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-rw-r--r--nixos/tests/networking.nix502
1 files changed, 274 insertions, 228 deletions
diff --git a/nixos/tests/networking.nix b/nixos/tests/networking.nix
index e0585d8f1bb4..0a6507d2dc88 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/networking.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/networking.nix
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # bool: whether to use networkd in the tests
 , networkd }:
 
-with import ../lib/testing.nix { inherit system pkgs; };
+with import ../lib/testing-python.nix { inherit system pkgs; };
 with pkgs.lib;
 
 let
@@ -75,10 +75,11 @@ let
       machine.networking.useDHCP = false;
       machine.networking.useNetworkd = networkd;
       testScript = ''
-        startAll;
-        $machine->waitForUnit("network.target");
-        $machine->succeed("ip addr show lo | grep -q 'inet 127.0.0.1/8 '");
-        $machine->succeed("ip addr show lo | grep -q 'inet6 ::1/128 '");
+        start_all()
+        machine.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+        loopback_addresses = machine.succeed("ip addr show lo")
+        assert "inet 127.0.0.1/8" in loopback_addresses
+        assert "inet6 ::1/128" in loopback_addresses
       '';
     };
     static = {
@@ -102,35 +103,35 @@ let
       };
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
+          start_all()
 
-          $client->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $router->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
+          client.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+          router.wait_for_unit("network-online.target")
 
-          # Make sure dhcpcd is not started
-          $client->fail("systemctl status dhcpcd.service");
+          with subtest("Make sure dhcpcd is not started"):
+              client.fail("systemctl status dhcpcd.service")
 
-          # Test vlan 1
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.10");
+          with subtest("Test vlan 1"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.10")
 
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.10");
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.10")
 
-          # Test vlan 2
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2");
+          with subtest("Test vlan 2"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2")
 
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2");
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2")
 
-          # Test default gateway
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.3.1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.3.1");
+          with subtest("Test default gateway"):
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.3.1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.3.1")
         '';
     };
     dhcpSimple = {
@@ -155,38 +156,38 @@ let
       };
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
-
-          $client->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $router->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
-
-          # Wait until we have an ip address on each interface
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q '192.168.1'");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:1:'");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth2 | grep -q '192.168.2'");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth2 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:2:'");
-
-          # Test vlan 1
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::2");
-
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::2");
-
-          # Test vlan 2
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::2");
-
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::2");
+          start_all()
+
+          client.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+          router.wait_for_unit("network-online.target")
+
+          with subtest("Wait until we have an ip address on each interface"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q '192.168.1'")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:1:'")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev eth2 | grep -q '192.168.2'")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev eth2 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:2:'")
+
+          with subtest("Test vlan 1"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::2")
+
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::2")
+
+          with subtest("Test vlan 2"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::2")
+
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:2::2")
         '';
     };
     dhcpOneIf = {
@@ -206,28 +207,28 @@ let
       };
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
+          start_all()
 
-          # Wait for networking to come up
-          $client->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $router->waitForUnit("network.target");
+          with subtest("Wait for networking to come up"):
+              client.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+              router.wait_for_unit("network.target")
 
-          # Wait until we have an ip address on each interface
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q '192.168.1'");
+          with subtest("Wait until we have an ip address on each interface"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q '192.168.1'")
 
-          # Test vlan 1
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
+          with subtest("Test vlan 1"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
 
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
 
-          # Test vlan 2
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1");
-          $client->fail("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2");
+          with subtest("Test vlan 2"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1")
+              client.fail("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2")
 
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1");
-          $router->fail("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2");
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.2.1")
+              router.fail("ping -c 1 192.168.2.2")
         '';
     };
     bond = let
@@ -252,18 +253,18 @@ let
       nodes.client2 = node "192.168.1.2";
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
+          start_all()
 
-          # Wait for networking to come up
-          $client1->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $client2->waitForUnit("network.target");
+          with subtest("Wait for networking to come up"):
+              client1.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+              client2.wait_for_unit("network.target")
 
-          # Test bonding
-          $client1->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.1");
-          $client1->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.2");
+          with subtest("Test bonding"):
+              client1.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.1")
+              client1.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.2")
 
-          $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.1");
-          $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.2");
+              client2.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.1")
+              client2.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 2 192.168.1.2")
         '';
     };
     bridge = let
@@ -294,25 +295,24 @@ let
       };
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
+          start_all()
 
-          # Wait for networking to come up
-          $client1->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $client2->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $router->waitForUnit("network.target");
+          with subtest("Wait for networking to come up"):
+              for machine in client1, client2, router:
+                  machine.wait_for_unit("network.target")
 
-          # Test bridging
-          $client1->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $client1->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $client1->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3");
+          with subtest("Test bridging"):
+              client1.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              client1.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              client1.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3")
 
-          $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3");
+              client2.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              client2.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              client2.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3")
 
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3");
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3")
         '';
     };
     macvlan = {
@@ -340,35 +340,35 @@ let
       };
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
-
-          # Wait for networking to come up
-          $client->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $router->waitForUnit("network.target");
-
-          # Wait until we have an ip address on each interface
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q '192.168.1'");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev macvlan | grep -q '192.168.1'");
-
-          # Print lots of diagnostic information
-          $router->log('**********************************************');
-          $router->succeed("ip addr >&2");
-          $router->succeed("ip route >&2");
-          $router->execute("iptables-save >&2");
-          $client->log('==============================================');
-          $client->succeed("ip addr >&2");
-          $client->succeed("ip route >&2");
-          $client->execute("iptables-save >&2");
-          $client->log('##############################################');
-
-          # Test macvlan creates routable ips
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3");
-
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2");
-          $router->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3");
+          start_all()
+
+          with subtest("Wait for networking to come up"):
+              client.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+              router.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+
+          with subtest("Wait until we have an ip address on each interface"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q '192.168.1'")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev macvlan | grep -q '192.168.1'")
+
+          with subtest("Print lots of diagnostic information"):
+              router.log("**********************************************")
+              router.succeed("ip addr >&2")
+              router.succeed("ip route >&2")
+              router.execute("iptables-save >&2")
+              client.log("==============================================")
+              client.succeed("ip addr >&2")
+              client.succeed("ip route >&2")
+              client.execute("iptables-save >&2")
+              client.log("##############################################")
+
+          with subtest("Test macvlan creates routable ips"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3")
+
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.1")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.2")
+              router.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 192.168.1.3")
         '';
     };
     sit = let
@@ -395,22 +395,22 @@ let
       nodes.client2 = node { address4 = "192.168.1.2"; remote = "192.168.1.1"; address6 = "fc00::2"; };
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
+          start_all()
 
-          # Wait for networking to be configured
-          $client1->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $client2->waitForUnit("network.target");
+          with subtest("Wait for networking to be configured"):
+              client1.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+              client2.wait_for_unit("network.target")
 
-          # Print diagnostic information
-          $client1->succeed("ip addr >&2");
-          $client2->succeed("ip addr >&2");
+              # Print diagnostic information
+              client1.succeed("ip addr >&2")
+              client2.succeed("ip addr >&2")
 
-          # Test ipv6
-          $client1->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fc00::1");
-          $client1->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fc00::2");
+          with subtest("Test ipv6"):
+              client1.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fc00::1")
+              client1.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fc00::2")
 
-          $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fc00::1");
-          $client2->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fc00::2");
+              client2.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fc00::1")
+              client2.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fc00::2")
         '';
     };
     vlan = let
@@ -435,15 +435,15 @@ let
       nodes.client2 = node "192.168.1.2";
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
+          start_all()
 
-          # Wait for networking to be configured
-          $client1->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $client2->waitForUnit("network.target");
+          with subtest("Wait for networking to be configured"):
+              client1.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+              client2.wait_for_unit("network.target")
 
-          # Test vlan is setup
-          $client1->succeed("ip addr show dev vlan >&2");
-          $client2->succeed("ip addr show dev vlan >&2");
+          with subtest("Test vlan is setup"):
+              client1.succeed("ip addr show dev vlan >&2")
+              client2.succeed("ip addr show dev vlan >&2")
         '';
     };
     virtual = {
@@ -464,33 +464,38 @@ let
       };
 
       testScript = ''
-        my $targetList = <<'END';
+        targetList = """
         tap0: tap persist user 0
         tun0: tun persist user 0
-        END
-
-        # Wait for networking to come up
-        $machine->start;
-        $machine->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
-
-        # Test interfaces set up
-        my $list = $machine->succeed("ip tuntap list | sort");
-        "$list" eq "$targetList" or die(
-          "The list of virtual interfaces does not match the expected one:\n",
-          "Result:\n", "$list\n",
-          "Expected:\n", "$targetList\n"
-        );
-
-        # Test interfaces clean up
-        $machine->succeed("systemctl stop network-addresses-tap0");
-        $machine->sleep(10);
-        $machine->succeed("systemctl stop network-addresses-tun0");
-        $machine->sleep(10);
-        my $residue = $machine->succeed("ip tuntap list");
-        $residue eq "" or die(
-          "Some virtual interface has not been properly cleaned:\n",
-          "$residue\n"
-        );
+        """.strip()
+
+        with subtest("Wait for networking to come up"):
+            machine.start()
+            machine.wait_for_unit("network-online.target")
+
+        with subtest("Test interfaces set up"):
+            list = machine.succeed("ip tuntap list | sort").strip()
+            assert (
+                list == targetList
+            ), """
+            The list of virtual interfaces does not match the expected one:
+            Result:
+              {}
+            Expected:
+              {}
+            """.format(
+                list, targetList
+            )
+
+        with subtest("Test interfaces clean up"):
+            machine.succeed("systemctl stop network-addresses-tap0")
+            machine.sleep(10)
+            machine.succeed("systemctl stop network-addresses-tun0")
+            machine.sleep(10)
+            residue = machine.succeed("ip tuntap list")
+            assert (
+                residue is ""
+            ), "Some virtual interface has not been properly cleaned:\n{}".format(residue)
       '';
     };
     privacy = {
@@ -522,13 +527,13 @@ let
           '';
         };
       };
-      nodes.clientWithPrivacy = { pkgs, ... }: with pkgs.lib; {
+      nodes.client_with_privacy = { pkgs, ... }: with pkgs.lib; {
         virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 ];
         networking = {
           useNetworkd = networkd;
           useDHCP = false;
           interfaces.eth1 = {
-            preferTempAddress = true;
+            tempAddress = "default";
             ipv4.addresses = mkOverride 0 [ ];
             ipv6.addresses = mkOverride 0 [ ];
             useDHCP = true;
@@ -541,7 +546,7 @@ let
           useNetworkd = networkd;
           useDHCP = false;
           interfaces.eth1 = {
-            preferTempAddress = false;
+            tempAddress = "enabled";
             ipv4.addresses = mkOverride 0 [ ];
             ipv6.addresses = mkOverride 0 [ ];
             useDHCP = true;
@@ -550,25 +555,31 @@ let
       };
       testScript = { ... }:
         ''
-          startAll;
-
-          $client->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $clientWithPrivacy->waitForUnit("network.target");
-          $router->waitForUnit("network-online.target");
-
-          # Wait until we have an ip address
-          $clientWithPrivacy->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:1:'");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:1:'");
-
-          # Test vlan 1
-          $clientWithPrivacy->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1");
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1");
-
-          # Test address used is temporary
-          $clientWithPrivacy->waitUntilSucceeds("! ip route get fd00:1234:5678:1::1 | grep -q ':[a-f0-9]*ff:fe[a-f0-9]*:'");
-
-          # Test address used is EUI-64
-          $client->waitUntilSucceeds("ip route get fd00:1234:5678:1::1 | grep -q ':[a-f0-9]*ff:fe[a-f0-9]*:'");
+          start_all()
+
+          client.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+          client_with_privacy.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+          router.wait_for_unit("network-online.target")
+
+          with subtest("Wait until we have an ip address"):
+              client_with_privacy.wait_until_succeeds(
+                  "ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:1:'"
+              )
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ip addr show dev eth1 | grep -q 'fd00:1234:5678:1:'")
+
+          with subtest("Test vlan 1"):
+              client_with_privacy.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1")
+              client.wait_until_succeeds("ping -c 1 fd00:1234:5678:1::1")
+
+          with subtest("Test address used is temporary"):
+              client_with_privacy.wait_until_succeeds(
+                  "! ip route get fd00:1234:5678:1::1 | grep -q ':[a-f0-9]*ff:fe[a-f0-9]*:'"
+              )
+
+          with subtest("Test address used is EUI-64"):
+              client.wait_until_succeeds(
+                  "ip route get fd00:1234:5678:1::1 | grep -q ':[a-f0-9]*ff:fe[a-f0-9]*:'"
+              )
         '';
     };
     routes = {
@@ -591,47 +602,82 @@ let
       };
 
       testScript = ''
-        my $targetIPv4Table = <<'END';
+        targetIPv4Table = """
         10.0.0.0/16 proto static scope link mtu 1500 
         192.168.1.0/24 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.2 
         192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 proto static 
-        END
+        """.strip()
 
-        my $targetIPv6Table = <<'END';
+        targetIPv6Table = """
         2001:1470:fffd:2097::/64 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium
         2001:1470:fffd:2098::/64 via fdfd:b3f0::1 proto static metric 1024 pref medium
         fdfd:b3f0::/48 proto static metric 1024 pref medium
-        END
-
-        $machine->start;
-        $machine->waitForUnit("network.target");
-
-        # test routing tables
-        my $ipv4Table = $machine->succeed("ip -4 route list dev eth0 | head -n3");
-        my $ipv6Table = $machine->succeed("ip -6 route list dev eth0 | head -n3");
-        "$ipv4Table" eq "$targetIPv4Table" or die(
-          "The IPv4 routing table does not match the expected one:\n",
-          "Result:\n", "$ipv4Table\n",
-          "Expected:\n", "$targetIPv4Table\n"
-        );
-        "$ipv6Table" eq "$targetIPv6Table" or die(
-          "The IPv6 routing table does not match the expected one:\n",
-          "Result:\n", "$ipv6Table\n",
-          "Expected:\n", "$targetIPv6Table\n"
-        );
-
-        # test clean-up of the tables
-        $machine->succeed("systemctl stop network-addresses-eth0");
-        my $ipv4Residue = $machine->succeed("ip -4 route list dev eth0 | head -n-3");
-        my $ipv6Residue = $machine->succeed("ip -6 route list dev eth0 | head -n-3");
-        $ipv4Residue eq "" or die(
-          "The IPv4 routing table has not been properly cleaned:\n",
-          "$ipv4Residue\n"
-        );
-        $ipv6Residue eq "" or die(
-          "The IPv6 routing table has not been properly cleaned:\n",
-          "$ipv6Residue\n"
-        );
+        """.strip()
+
+        machine.start()
+        machine.wait_for_unit("network.target")
+
+        with subtest("test routing tables"):
+            ipv4Table = machine.succeed("ip -4 route list dev eth0 | head -n3").strip()
+            ipv6Table = machine.succeed("ip -6 route list dev eth0 | head -n3").strip()
+            assert (
+                ipv4Table == targetIPv4Table
+            ), """
+              The IPv4 routing table does not match the expected one:
+                Result:
+                  {}
+                Expected:
+                  {}
+              """.format(
+                ipv4Table, targetIPv4Table
+            )
+            assert (
+                ipv6Table == targetIPv6Table
+            ), """
+              The IPv6 routing table does not match the expected one:
+                Result:
+                  {}
+                Expected:
+                  {}
+              """.format(
+                ipv6Table, targetIPv6Table
+            )
+
+        with subtest("test clean-up of the tables"):
+            machine.succeed("systemctl stop network-addresses-eth0")
+            ipv4Residue = machine.succeed("ip -4 route list dev eth0 | head -n-3").strip()
+            ipv6Residue = machine.succeed("ip -6 route list dev eth0 | head -n-3").strip()
+            assert (
+                ipv4Residue is ""
+            ), "The IPv4 routing table has not been properly cleaned:\n{}".format(ipv4Residue)
+            assert (
+                ipv6Residue is ""
+            ), "The IPv6 routing table has not been properly cleaned:\n{}".format(ipv6Residue)
+      '';
+    };
+    # even with disabled networkd, systemd.network.links should work
+    # (as it's handled by udev, not networkd)
+    link = {
+      name = "Link";
+      nodes.client = { pkgs, ... }: {
+        virtualisation.vlans = [ 1 ];
+        networking = {
+          useNetworkd = networkd;
+          useDHCP = false;
+        };
+        systemd.network.links."50-foo" = {
+          matchConfig = {
+            Name = "foo";
+            Driver = "dummy";
+          };
+          linkConfig.MTUBytes = "1442";
+        };
+      };
+      testScript = ''
+        print(client.succeed("ip l add name foo type dummy"))
+        print(client.succeed("stat /etc/systemd/network/50-foo.link"))
+        client.succeed("udevadm settle")
+        assert "mtu 1442" in client.succeed("ip l show dummy0")
       '';
     };
   };