794b1ba175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm-greeters/enso-os.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+let
+  dmcfg = config.services.xserver.displayManager;
+  ldmcfg = dmcfg.lightdm;
+  cfg = ldmcfg.greeters.enso;
+
+  theme = cfg.theme.package;
+  icons = cfg.iconTheme.package;
+  cursors = cfg.cursorTheme.package;
+
+  # We need a few things in the environment for the greeter to run with
+  # fonts/icons.
+  wrappedEnsoGreeter = pkgs.runCommand "lightdm-enso-os-greeter"
+    { buildInputs = [ pkgs.makeWrapper ]; }
+    ''
+      # This wrapper ensures that we actually get themes
+      makeWrapper ${pkgs.lightdm-enso-os-greeter}/bin/pantheon-greeter \
+        $out/greeter \
+        --prefix PATH : "${pkgs.glibc.bin}/bin" \
+        --set GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE "${pkgs.librsvg.out}/lib/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache" \
+        --set GTK_PATH "${theme}:${pkgs.gtk3.out}" \
+        --set GTK_EXE_PREFIX "${theme}" \
+        --set GTK_DATA_PREFIX "${theme}" \
+        --set XDG_DATA_DIRS "${theme}/share:${icons}/share:${cursors}/share" \
+        --set XDG_CONFIG_HOME "${theme}/share"
+
+      cat - > $out/lightdm-enso-os-greeter.desktop << EOF
+      [Desktop Entry]
+      Name=LightDM Greeter
+      Comment=This runs the LightDM Greeter
+      Exec=$out/greeter
+      Type=Application
+      EOF
+    '';
+
+  ensoGreeterConf = pkgs.writeText "lightdm-enso-os-greeter.conf" ''
+    [greeter]
+    default-wallpaper=${ldmcfg.background}
+    gtk-theme=${cfg.theme.name}
+    icon-theme=${cfg.iconTheme.name}
+    cursor-theme=${cfg.cursorTheme.name}
+    blur=${toString cfg.blur}
+    brightness=${toString cfg.brightness}
+    ${cfg.extraConfig}
+  '';
+in {
+  options = {
+    services.xserver.displayManager.lightdm.greeters.enso = {
+      enable = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          Whether to enable enso-os-greeter as the lightdm greeter
+        '';
+      };
+
+      theme = {
+        package = mkOption {
+          type = types.package;
+          default = pkgs.gnome3.gnome-themes-extra;
+          defaultText = "pkgs.gnome3.gnome-themes-extra";
+          description = ''
+            The package path that contains the theme given in the name option.
+          '';
+        };
+
+        name = mkOption {
+          type = types.str;
+          default = "Adwaita";
+          description = ''
+            Name of the theme to use for the lightdm-enso-os-greeter
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+
+      iconTheme = {
+        package = mkOption {
+          type = types.package;
+          default = pkgs.papirus-icon-theme;
+          defaultText = "pkgs.papirus-icon-theme";
+          description = ''
+            The package path that contains the icon theme given in the name option.
+          '';
+        };
+
+        name = mkOption {
+          type = types.str;
+          default = "ePapirus";
+          description = ''
+            Name of the icon theme to use for the lightdm-enso-os-greeter
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+
+      cursorTheme = {
+        package = mkOption {
+          type = types.package;
+          default = pkgs.capitaine-cursors;
+          defaultText = "pkgs.capitaine-cursors";
+          description = ''
+            The package path that contains the cursor theme given in the name option.
+          '';
+        };
+
+        name = mkOption {
+          type = types.str;
+          default = "capitane-cursors";
+          description = ''
+            Name of the cursor theme to use for the lightdm-enso-os-greeter
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+
+      blur = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          Whether or not to enable blur
+        '';
+      };
+
+      brightness = mkOption {
+        type = types.int;
+        default = 7;
+        description = ''
+          Brightness
+        '';
+      };
+
+      extraConfig = mkOption {
+        type = types.lines;
+        default = "";
+        description = ''
+          Extra configuration that should be put in the greeter.conf
+          configuration file
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf (ldmcfg.enable && cfg.enable) {
+    environment.etc."lightdm/greeter.conf".source = ensoGreeterConf;
+
+    services.xserver.displayManager.lightdm = {
+      greeter = mkDefault {
+        package = wrappedEnsoGreeter;
+        name = "lightdm-enso-os-greeter";
+      };
+
+      greeters = {
+        gtk = {
+          enable = mkDefault false;
+        };
+      };
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm.nix
index 8078b93a7574..a685dbfff2a0 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm.nix
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ let
         greeters-directory = ${cfg.greeter.package}
       ''}
       sessions-directory = ${dmcfg.session.desktops}/share/xsessions
+      ${cfg.extraConfig}
 
       [Seat:*]
       xserver-command = ${xserverWrapper}
@@ -61,6 +62,12 @@ let
       ${optionalString hasDefaultUserSession ''
         user-session=${defaultSessionName}
       ''}
+      ${optionalString (dmcfg.setupCommands != "") ''
+        display-setup-script=${pkgs.writeScript "lightdm-display-setup" ''
+          #!${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash
+          ${dmcfg.setupCommands}
+        ''}
+      ''}
       ${cfg.extraSeatDefaults}
     '';
 
@@ -73,6 +80,7 @@ in
   imports = [
     ./lightdm-greeters/gtk.nix
     ./lightdm-greeters/mini.nix
+    ./lightdm-greeters/enso-os.nix
   ];
 
   options = {
@@ -113,6 +121,15 @@ in
         };
       };
 
+      extraConfig = mkOption {
+        type = types.lines;
+        default = "";
+        example = ''
+          user-authority-in-system-dir = true
+        '';
+        description = "Extra lines to append to LightDM section.";
+      };
+
       background = mkOption {
         type = types.str;
         default = "${pkgs.nixos-artwork.wallpapers.simple-dark-gray-bottom}/share/artwork/gnome/nix-wallpaper-simple-dark-gray_bottom.png";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix
index 2a9826177737..522a0dc92d6f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ let
   Xsetup = pkgs.writeScript "Xsetup" ''
     #!/bin/sh
     ${cfg.setupScript}
+    ${dmcfg.setupCommands}
   '';
 
   Xstop = pkgs.writeScript "Xstop" ''
@@ -137,7 +138,8 @@ in
           xrandr --auto
         '';
         description = ''
-          A script to execute when starting the display server.
+          A script to execute when starting the display server. DEPRECATED, please
+          use <option>services.xserver.displayManager.setupCommands</option>.
         '';
       };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/startx.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/startx.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..15609540a6e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/startx.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+
+  cfg = config.services.xserver.displayManager.startx;
+
+in
+
+{
+
+  ###### interface
+
+  options = {
+    services.xserver.displayManager.startx = {
+      enable = mkOption {
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          Whether to enable the dummy "startx" pseudo-display manager,
+          which allows users to start X manually via the "startx" command
+          from a vt shell. The X server runs under the user's id, not as root.
+          The user must provide a ~/.xinintrc file containing session startup
+          commands, see startx(1). This is not autmatically generated
+          from the desktopManager and windowManager settings.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+
+  ###### implementation
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    services.xserver = {
+      exportConfiguration = true;
+      displayManager.job.execCmd = "";
+      displayManager.lightdm.enable = lib.mkForce false;
+    };
+    systemd.services.display-manager.enable = false;
+    environment.systemPackages =  with pkgs; [ xorg.xinit ];
+  };
+
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/gdk-pixbuf.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/gdk-pixbuf.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..58faa8e2f9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/gdk-pixbuf.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.xserver.gdk-pixbuf;
+
+  # Get packages to generate the cache for. We always include gdk_pixbuf.
+  effectivePackages = unique ([pkgs.gdk_pixbuf] ++ cfg.modulePackages);
+
+  # Generate the cache file by running gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders for each
+  # package and concatenating the results.
+  loadersCache = pkgs.runCommand "gdk-pixbuf-loaders.cache" {} ''
+    (
+      for package in ${concatStringsSep " " effectivePackages}; do
+        module_dir="$package/${pkgs.gdk_pixbuf.moduleDir}"
+        if [[ ! -d $module_dir ]]; then
+          echo "Warning (services.xserver.gdk-pixbuf): missing module directory $module_dir" 1>&2
+          continue
+        fi
+        GDK_PIXBUF_MODULEDIR="$module_dir" \
+          ${pkgs.gdk_pixbuf.dev}/bin/gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders
+      done
+    ) > "$out"
+  '';
+in
+
+{
+  options = {
+    services.xserver.gdk-pixbuf.modulePackages = mkOption {
+      type = types.listOf types.package;
+      default = [ ];
+      description = "Packages providing GDK-Pixbuf modules, for cache generation.";
+    };
+  };
+
+  # If there is any package configured in modulePackages, we generate the
+  # loaders.cache based on that and set the environment variable
+  # GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE to point to it.
+  config = mkIf (cfg.modulePackages != []) {
+    environment.variables = {
+      GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE = "${loadersCache}";
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/xserver.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/xserver.nix
index 75bfeaac1fa3..297e36311656 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/xserver.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/xserver.nix
@@ -374,6 +374,12 @@ in
         description = "Contents of the first Monitor section of the X server configuration file.";
       };
 
+      extraConfig = mkOption {
+        type = types.lines;
+        default = "";
+        description = "Additional contents (sections) included in the X server configuration file";
+      };
+
       xrandrHeads = mkOption {
         default = [];
         example = [
@@ -754,6 +760,7 @@ in
             Driver "${driver.driverName or driver.name}"
             ${if cfg.useGlamor then ''Option "AccelMethod" "glamor"'' else ""}
             ${cfg.deviceSection}
+            ${driver.deviceSection or ""}
             ${xrandrDeviceSection}
           EndSection
 
@@ -765,6 +772,7 @@ in
             ''}
 
             ${cfg.screenSection}
+            ${driver.screenSection or ""}
 
             ${optionalString (cfg.defaultDepth != 0) ''
               DefaultDepth ${toString cfg.defaultDepth}
@@ -794,6 +802,8 @@ in
         '')}
 
         ${xrandrMonitorSections}
+
+        ${cfg.extraConfig}
       '';
 
     fonts.enableDefaultFonts = mkDefault true;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/activation/activation-script.nix b/nixos/modules/system/activation/activation-script.nix
index 93a1b13a81dd..b1eaf0189562 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/activation/activation-script.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/activation/activation-script.nix
@@ -100,6 +100,52 @@ in
             exit $_status
           '';
       };
+    };
+
+    system.userActivationScripts = mkOption {
+      default = {};
+
+      example = literalExample ''
+        { plasmaSetup = {
+            text = '''
+              ${pkgs.libsForQt5.kservice}/bin/kbuildsycoca5"
+            ''';
+            deps = [];
+          };
+        }
+      '';
+
+      description = ''
+        A set of shell script fragments that are executed by a systemd user
+        service when a NixOS system configuration is activated. Examples are
+        rebuilding the .desktop file cache for showing applications in the menu.
+        Since these are executed every time you run
+        <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, it's important that they are
+        idempotent and fast.
+      '';
+
+      type = types.attrsOf types.unspecified;
+
+      apply = set: {
+        script = ''
+          unset PATH
+          for i in ${toString path}; do
+            PATH=$PATH:$i/bin:$i/sbin
+          done
+
+          _status=0
+          trap "_status=1 _localstatus=\$?" ERR
+
+          ${
+            let
+              set' = mapAttrs (n: v: if isString v then noDepEntry v else v) set;
+              withHeadlines = addAttributeName set';
+            in textClosureMap id (withHeadlines) (attrNames withHeadlines)
+          }
+
+          exit $_status
+        '';
+      };
 
     };
 
@@ -128,14 +174,6 @@ in
       ''
         # Various log/runtime directories.
 
-        mkdir -m 0755 -p /run/nix/current-load # for distributed builds
-        mkdir -m 0700 -p /run/nix/remote-stores
-
-        mkdir -m 0755 -p /var/log
-
-        touch /var/log/wtmp /var/log/lastlog # must exist
-        chmod 644 /var/log/wtmp /var/log/lastlog
-
         mkdir -m 1777 -p /var/tmp
 
         # Empty, immutable home directory of many system accounts.
@@ -177,6 +215,14 @@ in
         source ${config.system.build.earlyMountScript}
       '';
 
+    systemd.user = {
+      services.nixos-activation = {
+        description = "Run user specific NixOS activation";
+        script = config.system.userActivationScripts.script;
+        unitConfig.ConditionUser = "!@system";
+        serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+      };
+    };
   };
 
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/activation/switch-to-configuration.pl b/nixos/modules/system/activation/switch-to-configuration.pl
index c3e469e4b8a1..397b308b7311 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/activation/switch-to-configuration.pl
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/activation/switch-to-configuration.pl
@@ -419,7 +419,8 @@ while (my $f = <$listActiveUsers>) {
     my ($uid, $name) = ($+{uid}, $+{user});
     print STDERR "reloading user units for $name...\n";
 
-    system("su", "-s", "@shell@", "-l", $name, "-c", "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$uid @systemd@/bin/systemctl --user daemon-reload");
+    system("@su@", "-s", "@shell@", "-l", $name, "-c", "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$uid @systemd@/bin/systemctl --user daemon-reload");
+    system("@su@", "-s", "@shell@", "-l", $name, "-c", "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$uid @systemd@/bin/systemctl --user start nixos-activation.service");
 }
 
 close $listActiveUsers;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix b/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix
index 413543df88c6..a560af5ce96d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ let
     inherit (pkgs) utillinux coreutils;
     systemd = config.systemd.package;
     shell = "${pkgs.bash}/bin/sh";
+    su = "${pkgs.shadow.su}/bin/su";
 
     inherit children;
     kernelParams = config.boot.kernelParams;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-network.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-network.nix
index 384ae909b701..dd0ea69e9685 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-network.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-network.nix
@@ -6,11 +6,22 @@ let
 
   cfg = config.boot.initrd.network;
 
+  dhcpinterfaces = lib.attrNames (lib.filterAttrs (iface: v: v.useDHCP == true) (config.networking.interfaces or {}));
+
   udhcpcScript = pkgs.writeScript "udhcp-script"
     ''
       #! /bin/sh
       if [ "$1" = bound ]; then
         ip address add "$ip/$mask" dev "$interface"
+        if [ -n "$mtu" ]; then
+          ip link set mtu "$mtu" dev "$interface"
+        fi
+        if [ -n "$staticroutes" ]; then
+          echo "$staticroutes" \
+            | sed -r "s@(\S+) (\S+)@ ip route add \"\1\" via \"\2\" dev \"$interface\" ; @g" \
+            | sed -r "s@ via \"0\.0\.0\.0\"@@g" \
+            | /bin/sh
+        fi
         if [ -n "$router" ]; then
           ip route add "$router" dev "$interface" # just in case if "$router" is not within "$ip/$mask" (e.g. Hetzner Cloud)
           ip route add default via "$router" dev "$interface"
@@ -93,18 +104,24 @@ in
       ''
 
       # Otherwise, use DHCP.
-      + optionalString config.networking.useDHCP ''
+      + optionalString (config.networking.useDHCP || dhcpinterfaces != []) ''
         if [ -z "$hasNetwork" ]; then
 
           # Bring up all interfaces.
-          for iface in $(cd /sys/class/net && ls); do
+          for iface in $(ls /sys/class/net/); do
             echo "bringing up network interface $iface..."
             ip link set "$iface" up
           done
 
-          # Acquire a DHCP lease.
-          echo "acquiring IP address via DHCP..."
-          udhcpc --quit --now --script ${udhcpcScript} ${udhcpcArgs} && hasNetwork=1
+          # Acquire DHCP leases.
+          for iface in ${ if config.networking.useDHCP then
+                            "$(ls /sys/class/net/ | grep -v ^lo$)"
+                          else
+                            lib.concatMapStringsSep " " lib.escapeShellArg dhcpinterfaces
+                        }; do
+            echo "acquiring IP address via DHCP on $iface..."
+            udhcpc --quit --now -i $iface -O staticroutes --script ${udhcpcScript} ${udhcpcArgs} && hasNetwork=1
+          done
         fi
       ''
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix
index 1079089bc5a8..018e7b2e7f89 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix
@@ -7,19 +7,19 @@ let
 
   commonFunctions = ''
     die() {
-      echo "$@" >&2
-      exit 1
+        echo "$@" >&2
+        exit 1
     }
 
     dev_exist() {
-      local target="$1"
-      if [ -e $target ]; then
-        return 0
-      else
-        local uuid=$(echo -n $target | sed -e 's,UUID=\(.*\),\1,g')
-        local dev=$(blkid --uuid $uuid)
-        return $?
-      fi
+        local target="$1"
+        if [ -e $target ]; then
+            return 0
+        else
+            local uuid=$(echo -n $target | sed -e 's,UUID=\(.*\),\1,g')
+            blkid --uuid $uuid >/dev/null
+            return $?
+        fi
     }
 
     wait_target() {
@@ -51,30 +51,30 @@ let
     }
 
     wait_yubikey() {
-      local secs="''${1:-10}"
-
-      ykinfo -v 1>/dev/null 2>&1
-      if [ $? != 0 ]; then
-          echo -n "Waiting $secs seconds for Yubikey to appear..."
-          local success=false
-          for try in $(seq $secs); do
-              echo -n .
-              sleep 1
-              ykinfo -v 1>/dev/null 2>&1
-              if [ $? == 0 ]; then
-                  success=true
-                  break
-              fi
-          done
-          if [ $success == true ]; then
-              echo " - success";
-              return 0
-          else
-              echo " - failure";
-              return 1
-          fi
-      fi
-      return 0
+        local secs="''${1:-10}"
+
+        ykinfo -v 1>/dev/null 2>&1
+        if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+            echo -n "Waiting $secs seconds for Yubikey to appear..."
+            local success=false
+            for try in $(seq $secs); do
+                echo -n .
+                sleep 1
+                ykinfo -v 1>/dev/null 2>&1
+                if [ $? == 0 ]; then
+                    success=true
+                    break
+                fi
+            done
+            if [ $success == true ]; then
+                echo " - success";
+                return 0
+            else
+                echo " - failure";
+                return 1
+            fi
+        fi
+        return 0
     }
   '';
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix
index f58b68cb3353..f4cf9753c0a1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix
@@ -251,9 +251,9 @@ let
     postInstall = ''
       echo checking syntax
       # check both with bash
-      ${pkgs.bash}/bin/sh -n $target
+      ${pkgs.buildPackages.bash}/bin/sh -n $target
       # and with ash shell, just in case
-      ${extraUtils}/bin/ash -n $target
+      ${pkgs.buildPackages.busybox}/bin/ash -n $target
     '';
 
     inherit udevRules extraUtils modulesClosure;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh
index 49764b75a557..03daafa1ce4f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-2-init.sh
@@ -152,6 +152,14 @@ ln -sfn /run/booted-system /nix/var/nix/gcroots/booted-system
 @shell@ @postBootCommands@
 
 
+# Ensure systemd doesn't try to populate /etc, by forcing its first-boot
+# heuristic off. It doesn't matter what's in /etc/machine-id for this purpose,
+# and systemd will immediately fill in the file when it starts, so just
+# creating it is enough. This `: >>` pattern avoids forking and avoids changing
+# the mtime if the file already exists.
+: >> /etc/machine-id
+
+
 # Reset the logging file descriptors.
 exec 1>&$logOutFd 2>&$logErrFd
 exec {logOutFd}>&- {logErrFd}>&-
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-lib.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-lib.nix
index 9c8d4a026b4a..68a40377ee13 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-lib.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-lib.nix
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ in rec {
 
   assertValueOneOf = name: values: group: attr:
     optional (attr ? ${name} && !elem attr.${name} values)
-      "Systemd ${group} field `${name}' cannot have value `${attr.${name}}'.";
+      "Systemd ${group} field `${name}' cannot have value `${toString attr.${name}}'.";
 
   assertHasField = name: group: attr:
     optional (!(attr ? ${name}))
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-unit-options.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-unit-options.nix
index 2cff25a8c854..5f2bec5c34ae 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-unit-options.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-unit-options.nix
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ in rec {
         Each attribute in this set specifies an option in the
         <literal>[Timer]</literal> section of the unit.  See
         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle>
-        <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> and
+        <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and
         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle>
         <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
       '';
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
index 3ac4c02b61f5..a1412bc32904 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
@@ -747,6 +747,7 @@ in
 
       "systemd/journald.conf".text = ''
         [Journal]
+        Storage=persistent
         RateLimitInterval=${config.services.journald.rateLimitInterval}
         RateLimitBurst=${toString config.services.journald.rateLimitBurst}
         ${optionalString (config.services.journald.console != "") ''
@@ -783,19 +784,6 @@ in
 
     services.dbus.enable = true;
 
-    system.activationScripts.systemd = stringAfter [ "groups" ]
-      ''
-        mkdir -m 0755 -p /var/lib/udev
-
-        if ! [ -e /etc/machine-id ]; then
-          ${systemd}/bin/systemd-machine-id-setup
-        fi
-
-        # Keep a persistent journal. Note that systemd-tmpfiles will
-        # set proper ownership/permissions.
-        mkdir -m 0700 -p /var/log/journal
-      '';
-
     users.users.systemd-network.uid = config.ids.uids.systemd-network;
     users.groups.systemd-network.gid = config.ids.gids.systemd-network;
     users.users.systemd-resolve.uid = config.ids.uids.systemd-resolve;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces-scripted.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces-scripted.nix
index af61c95da0af..93dfefdce902 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces-scripted.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces-scripted.nix
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ let
             after = [ "network-pre.target" "systemd-udevd.service" "systemd-sysctl.service" ];
             before = [ "network.target" "shutdown.target" ];
             wants = [ "network.target" ];
-            partOf = map (i: "network-addresses-${i.name}.service") interfaces;
+            # exclude bridges from the partOf relationship to fix container networking bug #47210
+            partOf = map (i: "network-addresses-${i.name}.service") (filter (i: !(hasAttr i.name cfg.bridges)) interfaces);
             conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
             wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ] ++ optional hasDefaultGatewaySet "network-online.target";
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/container-config.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/container-config.nix
index 5e368acd6d8b..561db7cabcfb 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/container-config.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/container-config.nix
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ with lib;
     # Not supported in systemd-nspawn containers.
     security.audit.enable = false;
 
+    # Make sure that root user in container will talk to host nix-daemon
+    environment.etc."profile".text = ''
+    export NIX_REMOTE=daemon
+    '';
+
+
+
   };
 
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/hyperv-guest.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/hyperv-guest.nix
index ecd2a8117710..0f1f052880c5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/hyperv-guest.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/hyperv-guest.nix
@@ -9,20 +9,47 @@ in {
   options = {
     virtualisation.hypervGuest = {
       enable = mkEnableOption "Hyper-V Guest Support";
+
+      videoMode = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        default = "1152x864";
+        example = "1024x768";
+        description = ''
+          Resolution at which to initialize the video adapter.
+
+          Supports screen resolution up to Full HD 1920x1080 with 32 bit color
+          on Windows Server 2012, and 1600x1200 with 16 bit color on Windows
+          Server 2008 R2 or earlier.
+        '';
+      };
     };
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    boot = {
+      initrd.kernelModules = [
+        "hv_balloon" "hv_netvsc" "hv_storvsc" "hv_utils" "hv_vmbus"
+      ];
+
+      kernelParams = [
+        "video=hyperv_fb:${cfg.videoMode}"
+      ];
+    };
+
     environment.systemPackages = [ config.boot.kernelPackages.hyperv-daemons.bin ];
 
     security.rngd.enable = false;
 
-    # enable hotadding memory
+    # enable hotadding cpu/memory
     services.udev.packages = lib.singleton (pkgs.writeTextFile {
-      name = "hyperv-memory-hotadd-udev-rules";
-      destination = "/etc/udev/rules.d/99-hyperv-memory-hotadd.rules";
+      name = "hyperv-cpu-and-memory-hotadd-udev-rules";
+      destination = "/etc/udev/rules.d/99-hyperv-cpu-and-memory-hotadd.rules";
       text = ''
-        ACTION="add", SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ATTR{state}="online"
+        # Memory hotadd
+        SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/system/memory/memory[0-9]*", TEST=="state", ATTR{state}="online"
+
+        # CPU hotadd
+        SUBSYSTEM=="cpu", ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*", TEST=="online", ATTR{online}="1"
       '';
     });
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-guest-agent.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-guest-agent.nix
index e0d2b3dc509d..665224e35d8c 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-guest-agent.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-guest-agent.nix
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ in {
       systemd.services.qemu-guest-agent = {
         description = "Run the QEMU Guest Agent";
         serviceConfig = {
-          ExecStart = "${pkgs.kvm.ga}/bin/qemu-ga";
+          ExecStart = "${pkgs.qemu.ga}/bin/qemu-ga";
           Restart = "always";
           RestartSec = 0;
         };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/xe-guest-utilities.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/xe-guest-utilities.nix
index d703353858c0..675cf9297371 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/xe-guest-utilities.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/xe-guest-utilities.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ let
 in {
   options = {
     services.xe-guest-utilities = {
-      enable = mkEnableOption "Whether to enable the Xen guest utilities daemon.";
+      enable = mkEnableOption "the Xen guest utilities daemon";
     };
   };
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
diff --git a/nixos/release.nix b/nixos/release.nix
index e53ebff9b6dc..5412080cca18 100644
--- a/nixos/release.nix
+++ b/nixos/release.nix
@@ -250,13 +250,14 @@ in rec {
   tests.acme = callTest tests/acme.nix {};
   tests.avahi = callTest tests/avahi.nix {};
   tests.beegfs = callTest tests/beegfs.nix {};
+  tests.upnp = callTest tests/upnp.nix {};
   tests.bittorrent = callTest tests/bittorrent.nix {};
   tests.bind = callTest tests/bind.nix {};
   #tests.blivet = callTest tests/blivet.nix {};   # broken since 2017-07024
   tests.boot = callSubTests tests/boot.nix {};
   tests.boot-stage1 = callTest tests/boot-stage1.nix {};
   tests.borgbackup = callTest tests/borgbackup.nix {};
-  tests.buildbot = callTest tests/buildbot.nix {};
+  tests.buildbot = callSubTests tests/buildbot.nix {};
   tests.cadvisor = callTestOnMatchingSystems ["x86_64-linux"] tests/cadvisor.nix {};
   tests.ceph = callTestOnMatchingSystems ["x86_64-linux"] tests/ceph.nix {};
   tests.certmgr = callSubTests tests/certmgr.nix {};
@@ -362,6 +363,7 @@ in rec {
   tests.netdata = callTest tests/netdata.nix { };
   tests.networking.networkd = callSubTests tests/networking.nix { networkd = true; };
   tests.networking.scripted = callSubTests tests/networking.nix { networkd = false; };
+  tests.nextcloud = callSubTests tests/nextcloud { };
   # TODO: put in networking.nix after the test becomes more complete
   tests.networkingProxy = callTest tests/networking-proxy.nix {};
   tests.nexus = callTest tests/nexus.nix { };
@@ -388,12 +390,14 @@ in rec {
   tests.predictable-interface-names = callSubTests tests/predictable-interface-names.nix {};
   tests.printing = callTest tests/printing.nix {};
   tests.prometheus = callTest tests/prometheus.nix {};
+  tests.prometheus-exporters = callTest tests/prometheus-exporters.nix {};
   tests.prosody = callTest tests/prosody.nix {};
   tests.proxy = callTest tests/proxy.nix {};
   tests.quagga = callTest tests/quagga.nix {};
   tests.quake3 = callTest tests/quake3.nix {};
   tests.rabbitmq = callTest tests/rabbitmq.nix {};
   tests.radicale = callTest tests/radicale.nix {};
+  tests.redmine = callTest tests/redmine.nix {};
   tests.rspamd = callSubTests tests/rspamd.nix {};
   tests.runInMachine = callTest tests/run-in-machine.nix {};
   tests.rxe = callTest tests/rxe.nix {};
diff --git a/nixos/tests/bittorrent.nix b/nixos/tests/bittorrent.nix
index 609b1ff7a83a..8977be9b859f 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/bittorrent.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/bittorrent.nix
@@ -13,57 +13,95 @@ let
   # Some random file to serve.
   file = pkgs.hello.src;
 
-  miniupnpdConf = nodes: pkgs.writeText "miniupnpd.conf"
-    ''
-      ext_ifname=eth1
-      listening_ip=${(pkgs.lib.head nodes.router.config.networking.interfaces.eth2.ipv4.addresses).address}/24
-      allow 1024-65535 192.168.2.0/24 1024-65535
-    '';
-
+  internalRouterAddress = "192.168.3.1";
+  internalClient1Address = "192.168.3.2";
+  externalRouterAddress = "80.100.100.1";
+  externalClient2Address = "80.100.100.2";
+  externalTrackerAddress = "80.100.100.3";
 in
 
 {
   name = "bittorrent";
   meta = with pkgs.stdenv.lib.maintainers; {
-    maintainers = [ domenkozar eelco chaoflow rob wkennington ];
+    maintainers = [ domenkozar eelco chaoflow rob wkennington bobvanderlinden ];
   };
 
   nodes =
     { tracker =
         { pkgs, ... }:
-        { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.transmission pkgs.opentracker ];
+        { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.transmission ];
+
+          virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 ];
+          networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = externalTrackerAddress; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
 
           # We need Apache on the tracker to serve the torrents.
           services.httpd.enable = true;
           services.httpd.adminAddr = "foo@example.org";
           services.httpd.documentRoot = "/tmp";
 
-          networking.firewall.enable = false; # FIXME: figure out what ports we actually need
+          networking.firewall.enable = false;
+
+          services.opentracker.enable = true;
+
+          services.transmission.enable = true;
+          services.transmission.settings.dht-enabled = false;
+          services.transmission.settings.port-forwaring-enabled = false;
         };
 
       router =
-        { pkgs, ... }:
-        { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.miniupnpd ];
-          virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 2 ];
+        { pkgs, nodes, ... }:
+        { virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 2 ];
           networking.nat.enable = true;
           networking.nat.internalInterfaces = [ "eth2" ];
           networking.nat.externalInterface = "eth1";
-          networking.firewall.enable = false;
+          networking.firewall.enable = true;
+          networking.firewall.trustedInterfaces = [ "eth2" ];
+          networking.interfaces.eth0.ipv4.addresses = [];
+          networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = externalRouterAddress; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
+          networking.interfaces.eth2.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = internalRouterAddress; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
+          services.miniupnpd = {
+            enable = true;
+            externalInterface = "eth1";
+            internalIPs = [ "eth2" ];
+            appendConfig = ''
+              ext_ip=${externalRouterAddress}
+            '';
+          };
         };
 
       client1 =
         { pkgs, nodes, ... }:
-        { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.transmission ];
+        { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.transmission pkgs.miniupnpc ];
           virtualisation.vlans = [ 2 ];
-          networking.defaultGateway =
-            (pkgs.lib.head nodes.router.config.networking.interfaces.eth2.ipv4.addresses).address;
+          networking.interfaces.eth0.ipv4.addresses = [];
+          networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = internalClient1Address; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
+          networking.defaultGateway = internalRouterAddress;
           networking.firewall.enable = false;
+          services.transmission.enable = true;
+          services.transmission.settings.dht-enabled = false;
+          services.transmission.settings.message-level = 3;
         };
 
       client2 =
         { pkgs, ... }:
         { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.transmission ];
+          virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 ];
+          networking.interfaces.eth0.ipv4.addresses = [];
+          networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = externalClient2Address; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
           networking.firewall.enable = false;
+          services.transmission.enable = true;
+          services.transmission.settings.dht-enabled = false;
+          services.transmission.settings.port-forwaring-enabled = false;
         };
     };
 
@@ -72,43 +110,38 @@ in
     ''
       startAll;
 
-      # Enable NAT on the router and start miniupnpd.
-      $router->waitForUnit("nat");
-      $router->succeed(
-          "iptables -w -t nat -N MINIUPNPD",
-          "iptables -w -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -j MINIUPNPD",
-          "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward",
-          "miniupnpd -f ${miniupnpdConf nodes}"
-      );
+      # Wait for network and miniupnpd.
+      $router->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+      $router->waitForUnit("miniupnpd");
 
       # Create the torrent.
       $tracker->succeed("mkdir /tmp/data");
       $tracker->succeed("cp ${file} /tmp/data/test.tar.bz2");
-      $tracker->succeed("transmission-create /tmp/data/test.tar.bz2 -p -t http://${(pkgs.lib.head nodes.tracker.config.networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses).address}:6969/announce -o /tmp/test.torrent");
+      $tracker->succeed("transmission-create /tmp/data/test.tar.bz2 --private --tracker http://${externalTrackerAddress}:6969/announce --outfile /tmp/test.torrent");
       $tracker->succeed("chmod 644 /tmp/test.torrent");
 
       # Start the tracker.  !!! use a less crappy tracker
-      $tracker->waitForUnit("network.target");
-      $tracker->succeed("opentracker -p 6969 >&2 &");
+      $tracker->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+      $tracker->waitForUnit("opentracker.service");
       $tracker->waitForOpenPort(6969);
 
       # Start the initial seeder.
-      my $pid = $tracker->succeed("transmission-cli /tmp/test.torrent -M -w /tmp/data >&2 & echo \$!");
+      $tracker->succeed("transmission-remote --add /tmp/test.torrent --no-portmap --no-dht --download-dir /tmp/data");
 
       # Now we should be able to download from the client behind the NAT.
       $tracker->waitForUnit("httpd");
-      $client1->waitForUnit("network.target");
-      $client1->succeed("transmission-cli http://tracker/test.torrent -w /tmp >&2 &");
+      $client1->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+      $client1->succeed("transmission-remote --add http://${externalTrackerAddress}/test.torrent --download-dir /tmp >&2 &");
       $client1->waitForFile("/tmp/test.tar.bz2");
       $client1->succeed("cmp /tmp/test.tar.bz2 ${file}");
 
       # Bring down the initial seeder.
-      $tracker->succeed("kill -9 $pid");
+      # $tracker->stopJob("transmission");
 
       # Now download from the second client.  This can only succeed if
       # the first client created a NAT hole in the router.
-      $client2->waitForUnit("network.target");
-      $client2->succeed("transmission-cli http://tracker/test.torrent -M -w /tmp >&2 &");
+      $client2->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+      $client2->succeed("transmission-remote --add http://${externalTrackerAddress}/test.torrent --no-portmap --no-dht --download-dir /tmp >&2 &");
       $client2->waitForFile("/tmp/test.tar.bz2");
       $client2->succeed("cmp /tmp/test.tar.bz2 ${file}");
     '';
diff --git a/nixos/tests/buildbot.nix b/nixos/tests/buildbot.nix
index cf408dc7fec9..399fd39005e2 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/buildbot.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/buildbot.nix
@@ -1,111 +1,117 @@
-# Test ensures buildbot master comes up correctly and workers can connect
-
-import ./make-test.nix ({ pkgs, ... } : {
-  name = "buildbot";
-
-  nodes = {
-    bbmaster = { pkgs, ... }: {
-      services.buildbot-master = {
-        enable = true;
-        package = pkgs.buildbot-full;
-
-        # NOTE: use fake repo due to no internet in hydra ci
-        factorySteps = [
-          "steps.Git(repourl='git://gitrepo/fakerepo.git', mode='incremental')"
-          "steps.ShellCommand(command=['bash', 'fakerepo.sh'])"
-        ];
-        changeSource = [
-          "changes.GitPoller('git://gitrepo/fakerepo.git', workdir='gitpoller-workdir', branch='master', pollinterval=300)"
-        ];
+{ system ? builtins.currentSystem }:
+
+with import ../lib/testing.nix { inherit system; };
+
+let
+  # Test ensures buildbot master comes up correctly and workers can connect
+  mkBuildbotTest = python: makeTest {
+    name = "buildbot";
+
+    nodes = {
+      bbmaster = { pkgs, ... }: {
+        services.buildbot-master = {
+          enable = true;
+          package = python.pkgs.buildbot-full;
+
+          # NOTE: use fake repo due to no internet in hydra ci
+          factorySteps = [
+            "steps.Git(repourl='git://gitrepo/fakerepo.git', mode='incremental')"
+            "steps.ShellCommand(command=['bash', 'fakerepo.sh'])"
+          ];
+          changeSource = [
+            "changes.GitPoller('git://gitrepo/fakerepo.git', workdir='gitpoller-workdir', branch='master', pollinterval=300)"
+          ];
+        };
+        networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 8010 8011 9989 ];
+        environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git python.pkgs.buildbot-full ];
       };
-      networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 8010 8011 9989 ];
-      environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git buildbot-full ];
-    };
 
-    bbworker = { pkgs, ... }: {
-      services.buildbot-worker = {
-        enable = true;
-        masterUrl = "bbmaster:9989";
+      bbworker = { pkgs, ... }: {
+        services.buildbot-worker = {
+          enable = true;
+          masterUrl = "bbmaster:9989";
+        };
+        environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git python.pkgs.buildbot-worker ];
       };
-      environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git buildbot-worker ];
-    };
 
-    gitrepo = { pkgs, ... }: {
-      services.openssh.enable = true;
-      networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 22 9418 ];
-      environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git ];
+      gitrepo = { pkgs, ... }: {
+        services.openssh.enable = true;
+        networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 22 9418 ];
+        environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ git ];
+      };
     };
-  };
 
-  testScript = ''
-    #Start up and populate fake repo
-    $gitrepo->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
-    print($gitrepo->execute(" \
-      git config --global user.name 'Nobody Fakeuser' && \
-      git config --global user.email 'nobody\@fakerepo.com' && \
-      rm -rvf /srv/repos/fakerepo.git /tmp/fakerepo && \
-      mkdir -pv /srv/repos/fakerepo ~/.ssh && \
-      ssh-keyscan -H gitrepo > ~/.ssh/known_hosts && \
-      cat ~/.ssh/known_hosts && \
-      cd /srv/repos/fakerepo && \
-      git init && \
-      echo -e '#!/bin/sh\necho fakerepo' > fakerepo.sh && \
-      cat fakerepo.sh && \
-      touch .git/git-daemon-export-ok && \
-      git add fakerepo.sh .git/git-daemon-export-ok && \
-      git commit -m fakerepo && \
-      git daemon --verbose --export-all --base-path=/srv/repos --reuseaddr & \
-    "));
-
-    # Test gitrepo
-    $bbmaster->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
-    #$bbmaster->execute("nc -z gitrepo 9418");
-    print($bbmaster->execute(" \
-      rm -rfv /tmp/fakerepo && \
-      git clone git://gitrepo/fakerepo /tmp/fakerepo && \
-      pwd && \
-      ls -la && \
-      ls -la /tmp/fakerepo \
-    "));
-
-    # Test start master and connect worker
-    $bbmaster->waitForUnit("buildbot-master.service");
-    $bbmaster->waitUntilSucceeds("curl -s --head http://bbmaster:8010") =~ /200 OK/;
-    $bbworker->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
-    $bbworker->execute("nc -z bbmaster 8010");
-    $bbworker->execute("nc -z bbmaster 9989");
-    $bbworker->waitForUnit("buildbot-worker.service");
-    print($bbworker->execute("ls -la /home/bbworker/worker"));
-
-
-    # Test stop buildbot master and worker
-    print($bbmaster->execute(" \
-      systemctl -l --no-pager status buildbot-master && \
-      systemctl stop buildbot-master \
-    "));
-    $bbworker->fail("nc -z bbmaster 8010");
-    $bbworker->fail("nc -z bbmaster 9989");
-    print($bbworker->execute(" \
-      systemctl -l --no-pager status buildbot-worker && \
-      systemctl stop buildbot-worker && \
-      ls -la /home/bbworker/worker \
-    "));
-
-
-    # Test buildbot daemon mode
-    # NOTE: daemon mode tests disabled due to broken PYTHONPATH child inheritence
-    #
-    #$bbmaster->execute("buildbot create-master /tmp");
-    #$bbmaster->execute("mv -fv /tmp/master.cfg.sample /tmp/master.cfg");
-    #$bbmaster->execute("sed -i 's/8010/8011/' /tmp/master.cfg");
-    #$bbmaster->execute("buildbot start /tmp");
-    #$bbworker->execute("nc -z bbmaster 8011");
-    #$bbworker->waitUntilSucceeds("curl -s --head http://bbmaster:8011") =~ /200 OK/;
-    #$bbmaster->execute("buildbot stop /tmp");
-    #$bbworker->fail("nc -z bbmaster 8011");
-
-  '';
-
-  meta.maintainers = with pkgs.stdenv.lib.maintainers; [ nand0p ];
-
-})
+    testScript = ''
+      #Start up and populate fake repo
+      $gitrepo->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
+      print($gitrepo->execute(" \
+        git config --global user.name 'Nobody Fakeuser' && \
+        git config --global user.email 'nobody\@fakerepo.com' && \
+        rm -rvf /srv/repos/fakerepo.git /tmp/fakerepo && \
+        mkdir -pv /srv/repos/fakerepo ~/.ssh && \
+        ssh-keyscan -H gitrepo > ~/.ssh/known_hosts && \
+        cat ~/.ssh/known_hosts && \
+        cd /srv/repos/fakerepo && \
+        git init && \
+        echo -e '#!/bin/sh\necho fakerepo' > fakerepo.sh && \
+        cat fakerepo.sh && \
+        touch .git/git-daemon-export-ok && \
+        git add fakerepo.sh .git/git-daemon-export-ok && \
+        git commit -m fakerepo && \
+        git daemon --verbose --export-all --base-path=/srv/repos --reuseaddr & \
+      "));
+
+      # Test gitrepo
+      $bbmaster->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+      #$bbmaster->execute("nc -z gitrepo 9418");
+      print($bbmaster->execute(" \
+        rm -rfv /tmp/fakerepo && \
+        git clone git://gitrepo/fakerepo /tmp/fakerepo && \
+        pwd && \
+        ls -la && \
+        ls -la /tmp/fakerepo \
+      "));
+
+      # Test start master and connect worker
+      $bbmaster->waitForUnit("buildbot-master.service");
+      $bbmaster->waitUntilSucceeds("curl -s --head http://bbmaster:8010") =~ /200 OK/;
+      $bbworker->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+      $bbworker->execute("nc -z bbmaster 8010");
+      $bbworker->execute("nc -z bbmaster 9989");
+      $bbworker->waitForUnit("buildbot-worker.service");
+      print($bbworker->execute("ls -la /home/bbworker/worker"));
+
+
+      # Test stop buildbot master and worker
+      print($bbmaster->execute(" \
+        systemctl -l --no-pager status buildbot-master && \
+        systemctl stop buildbot-master \
+      "));
+      $bbworker->fail("nc -z bbmaster 8010");
+      $bbworker->fail("nc -z bbmaster 9989");
+      print($bbworker->execute(" \
+        systemctl -l --no-pager status buildbot-worker && \
+        systemctl stop buildbot-worker && \
+        ls -la /home/bbworker/worker \
+      "));
+
+
+      # Test buildbot daemon mode
+      $bbmaster->execute("buildbot create-master /tmp");
+      $bbmaster->execute("mv -fv /tmp/master.cfg.sample /tmp/master.cfg");
+      $bbmaster->execute("sed -i 's/8010/8011/' /tmp/master.cfg");
+      $bbmaster->execute("buildbot start /tmp");
+      $bbworker->execute("nc -z bbmaster 8011");
+      $bbworker->waitUntilSucceeds("curl -s --head http://bbmaster:8011") =~ /200 OK/;
+      $bbmaster->execute("buildbot stop /tmp");
+      $bbworker->fail("nc -z bbmaster 8011");
+
+    '';
+
+    meta.maintainers = with pkgs.stdenv.lib.maintainers; [ nand0p ];
+
+  };
+in {
+  python2 = mkBuildbotTest pkgs.python2;
+  python3 = mkBuildbotTest pkgs.python3;
+}
diff --git a/nixos/tests/codimd.nix b/nixos/tests/codimd.nix
index 9dedac96844a..562f6f24f999 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/codimd.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/codimd.nix
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ import ./make-test.nix ({ pkgs, lib, ... }:
     subtest "CodiMD sqlite", sub {
       $codimdSqlite->waitForUnit("codimd.service");
       $codimdSqlite->waitForOpenPort(3000);
-      $codimdSqlite->sleep(10); # avoid 503 during startup
-      $codimdSqlite->succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:3000/new");
+      $codimdSqlite->waitUntilSucceeds("curl -sSf http://localhost:3000/new");
     };
 
     subtest "CodiMD postgres", sub {
@@ -49,8 +48,7 @@ import ./make-test.nix ({ pkgs, lib, ... }:
       $codimdPostgres->waitForUnit("codimd.service");
       $codimdPostgres->waitForOpenPort(5432);
       $codimdPostgres->waitForOpenPort(3000);
-      $codimdPostgres->sleep(10); # avoid 503 during startup
-      $codimdPostgres->succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:3000/new");
+      $codimdPostgres->waitUntilSucceeds("curl -sSf http://localhost:3000/new");
     };
   '';
 })
diff --git a/nixos/tests/containers-imperative.nix b/nixos/tests/containers-imperative.nix
index 6f86819f4e88..782095a09dad 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/containers-imperative.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/containers-imperative.nix
@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ import ./make-test.nix ({ pkgs, ...} : {
       # Execute commands via the root shell.
       $machine->succeed("nixos-container run $id1 -- uname") =~ /Linux/ or die;
 
+      # Execute a nix command via the root shell. (regression test for #40355)
+      $machine->succeed("nixos-container run $id1 -- nix-instantiate -E 'derivation { name = \"empty\"; builder = \"false\"; system = \"false\"; }'");
+
       # Stop and start (regression test for #4989)
       $machine->succeed("nixos-container stop $id1");
       $machine->succeed("nixos-container start $id1");
diff --git a/nixos/tests/misc.nix b/nixos/tests/misc.nix
index 6d72ac997f8d..3ad55651b112 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/misc.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/misc.nix
@@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ import ./make-test.nix ({ pkgs, ...} : rec {
 
       # Test whether we have a reboot record in wtmp.
       subtest "reboot-wtmp", sub {
+          $machine->shutdown;
+          $machine->waitForUnit('multi-user.target');
           $machine->succeed("last | grep reboot >&2");
       };
 
diff --git a/nixos/tests/nextcloud/basic.nix b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/basic.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3b710f0f904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/basic.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import ../make-test.nix ({ pkgs, ...}: let
+  adminpass = "notproduction";
+  adminuser = "root";
+in {
+  name = "nextcloud-basic";
+  meta = with pkgs.stdenv.lib.maintainers; {
+    maintainers = [ globin eqyiel ];
+  };
+
+  nodes = {
+    # The only thing the client needs to do is download a file.
+    client = { ... }: {};
+
+    nextcloud = { config, pkgs, ... }: {
+      networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 80 ];
+
+      services.nextcloud = {
+        enable = true;
+        nginx.enable = true;
+        hostName = "nextcloud";
+        config = {
+          # Don't inherit adminuser since "root" is supposed to be the default
+          inherit adminpass;
+        };
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  testScript = let
+    withRcloneEnv = pkgs.writeScript "with-rclone-env" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_TYPE=webdav
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_URL="http://nextcloud/remote.php/webdav/"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_VENDOR="nextcloud"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_USER="${adminuser}"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_PASS="$(${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone obscure ${adminpass})"
+      "''${@}"
+    '';
+    copySharedFile = pkgs.writeScript "copy-shared-file" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      echo 'hi' | ${withRcloneEnv} ${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone rcat nextcloud:test-shared-file
+    '';
+
+    diffSharedFile = pkgs.writeScript "diff-shared-file" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      diff <(echo 'hi') <(${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone cat nextcloud:test-shared-file)
+    '';
+  in ''
+    startAll();
+    $nextcloud->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("curl -sSf http://nextcloud/login");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("${withRcloneEnv} ${copySharedFile}");
+    $client->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
+    $client->succeed("${withRcloneEnv} ${diffSharedFile}");
+  '';
+})
diff --git a/nixos/tests/nextcloud/default.nix b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..66da6794b961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{ system ? builtins.currentSystem }:
+{
+  basic = import ./basic.nix { inherit system; };
+  with-postgresql-and-redis = import ./with-postgresql-and-redis.nix { inherit system; };
+  with-mysql-and-memcached = import ./with-mysql-and-memcached.nix { inherit system; };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-mysql-and-memcached.nix b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-mysql-and-memcached.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c0d347238b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-mysql-and-memcached.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import ../make-test.nix ({ pkgs, ...}: let
+  adminpass = "hunter2";
+  adminuser = "root";
+in {
+  name = "nextcloud-with-mysql-and-memcached";
+  meta = with pkgs.stdenv.lib.maintainers; {
+    maintainers = [ eqyiel ];
+  };
+
+  nodes = {
+    # The only thing the client needs to do is download a file.
+    client = { ... }: {};
+
+    nextcloud = { config, pkgs, ... }: {
+      networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 80 ];
+
+      services.nextcloud = {
+        enable = true;
+        hostName = "nextcloud";
+        nginx.enable = true;
+        https = true;
+        caching = {
+          apcu = true;
+          redis = false;
+          memcached = true;
+        };
+        config = {
+          dbtype = "mysql";
+          dbname = "nextcloud";
+          dbuser = "nextcloud";
+          dbhost = "127.0.0.1";
+          dbport = 3306;
+          dbpass = "hunter2";
+          # Don't inherit adminuser since "root" is supposed to be the default
+          inherit adminpass;
+        };
+      };
+
+      services.mysql = {
+        enable = true;
+        bind = "127.0.0.1";
+        package = pkgs.mariadb;
+        initialScript = pkgs.writeText "mysql-init" ''
+          CREATE USER 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'hunter2';
+          CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nextcloud;
+          GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER,
+            CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost'
+            IDENTIFIED BY 'hunter2';
+          FLUSH privileges;
+        '';
+      };
+
+      systemd.services."nextcloud-setup"= {
+        requires = ["mysql.service"];
+        after = ["mysql.service"];
+      };
+
+      services.memcached.enable = true;
+    };
+  };
+
+  testScript = let
+    configureMemcached = pkgs.writeScript "configure-memcached" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set memcached_servers 0 0 --value 127.0.0.1 --type string
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set memcached_servers 0 1 --value 11211 --type integer
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set memcache.local --value '\OC\Memcache\APCu' --type string
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set memcache.distributed --value '\OC\Memcache\Memcached' --type string
+    '';
+    withRcloneEnv = pkgs.writeScript "with-rclone-env" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_TYPE=webdav
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_URL="http://nextcloud/remote.php/webdav/"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_VENDOR="nextcloud"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_USER="${adminuser}"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_PASS="$(${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone obscure ${adminpass})"
+    '';
+    copySharedFile = pkgs.writeScript "copy-shared-file" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      echo 'hi' | ${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone rcat nextcloud:test-shared-file
+    '';
+
+    diffSharedFile = pkgs.writeScript "diff-shared-file" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      diff <(echo 'hi') <(${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone cat nextcloud:test-shared-file)
+    '';
+  in ''
+    startAll();
+    $nextcloud->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("${configureMemcached}");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("curl -sSf http://nextcloud/login");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("${withRcloneEnv} ${copySharedFile}");
+    $client->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
+    $client->succeed("${withRcloneEnv} ${diffSharedFile}");
+
+  '';
+})
diff --git a/nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-postgresql-and-redis.nix b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-postgresql-and-redis.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0351d4db69ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/nextcloud/with-postgresql-and-redis.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import ../make-test.nix ({ pkgs, ...}: let
+  adminpass = "hunter2";
+  adminuser = "custom-admin-username";
+in {
+  name = "nextcloud-with-postgresql-and-redis";
+  meta = with pkgs.stdenv.lib.maintainers; {
+    maintainers = [ eqyiel ];
+  };
+
+  nodes = {
+    # The only thing the client needs to do is download a file.
+    client = { ... }: {};
+
+    nextcloud = { config, pkgs, ... }: {
+      networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 80 ];
+
+      services.nextcloud = {
+        enable = true;
+        hostName = "nextcloud";
+        nginx.enable = true;
+        caching = {
+          apcu = false;
+          redis = true;
+          memcached = false;
+        };
+        config = {
+          dbtype = "pgsql";
+          dbname = "nextcloud";
+          dbuser = "nextcloud";
+          dbhost = "localhost";
+          dbpassFile = toString (pkgs.writeText "db-pass-file" ''
+            hunter2
+          '');
+          inherit adminuser;
+          adminpassFile = toString (pkgs.writeText "admin-pass-file" ''
+            ${adminpass}
+          '');
+        };
+      };
+
+      services.redis = {
+        unixSocket = "/var/run/redis/redis.sock";
+        enable = true;
+        extraConfig = ''
+          unixsocketperm 770
+        '';
+      };
+
+      systemd.services.redis = {
+        preStart = ''
+          mkdir -p /var/run/redis
+          chown ${config.services.redis.user}:${config.services.nginx.group} /var/run/redis
+        '';
+        serviceConfig.PermissionsStartOnly = true;
+      };
+
+      systemd.services."nextcloud-setup"= {
+        requires = ["postgresql.service"];
+        after = [
+          "postgresql.service"
+          "chown-redis-socket.service"
+        ];
+      };
+
+      # At the time of writing, redis creates its socket with the "nobody"
+      # group.  I figure this is slightly less bad than making the socket world
+      # readable.
+      systemd.services."chown-redis-socket" = {
+        enable = true;
+        script = ''
+          until ${pkgs.redis}/bin/redis-cli ping; do
+            echo "waiting for redis..."
+            sleep 1
+          done
+          chown ${config.services.redis.user}:${config.services.nginx.group} /var/run/redis/redis.sock
+        '';
+        after = [ "redis.service" ];
+        requires = [ "redis.service" ];
+        wantedBy = [ "redis.service" ];
+        serviceConfig = {
+          Type = "oneshot";
+        };
+      };
+
+      services.postgresql = {
+        enable = true;
+        initialScript = pkgs.writeText "psql-init" ''
+          create role nextcloud with login password 'hunter2';
+          create database nextcloud with owner nextcloud;
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  testScript = let
+    configureRedis = pkgs.writeScript "configure-redis" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set redis 'host' --value '/var/run/redis/redis.sock' --type string
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set redis 'port' --value 0 --type integer
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set memcache.local --value '\OC\Memcache\Redis' --type string
+      nextcloud-occ config:system:set memcache.locking --value '\OC\Memcache\Redis' --type string
+    '';
+    withRcloneEnv = pkgs.writeScript "with-rclone-env" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_TYPE=webdav
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_URL="http://nextcloud/remote.php/webdav/"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_VENDOR="nextcloud"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_USER="${adminuser}"
+      export RCLONE_CONFIG_NEXTCLOUD_PASS="$(${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone obscure ${adminpass})"
+      "''${@}"
+    '';
+    copySharedFile = pkgs.writeScript "copy-shared-file" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      echo 'hi' | ${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone rcat nextcloud:test-shared-file
+    '';
+
+    diffSharedFile = pkgs.writeScript "diff-shared-file" ''
+      #!${pkgs.stdenv.shell}
+      diff <(echo 'hi') <(${pkgs.rclone}/bin/rclone cat nextcloud:test-shared-file)
+    '';
+  in ''
+    startAll();
+    $nextcloud->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("${configureRedis}");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("curl -sSf http://nextcloud/login");
+    $nextcloud->succeed("${withRcloneEnv} ${copySharedFile}");
+    $client->waitForUnit("multi-user.target");
+    $client->succeed("${withRcloneEnv} ${diffSharedFile}");
+  '';
+})
diff --git a/nixos/tests/prometheus-exporters.nix b/nixos/tests/prometheus-exporters.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2f2c06dcb7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/prometheus-exporters.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+import ./make-test.nix ({ lib, pkgs, ... }:
+let
+  escape' = str: lib.replaceChars [''"'' "$" "\n"] [''\\\"'' "\\$" ""] str;
+
+/*
+ * The attrset `exporterTests` contains one attribute
+ * for each exporter test. Each of these attributes
+ * is expected to be an attrset containing:
+ *
+ *  `exporterConfig`:
+ *    this attribute set contains config for the exporter itself
+ *
+ *  `exporterTest`
+ *    this attribute set contains test instructions
+ *
+ *  `metricProvider` (optional)
+ *    this attribute contains additional machine config
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    exporterTests.<exporterName> = {
+ *      exporterConfig = {
+ *        enable = true;
+ *      };
+ *      metricProvider = {
+ *        services.<metricProvider>.enable = true;
+ *      };
+ *      exporterTest = ''
+ *        waitForUnit("prometheus-<exporterName>-exporter.service");
+ *        waitForOpenPort("1234");
+ *        succeed("curl -sSf 'localhost:1234/metrics'");
+ *      '';
+ *    };
+ *
+ *  # this would generate the following test config:
+ *
+ *    nodes.<exporterName> = {
+ *      services.prometheus.<exporterName> = {
+ *        enable = true;
+ *      };
+ *      services.<metricProvider>.enable = true;
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    testScript = ''
+ *      $<exporterName>->start();
+ *      $<exporterName>->waitForUnit("prometheus-<exporterName>-exporter.service");
+ *      $<exporterName>->waitForOpenPort("1234");
+ *      $<exporterName>->succeed("curl -sSf 'localhost:1234/metrics'");
+ *      $<exporterName>->shutdown();
+ *    '';
+ */
+
+  exporterTests = {
+
+    blackbox = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        configFile = pkgs.writeText "config.yml" (builtins.toJSON {
+          modules.icmp_v6 = {
+            prober = "icmp";
+            icmp.preferred_ip_protocol = "ip6";
+          };
+        });
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-blackbox-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9115);
+        succeed("curl -sSf 'http://localhost:9115/probe?target=localhost&module=icmp_v6' | grep -q 'probe_success 1'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    collectd = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        extraFlags = [ "--web.collectd-push-path /collectd" ];
+      };
+      exporterTest =let postData = escape' ''
+        [{
+          "values":[23],
+          "dstypes":["gauge"],
+          "type":"gauge",
+          "interval":1000,
+          "host":"testhost",
+          "plugin":"testplugin",
+          "time":$(date +%s)
+        }]
+        ''; in ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-collectd-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9103);
+        succeed("curl -sSfH 'Content-Type: application/json' -X POST --data \"${postData}\" localhost:9103/collectd");
+        succeed("curl -sSf localhost:9103/metrics | grep -q 'collectd_testplugin_gauge{instance=\"testhost\"} 23'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    dnsmasq = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        leasesPath = "/var/lib/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.leases";
+      };
+      metricProvider = {
+        services.dnsmasq.enable = true;
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-dnsmasq-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9153);
+        succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:9153/metrics | grep -q 'dnsmasq_leases 0'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    dovecot = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        scopes = [ "global" ];
+        socketPath = "/var/run/dovecot2/old-stats";
+        user = "root"; # <- don't use user root in production
+      };
+      metricProvider = {
+        services.dovecot2.enable = true;
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-dovecot-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9166);
+        succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:9166/metrics | grep -q 'dovecot_up{scope=\"global\"} 1'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    fritzbox = { # TODO add proper test case
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-fritzbox-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9133);
+        succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:9133/metrics | grep -q 'fritzbox_exporter_collect_errors 0'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    json = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        url = "http://localhost";
+        configFile = pkgs.writeText "json-exporter-conf.json" (builtins.toJSON [{
+          name = "json_test_metric";
+          path = "$.test";
+        }]);
+      };
+      metricProvider = {
+        systemd.services.prometheus-json-exporter.after = [ "nginx.service" ];
+        services.nginx = {
+          enable = true;
+          virtualHosts.localhost.locations."/".extraConfig = ''
+            return 200 "{\"test\":1}";
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("nginx.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(80);
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-json-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(7979);
+        succeed("curl -sSf localhost:7979/metrics | grep -q 'json_test_metric 1'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    nginx = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+      };
+      metricProvider = {
+        services.nginx = {
+          enable = true;
+          statusPage = true;
+          virtualHosts."/".extraConfig = "return 204;";
+        };
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("nginx.service")
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-nginx-exporter.service")
+        waitForOpenPort(9113)
+        succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:9113/metrics | grep -q 'nginx_up 1'")
+      '';
+    };
+
+    node = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-node-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9100);
+        succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:9100/metrics | grep -q 'node_exporter_build_info{.\\+} 1'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    postfix = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+      };
+      metricProvider = {
+        services.postfix.enable = true;
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-postfix-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9154);
+        succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:9154/metrics | grep -q 'postfix_smtpd_connects_total 0'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    snmp = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        configuration.default = {
+          version = 2;
+          auth.community = "public";
+        };
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-snmp-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9116);
+        succeed("curl -sSf localhost:9116/metrics | grep -q 'snmp_request_errors_total 0'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    surfboard = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        modemAddress = "localhost";
+      };
+      metricProvider = {
+        systemd.services.prometheus-surfboard-exporter.after = [ "nginx.service" ];
+        services.nginx = {
+          enable = true;
+          virtualHosts.localhost.locations."/cgi-bin/status".extraConfig = ''
+            return 204;
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("nginx.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(80);
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-surfboard-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9239);
+        succeed("curl -sSf localhost:9239/metrics | grep -q 'surfboard_up 1'");
+      '';
+    };
+
+    varnish = {
+      exporterConfig = {
+        enable = true;
+        instance = "/var/spool/varnish/varnish";
+        group = "varnish";
+      };
+      metricProvider = {
+        systemd.services.prometheus-varnish-exporter.after = [
+          "varnish.service"
+        ];
+        services.varnish = {
+          enable = true;
+          config = ''
+            vcl 4.0;
+            backend default {
+              .host = "127.0.0.1";
+              .port = "80";
+            }
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+      exporterTest = ''
+        waitForUnit("prometheus-varnish-exporter.service");
+        waitForOpenPort(9131);
+        succeed("curl -sSf http://localhost:9131/metrics | grep -q 'varnish_up 1'");
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+
+  nodes = lib.mapAttrs (exporter: testConfig: lib.mkMerge [{
+    services.prometheus.exporters.${exporter} = testConfig.exporterConfig;
+  } testConfig.metricProvider or {}]) exporterTests;
+
+  testScript = lib.concatStrings (lib.mapAttrsToList (exporter: testConfig: (''
+    subtest "${exporter}", sub {
+      ${"$"+exporter}->start();
+      ${lib.concatStringsSep "  " (map (line: ''
+        ${"$"+exporter}->${line};
+      '') (lib.splitString "\n" (lib.removeSuffix "\n" testConfig.exporterTest)))}
+      ${"$"+exporter}->shutdown();
+    };
+  '')) exporterTests);
+in
+{
+  name = "prometheus-exporters";
+
+  inherit nodes testScript;
+
+  meta = with lib.maintainers; {
+    maintainers = [ willibutz ];
+  };
+})
diff --git a/nixos/tests/redmine.nix b/nixos/tests/redmine.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..330f72854cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/redmine.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import ./make-test.nix ({ pkgs, lib, ... }:
+{
+  name = "redmine";
+  meta.maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.aanderse ];
+
+  machine =
+    { config, pkgs, ... }:
+    { services.mysql.enable = true;
+      services.mysql.package = pkgs.mariadb;
+      services.mysql.ensureDatabases = [ "redmine" ];
+      services.mysql.ensureUsers = [
+        { name = "redmine";
+          ensurePermissions = { "redmine.*" = "ALL PRIVILEGES"; };
+        }
+      ];
+
+      services.redmine.enable = true;
+      services.redmine.database.socket = "/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock";
+      services.redmine.plugins = {
+        redmine_env_auth = pkgs.fetchurl {
+          url = https://github.com/Intera/redmine_env_auth/archive/0.6.zip;
+          sha256 = "0yyr1yjd8gvvh832wdc8m3xfnhhxzk2pk3gm2psg5w9jdvd6skak";
+        };
+      };
+      services.redmine.themes = {
+        dkuk-redmine_alex_skin = pkgs.fetchurl {
+          url = https://bitbucket.org/dkuk/redmine_alex_skin/get/1842ef675ef3.zip;
+          sha256 = "0hrin9lzyi50k4w2bd2b30vrf1i4fi1c0gyas5801wn8i7kpm9yl";
+        };
+      };
+    };
+
+  testScript = ''
+    startAll;
+
+    $machine->waitForUnit('redmine.service');
+    $machine->waitForOpenPort('3000');
+    $machine->succeed("curl --fail http://localhost:3000/");
+  '';
+})
diff --git a/nixos/tests/upnp.nix b/nixos/tests/upnp.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f2dd13fb560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/upnp.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# This tests whether UPnP port mappings can be created using Miniupnpd
+# and Miniupnpc.
+# It runs a Miniupnpd service on one machine, and verifies
+# a client can indeed create a port mapping using Miniupnpc. If
+# this succeeds an external client will try to connect to the port
+# mapping.
+
+import ./make-test.nix ({ pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  internalRouterAddress = "192.168.3.1";
+  internalClient1Address = "192.168.3.2";
+  externalRouterAddress = "80.100.100.1";
+  externalClient2Address = "80.100.100.2";
+in
+{
+  name = "upnp";
+  meta = with pkgs.stdenv.lib.maintainers; {
+    maintainers = [ bobvanderlinden ];
+  };
+
+  nodes =
+    {
+      router =
+        { pkgs, nodes, ... }:
+        { virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 2 ];
+          networking.nat.enable = true;
+          networking.nat.internalInterfaces = [ "eth2" ];
+          networking.nat.externalInterface = "eth1";
+          networking.firewall.enable = true;
+          networking.firewall.trustedInterfaces = [ "eth2" ];
+          networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = externalRouterAddress; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
+          networking.interfaces.eth2.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = internalRouterAddress; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
+          services.miniupnpd = {
+            enable = true;
+            externalInterface = "eth1";
+            internalIPs = [ "eth2" ];
+            appendConfig = ''
+              ext_ip=${externalRouterAddress}
+            '';
+          };
+        };
+
+      client1 =
+        { pkgs, nodes, ... }:
+        { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.miniupnpc pkgs.netcat ];
+          virtualisation.vlans = [ 2 ];
+          networking.defaultGateway = internalRouterAddress;
+          networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = internalClient1Address; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
+          networking.firewall.enable = false;
+
+          services.httpd.enable = true;
+          services.httpd.listen = [{ ip = "*"; port = 9000; }];
+          services.httpd.adminAddr = "foo@example.org";
+          services.httpd.documentRoot = "/tmp";
+        };
+
+      client2 =
+        { pkgs, ... }:
+        { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.miniupnpc ];
+          virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 ];
+          networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = [
+            { address = externalClient2Address; prefixLength = 24; }
+          ];
+          networking.firewall.enable = false;
+        };
+    };
+
+  testScript =
+    { nodes, ... }:
+    ''
+      startAll;
+
+      # Wait for network and miniupnpd.
+      $router->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+      # $router->waitForUnit("nat");
+      $router->waitForUnit("firewall.service");
+      $router->waitForUnit("miniupnpd");
+
+      $client1->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+
+      $client1->succeed("upnpc -a ${internalClient1Address} 9000 9000 TCP");
+
+      $client1->waitForUnit("httpd");
+      $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("curl http://${externalRouterAddress}:9000/");
+    '';
+
+})