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-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/ldap.nix101
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/nix-channel.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/no-x-libs.nix5
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/swap.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/config/sysctl.nix20
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/hardware/usb-storage.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/hardware/video/amdgpu-pro.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/fcitx5.nix13
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/image/repart-image.nix80
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/image/repart.nix62
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/installer/tools/tools.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/misc/mandoc.nix161
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/module-list.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/profiles/installation-device.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/atop.nix5
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/direnv.nix9
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/firefox.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/gamemode.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/gpaste.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/mininet.nix35
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/partition-manager.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix20
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/wayland/labwc.nix25
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/programs/wayland/sway.nix43
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/apparmor.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/auditd.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/duosec.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/ipa.nix46
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/pam.nix60
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/sudo-rs.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/admin/pgadmin.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/audio/mympd.nix129
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/backup/borgbackup.nix23
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildkite-agents.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/databases/aerospike.nix13
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.md13
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.nix15
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/development/nixseparatedebuginfod.nix105
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/hardware/kanata.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/hardware/sane.nix9
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/hardware/thermald.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/hardware/vdr.nix95
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/home-automation/home-assistant.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/logging/logcheck.nix14
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/mail/postfix.nix15
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd-trainer.nix76
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/matrix/matrix-sliding-sync.nix9
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/gitea.nix15
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix10
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/guix/default.nix45
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/llama-cpp.nix111
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/moonraker.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/nitter.nix23
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix42
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/paperless.nix47
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/portunus.nix5
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/kea.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/nginx.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/ping.nix48
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/monitoring/thanos.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/eris-server.nix56
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/kubo.nix40
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/avahi-daemon.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/ddclient.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.md68
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/firewall-iptables.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.md31
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.nix263
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/harmonia.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/kea.nix22
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/ssh/sshd.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/tailscale.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/yggdrasil.nix28
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/networking/zerotierone.nix27
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/security/bitwarden-directory-connector-cli.nix323
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/security/munge.nix14
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/security/tor.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/backup.sh4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/default.nix8
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/system/cachix-watch-store.nix12
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/system/zram-generator.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/torrent/transmission.nix27
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/video/frigate.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/code-server.nix259
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/freshrss.nix1
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/invidious.nix7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mastodon.nix21
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.md2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix338
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix45
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/cinnamon.nix27
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/activation/bootspec.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/grow-partition.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix6
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/grub.nix12
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/systemd-boot/systemd-boot-builder.py7
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/resolved.nix9
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd-secrets.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/oomd.nix26
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix3
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/bcachefs.nix16
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/zfs.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix4
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/tasks/trackpoint.nix13
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/azure-agent.nix28
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-agent.nix14
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix2
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/vmware-host.nix61
-rw-r--r--nixos/modules/virtualisation/waydroid.nix2
123 files changed, 2824 insertions, 730 deletions
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/ldap.nix b/nixos/modules/config/ldap.nix
index d2f01fb87d32..e374e4a7a27e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/ldap.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/ldap.nix
@@ -226,18 +226,6 @@ in
       "ldap.conf" = ldapConfig;
     };
 
-    system.activationScripts = mkIf (!cfg.daemon.enable) {
-      ldap = stringAfter [ "etc" "groups" "users" ] ''
-        if test -f "${cfg.bind.passwordFile}" ; then
-          umask 0077
-          conf="$(mktemp)"
-          printf 'bindpw %s\n' "$(cat ${cfg.bind.passwordFile})" |
-          cat ${ldapConfig.source} - >"$conf"
-          mv -fT "$conf" /etc/ldap.conf
-        fi
-      '';
-    };
-
     system.nssModules = mkIf cfg.nsswitch (singleton (
       if cfg.daemon.enable then nss_pam_ldapd else nss_ldap
     ));
@@ -258,42 +246,63 @@ in
       };
     };
 
-    systemd.services = mkIf cfg.daemon.enable {
-      nslcd = {
-        wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-
-        preStart = ''
-          umask 0077
-          conf="$(mktemp)"
-          {
-            cat ${nslcdConfig}
-            test -z '${cfg.bind.distinguishedName}' -o ! -f '${cfg.bind.passwordFile}' ||
-            printf 'bindpw %s\n' "$(cat '${cfg.bind.passwordFile}')"
-            test -z '${cfg.daemon.rootpwmoddn}' -o ! -f '${cfg.daemon.rootpwmodpwFile}' ||
-            printf 'rootpwmodpw %s\n' "$(cat '${cfg.daemon.rootpwmodpwFile}')"
-          } >"$conf"
-          mv -fT "$conf" /run/nslcd/nslcd.conf
-        '';
-
-        restartTriggers = [
-          nslcdConfig
-          cfg.bind.passwordFile
-          cfg.daemon.rootpwmodpwFile
-        ];
-
-        serviceConfig = {
-          ExecStart = "${nslcdWrapped}/bin/nslcd";
-          Type = "forking";
-          Restart = "always";
-          User = "nslcd";
-          Group = "nslcd";
-          RuntimeDirectory = [ "nslcd" ];
-          PIDFile = "/run/nslcd/nslcd.pid";
-          AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_SYS_RESOURCE";
+    systemd.services = mkMerge [
+      (mkIf (!cfg.daemon.enable) {
+        ldap-password = {
+          wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
+          before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+          conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+          unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
+          serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+          serviceConfig.RemainAfterExit = true;
+          script = ''
+            if test -f "${cfg.bind.passwordFile}" ; then
+              umask 0077
+              conf="$(mktemp)"
+              printf 'bindpw %s\n' "$(cat ${cfg.bind.passwordFile})" |
+              cat ${ldapConfig.source} - >"$conf"
+              mv -fT "$conf" /etc/ldap.conf
+            fi
+          '';
         };
-      };
+      })
+
+      (mkIf cfg.daemon.enable {
+        nslcd = {
+          wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+
+          preStart = ''
+            umask 0077
+            conf="$(mktemp)"
+            {
+              cat ${nslcdConfig}
+              test -z '${cfg.bind.distinguishedName}' -o ! -f '${cfg.bind.passwordFile}' ||
+              printf 'bindpw %s\n' "$(cat '${cfg.bind.passwordFile}')"
+              test -z '${cfg.daemon.rootpwmoddn}' -o ! -f '${cfg.daemon.rootpwmodpwFile}' ||
+              printf 'rootpwmodpw %s\n' "$(cat '${cfg.daemon.rootpwmodpwFile}')"
+            } >"$conf"
+            mv -fT "$conf" /run/nslcd/nslcd.conf
+          '';
 
-    };
+          restartTriggers = [
+            nslcdConfig
+            cfg.bind.passwordFile
+            cfg.daemon.rootpwmodpwFile
+          ];
+
+          serviceConfig = {
+            ExecStart = "${nslcdWrapped}/bin/nslcd";
+            Type = "forking";
+            Restart = "always";
+            User = "nslcd";
+            Group = "nslcd";
+            RuntimeDirectory = [ "nslcd" ];
+            PIDFile = "/run/nslcd/nslcd.pid";
+            AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_SYS_RESOURCE";
+          };
+        };
+      })
+    ];
 
   };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/nix-channel.nix b/nixos/modules/config/nix-channel.nix
index a7ca7a5c74a4..dd97cb730ae4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/nix-channel.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/nix-channel.nix
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ let
     mkDefault
     mkIf
     mkOption
-    stringAfter
     types
     ;
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/no-x-libs.nix b/nixos/modules/config/no-x-libs.nix
index ec26d4b12eff..4727e5b85ef2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/no-x-libs.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/no-x-libs.nix
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ with lib;
       ffmpeg_5 = super.ffmpeg_5.override { ffmpegVariant = "headless"; };
       # dep of graphviz, libXpm is optional for Xpm support
       gd = super.gd.override { withXorg = false; };
+      ghostscript = super.ghostscript.override { cupsSupport = false; x11Support = false; };
+      gjs = super.gjs.overrideAttrs { doCheck = false; installTests = false; }; # avoid test dependency on gtk3
       gobject-introspection = super.gobject-introspection.override { x11Support = false; };
       gpsd = super.gpsd.override { guiSupport = false; };
       graphviz = super.graphviz-nox;
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ with lib;
       };
       imagemagick = super.imagemagick.override { libX11Support = false; libXtSupport = false; };
       imagemagickBig = super.imagemagickBig.override { libX11Support = false; libXtSupport = false; };
+      intel-vaapi-driver = super.intel-vaapi-driver.override { enableGui = false; };
       libdevil = super.libdevil-nox;
       libextractor = super.libextractor.override { gtkSupport = false; };
       libva = super.libva-minimal;
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ with lib;
       qemu = super.qemu.override { gtkSupport = false; spiceSupport = false; sdlSupport = false; };
       qrencode = super.qrencode.overrideAttrs (_: { doCheck = false; });
       qt5 = super.qt5.overrideScope (const (super': {
-        qtbase = super'.qtbase.override { withGtk3 = false; };
+        qtbase = super'.qtbase.override { withGtk3 = false; withQttranslation = false; };
       }));
       stoken = super.stoken.override { withGTK3 = false; };
       # translateManpages -> perlPackages.po4a -> texlive-combined-basic -> texlive-core-big -> libX11
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/swap.nix b/nixos/modules/config/swap.nix
index 8989a6408264..21046d6f1697 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/swap.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/swap.nix
@@ -258,7 +258,8 @@ in
             # avoid this race condition.
             after = [ "systemd-modules-load.service" ];
             wantedBy = [ "${realDevice'}.swap" ];
-            before = [ "${realDevice'}.swap" ];
+            before = [ "${realDevice'}.swap" "shutdown.target"];
+            conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
             path = [ pkgs.util-linux pkgs.e2fsprogs ]
               ++ optional sw.randomEncryption.enable pkgs.cryptsetup;
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/config/sysctl.nix b/nixos/modules/config/sysctl.nix
index b779f12aca30..bedba984a3c2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/config/sysctl.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/config/sysctl.nix
@@ -31,16 +31,18 @@ in
         };
       in types.submodule {
         freeformType = types.attrsOf sysctlOption;
-        options."net.core.rmem_max" = mkOption {
-          type = types.nullOr highestValueType;
-          default = null;
-          description = lib.mdDoc "The maximum socket receive buffer size. In case of conflicting values, the highest will be used.";
-        };
+        options = {
+          "net.core.rmem_max" = mkOption {
+            type = types.nullOr highestValueType;
+            default = null;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "The maximum receive socket buffer size in bytes. In case of conflicting values, the highest will be used.";
+          };
 
-        options."net.core.wmem_max" = mkOption {
-          type = types.nullOr highestValueType;
-          default = null;
-          description = lib.mdDoc "The maximum socket send buffer size. In case of conflicting values, the highest will be used.";
+          "net.core.wmem_max" = mkOption {
+            type = types.nullOr highestValueType;
+            default = null;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "The maximum send socket buffer size in bytes. In case of conflicting values, the highest will be used.";
+          };
         };
       };
       default = {};
diff --git a/nixos/modules/hardware/usb-storage.nix b/nixos/modules/hardware/usb-storage.nix
index 9c1b7a125fd1..3cb2c60d7ccd 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/hardware/usb-storage.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/hardware/usb-storage.nix
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ with lib;
 
   config = mkIf config.hardware.usbStorage.manageStartStop {
     services.udev.extraRules = ''
-      ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="scsi_disk", DRIVERS=="usb-storage", ATTR{manage_start_stop}="1"
+      ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="scsi_disk", DRIVERS=="usb-storage", ATTR{manage_system_start_stop}="1"
     '';
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/hardware/video/amdgpu-pro.nix b/nixos/modules/hardware/video/amdgpu-pro.nix
index 605aa6ef8b88..2a86280eec8c 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/hardware/video/amdgpu-pro.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/hardware/video/amdgpu-pro.nix
@@ -39,9 +39,10 @@ in
 
     hardware.firmware = [ package.fw ];
 
-    system.activationScripts.setup-amdgpu-pro = ''
-      ln -sfn ${package}/opt/amdgpu{,-pro} /run
-    '';
+    systemd.tmpfiles.settings.amdgpu-pro = {
+      "/run/amdgpu"."L+".argument = "${package}/opt/amdgpu";
+      "/run/amdgpu-pro"."L+".argument = "${package}/opt/amdgpu-pro";
+    };
 
     system.requiredKernelConfig = with config.lib.kernelConfig; [
       (isYes "DEVICE_PRIVATE")
diff --git a/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/fcitx5.nix b/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/fcitx5.nix
index 3d52c08888ea..530727f3f292 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/fcitx5.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/i18n/input-method/fcitx5.nix
@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ in
           Enabled Fcitx5 addons.
         '';
       };
+      waylandFrontend = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Use the Wayland input method frontend.
+          See [Using Fcitx 5 on Wayland](https://fcitx-im.org/wiki/Using_Fcitx_5_on_Wayland).
+        '';
+      };
       quickPhrase = mkOption {
         type = with types; attrsOf str;
         default = { };
@@ -118,10 +126,11 @@ in
       ];
 
     environment.variables = {
-      GTK_IM_MODULE = "fcitx";
-      QT_IM_MODULE = "fcitx";
       XMODIFIERS = "@im=fcitx";
       QT_PLUGIN_PATH = [ "${fcitx5Package}/${pkgs.qt6.qtbase.qtPluginPrefix}" ];
+    } // lib.optionalAttrs (!cfg.waylandFrontend) {
+      GTK_IM_MODULE = "fcitx";
+      QT_IM_MODULE = "fcitx";
     } // lib.optionalAttrs cfg.ignoreUserConfig {
       SKIP_FCITX_USER_PATH = "1";
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/image/repart-image.nix b/nixos/modules/image/repart-image.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b4a1dfe51ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/image/repart-image.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# This is an expression meant to be called from `./repart.nix`, it is NOT a
+# NixOS module that can be imported.
+
+{ lib
+, runCommand
+, python3
+, black
+, ruff
+, mypy
+, systemd
+, fakeroot
+, util-linux
+, dosfstools
+, mtools
+, e2fsprogs
+, squashfsTools
+, erofs-utils
+, btrfs-progs
+, xfsprogs
+
+  # arguments
+, name
+, fileSystems
+, partitions
+, split
+, seed
+, definitionsDirectory
+}:
+
+let
+  amendRepartDefinitions = runCommand "amend-repart-definitions.py"
+    {
+      # TODO: ruff does not splice properly in nativeBuildInputs
+      depsBuildBuild = [ ruff ];
+      nativeBuildInputs = [ python3 black mypy ];
+    } ''
+    install ${./amend-repart-definitions.py} $out
+    patchShebangs --build $out
+
+    black --check --diff $out
+    ruff --line-length 88 $out
+    mypy --strict $out
+  '';
+
+  fileSystemToolMapping = {
+    "vfat" = [ dosfstools mtools ];
+    "ext4" = [ e2fsprogs.bin ];
+    "squashfs" = [ squashfsTools ];
+    "erofs" = [ erofs-utils ];
+    "btrfs" = [ btrfs-progs ];
+    "xfs" = [ xfsprogs ];
+  };
+
+  fileSystemTools = builtins.concatMap (f: fileSystemToolMapping."${f}") fileSystems;
+in
+
+runCommand name
+{
+  nativeBuildInputs = [
+    systemd
+    fakeroot
+    util-linux
+  ] ++ fileSystemTools;
+} ''
+  amendedRepartDefinitions=$(${amendRepartDefinitions} ${partitions} ${definitionsDirectory})
+
+  mkdir -p $out
+  cd $out
+
+  unshare --map-root-user fakeroot systemd-repart \
+    --dry-run=no \
+    --empty=create \
+    --size=auto \
+    --seed="${seed}" \
+    --definitions="$amendedRepartDefinitions" \
+    --split="${lib.boolToString split}" \
+    --json=pretty \
+    image.raw \
+    | tee repart-output.json
+''
diff --git a/nixos/modules/image/repart.nix b/nixos/modules/image/repart.nix
index 41e6110885b8..da4f45d9a639 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/image/repart.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/image/repart.nix
@@ -90,8 +90,10 @@ in
     };
 
     package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "systemd-repart" {
-      default = "systemd";
-      example = "pkgs.systemdMinimal.override { withCryptsetup = true; }";
+      # We use buildPackages so that repart images are built with the build
+      # platform's systemd, allowing for cross-compiled systems to work.
+      default = [ "buildPackages" "systemd" ];
+      example = "pkgs.buildPackages.systemdMinimal.override { withCryptsetup = true; }";
     };
 
     partitions = lib.mkOption {
@@ -131,22 +133,10 @@ in
 
     system.build.image =
       let
-        fileSystemToolMapping = with pkgs; {
-          "vfat" = [ dosfstools mtools ];
-          "ext4" = [ e2fsprogs.bin ];
-          "squashfs" = [ squashfsTools ];
-          "erofs" = [ erofs-utils ];
-          "btrfs" = [ btrfs-progs ];
-          "xfs" = [ xfsprogs ];
-        };
-
         fileSystems = lib.filter
           (f: f != null)
           (lib.mapAttrsToList (_n: v: v.repartConfig.Format or null) cfg.partitions);
 
-        fileSystemTools = builtins.concatMap (f: fileSystemToolMapping."${f}") fileSystems;
-
-
         makeClosure = paths: pkgs.closureInfo { rootPaths = paths; };
 
         # Add the closure of the provided Nix store paths to cfg.partitions so
@@ -157,23 +147,8 @@ in
             { closure = "${makeClosure partitionConfig.storePaths}/store-paths"; }
         );
 
-
         finalPartitions = lib.mapAttrs addClosure cfg.partitions;
 
-
-        amendRepartDefinitions = pkgs.runCommand "amend-repart-definitions.py"
-          {
-            nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [ black ruff mypy ];
-            buildInputs = [ pkgs.python3 ];
-          } ''
-          install ${./amend-repart-definitions.py} $out
-          patchShebangs --host $out
-
-          black --check --diff $out
-          ruff --line-length 88 $out
-          mypy --strict $out
-        '';
-
         format = pkgs.formats.ini { };
 
         definitionsDirectory = utils.systemdUtils.lib.definitions
@@ -183,30 +158,11 @@ in
 
         partitions = pkgs.writeText "partitions.json" (builtins.toJSON finalPartitions);
       in
-      pkgs.runCommand cfg.name
-        {
-          nativeBuildInputs = [
-            cfg.package
-            pkgs.fakeroot
-            pkgs.util-linux
-          ] ++ fileSystemTools;
-        } ''
-        amendedRepartDefinitions=$(${amendRepartDefinitions} ${partitions} ${definitionsDirectory})
-
-        mkdir -p $out
-        cd $out
-
-        unshare --map-root-user fakeroot systemd-repart \
-          --dry-run=no \
-          --empty=create \
-          --size=auto \
-          --seed="${cfg.seed}" \
-          --definitions="$amendedRepartDefinitions" \
-          --split="${lib.boolToString cfg.split}" \
-          --json=pretty \
-          image.raw \
-          | tee repart-output.json
-      '';
+      pkgs.callPackage ./repart-image.nix {
+        systemd = cfg.package;
+        inherit (cfg) name split seed;
+        inherit fileSystems definitionsDirectory partitions;
+      };
 
     meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ nikstur ];
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/tools.nix b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/tools.nix
index 9ccc76a82c95..a7d11370d445 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/installer/tools/tools.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/installer/tools/tools.nix
@@ -231,7 +231,8 @@ in
         # even if you've upgraded your system to a new NixOS release.
         #
         # This value does NOT affect the Nixpkgs version your packages and OS are pulled from,
-        # so changing it will NOT upgrade your system.
+        # so changing it will NOT upgrade your system - see https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-upgrading for how
+        # to actually do that.
         #
         # This value being lower than the current NixOS release does NOT mean your system is
         # out of date, out of support, or vulnerable.
diff --git a/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix b/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix
index 46462c5abd43..f3e698468e64 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix
@@ -77,7 +77,11 @@ let
           libPath = filter (pkgs.path + "/lib");
           pkgsLibPath = filter (pkgs.path + "/pkgs/pkgs-lib");
           nixosPath = filter (pkgs.path + "/nixos");
-          modules = map (p: ''"${removePrefix "${modulesPath}/" (toString p)}"'') docModules.lazy;
+          modules =
+            "[ "
+            + concatMapStringsSep " " (p: ''"${removePrefix "${modulesPath}/" (toString p)}"'') docModules.lazy
+            + " ]";
+          passAsFile = [ "modules" ];
         } ''
           export NIX_STORE_DIR=$TMPDIR/store
           export NIX_STATE_DIR=$TMPDIR/state
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@ let
             --argstr libPath "$libPath" \
             --argstr pkgsLibPath "$pkgsLibPath" \
             --argstr nixosPath "$nixosPath" \
-            --arg modules "[ $modules ]" \
+            --arg modules "import $modulesPath" \
             --argstr stateVersion "${options.system.stateVersion.default}" \
             --argstr release "${config.system.nixos.release}" \
             $nixosPath/lib/eval-cacheable-options.nix > $out \
diff --git a/nixos/modules/misc/mandoc.nix b/nixos/modules/misc/mandoc.nix
index 9bcef5b1a09b..73646a60aabb 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/misc/mandoc.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/misc/mandoc.nix
@@ -5,25 +5,39 @@ let
 
   cfg = config.documentation.man.mandoc;
 
-in {
+  toMandocOutput = output: (
+    lib.mapAttrsToList
+      (
+        name: value:
+          if lib.isString value || lib.isPath value then "output ${name} ${value}"
+          else if lib.isInt value then "output ${name} ${builtins.toString value}"
+          else if lib.isBool value then lib.optionalString value "output ${name}"
+          else if value == null then ""
+          else throw "Unrecognized value type ${builtins.typeOf value} of key ${name} in mandoc output settings"
+      )
+      output
+  );
+in
+{
   meta.maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.sternenseemann ];
 
   options = {
     documentation.man.mandoc = {
-      enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "mandoc as the default man page viewer");
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption "mandoc as the default man page viewer";
 
       manPath = lib.mkOption {
         type = with lib.types; listOf str;
         default = [ "share/man" ];
         example = lib.literalExpression "[ \"share/man\" \"share/man/fr\" ]";
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          Change the manpath, i. e. the directories where
-          {manpage}`man(1)`
+        description = ''
+          Change the paths included in the MANPATH environment variable,
+          i. e. the directories where {manpage}`man(1)`
           looks for section-specific directories of man pages.
           You only need to change this setting if you want extra man pages
           (e. g. in non-english languages). All values must be strings that
           are a valid path from the target prefix (without including it).
-          The first value given takes priority.
+          The first value given takes priority. Note that this will not
+          add manpath directives to {manpage}`man.conf(5)`.
         '';
       };
 
@@ -31,11 +45,122 @@ in {
         type = lib.types.package;
         default = pkgs.mandoc;
         defaultText = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.mandoc";
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        description = ''
           The `mandoc` derivation to use. Useful to override
           configuration options used for the package.
         '';
       };
+
+      settings = lib.mkOption {
+        description = "Configuration for {manpage}`man.conf(5)`";
+        default = { };
+        type = lib.types.submodule {
+          options = {
+            manpath = lib.mkOption {
+              type = with lib.types; listOf str;
+              default = [ ];
+              example = lib.literalExpression "[ \"/run/current-system/sw/share/man\" ]";
+              description = ''
+                Override the default search path for {manpage}`man(1)`,
+                {manpage}`apropos(1)`, and {manpage}`makewhatis(8)`. It can be
+                used multiple times to specify multiple paths, with the order
+                determining the manual page search order.
+                This is not recommended in favor of
+                {option}`documentation.man.mandoc.manPath`, but if it's needed to
+                specify the manpath in this way, set
+                {option}`documentation.man.mandoc.manPath` to an empty list (`[]`).
+              '';
+            };
+            output.fragment = lib.mkEnableOption ''
+              Omit the <!DOCTYPE> declaration and the <html>, <head>, and <body>
+              elements and only emit the subtree below the <body> element in HTML
+              output of {manpage}`mandoc(1)`. The style argument will be ignored.
+              This is useful when embedding manual content within existing documents.
+            '';
+            output.includes = lib.mkOption {
+              type = with lib.types; nullOr str;
+              default = null;
+              example = lib.literalExpression "../src/%I.html";
+              description = ''
+                A string of relative path used as a template for the output path of
+                linked header files (usually via the In macro) in HTML output.
+                Instances of `%I` are replaced with the include filename. The
+                default is not to present a hyperlink.
+              '';
+            };
+            output.indent = lib.mkOption {
+              type = with lib.types; nullOr int;
+              default = null;
+              description = ''
+                Number of blank characters at the left margin for normal text,
+                default of `5` for {manpage}`mdoc(7)` and `7` for
+                {manpage}`man(7)`. Increasing this is not recommended; it may
+                result in degraded formatting, for example overfull lines or ugly
+                line breaks. When output is to a pager on a terminal that is less
+                than 66 columns wide, the default is reduced to three columns.
+              '';
+            };
+            output.man = lib.mkOption {
+              type = with lib.types; nullOr str;
+              default = null;
+              example = lib.literalExpression "../html%S/%N.%S.html";
+              description = ''
+                A template for linked manuals (usually via the Xr macro) in HTML
+                output. Instances of ‘%N’ and ‘%S’ are replaced with the linked
+                manual's name and section, respectively. If no section is included,
+                section 1 is assumed. The default is not to present a hyperlink.
+                If two formats are given and a file %N.%S exists in the current
+                directory, the first format is used; otherwise, the second format is used.
+              '';
+            };
+            output.paper = lib.mkOption {
+              type = with lib.types; nullOr str;
+              default = null;
+              description = ''
+                This option is for generating PostScript and PDF output. The paper
+                size name may be one of `a3`, `a4`, `a5`, `legal`, or `letter`.
+                You may also manually specify dimensions as `NNxNN`, width by
+                height in millimetres. If an unknown value is encountered, letter
+                is used. Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in
+                the Times font family, 11-point. Margins are calculated as 1/9 the
+                page length and width. Line-height is 1.4m.
+              '';
+            };
+            output.style = lib.mkOption {
+              type = with lib.types; nullOr path;
+              default = null;
+              description = ''
+                Path to the file used for an external style-sheet. This must be a
+                valid absolute or relative URI.
+              '';
+            };
+            output.toc = lib.mkEnableOption ''
+              In HTML output of {manpage}`mandoc(1)`, If an input file contains
+              at least two non-standard sections, print a table of contents near
+              the beginning of the output.
+            '';
+            output.width = lib.mkOption {
+              type = with lib.types; nullOr int;
+              default = null;
+              description = ''
+                The ASCII and UTF-8 output width, default is `78`. When output is a
+                pager on a terminal that is less than 79 columns wide, the
+                default is reduced to one less than the terminal width. In any case,
+                lines that are output in literal mode are never wrapped and may
+                exceed the output width.
+              '';
+            };
+          };
+        };
+      };
+
+      extraConfig = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.lines;
+        default = "";
+        description = ''
+          Extra configuration to write to {manpage}`man.conf(5)`.
+        '';
+      };
     };
   };
 
@@ -43,21 +168,29 @@ in {
     environment = {
       systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
 
-      # tell mandoc about man pages
-      etc."man.conf".text = lib.concatMapStrings (path: ''
-        manpath /run/current-system/sw/${path}
-      '') cfg.manPath;
+      etc."man.conf".text = lib.concatStringsSep "\n" (
+        (map (path: "manpath ${path}") cfg.settings.manpath)
+        ++ (toMandocOutput cfg.settings.output)
+        ++ [ cfg.extraConfig ]
+      );
 
       # create mandoc.db for whatis(1), apropos(1) and man(1) -k
       # TODO(@sternenseemman): fix symlinked directories not getting indexed,
       # see: https://inbox.vuxu.org/mandoc-tech/20210906171231.GF83680@athene.usta.de/T/#e85f773c1781e3fef85562b2794f9cad7b2909a3c
       extraSetup = lib.mkIf config.documentation.man.generateCaches ''
-        ${makewhatis} -T utf8 ${
+        for man_path in ${
           lib.concatMapStringsSep " " (path:
             "$out/" + lib.escapeShellArg path
-          ) cfg.manPath
-        }
+            ) cfg.manPath} ${lib.concatMapStringsSep " " (path:
+            lib.escapeShellArg path) cfg.settings.manpath
+          }
+        do
+          [[ -d "$man_path" ]] && ${makewhatis} -T utf8 $man_path
+        done
       '';
+
+      # tell mandoc the paths containing man pages
+      profileRelativeSessionVariables."MANPATH" = map (path: if builtins.substring 0 1 path != "/" then "/${path}" else path) cfg.manPath;
     };
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
index ab07596586ba..36f34e50d595 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/module-list.nix
@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@
   ./programs/virt-manager.nix
   ./programs/wavemon.nix
   ./programs/wayland/cardboard.nix
+  ./programs/wayland/labwc.nix
   ./programs/wayland/river.nix
   ./programs/wayland/sway.nix
   ./programs/wayland/waybar.nix
@@ -344,6 +345,7 @@
   ./services/audio/mopidy.nix
   ./services/audio/mpd.nix
   ./services/audio/mpdscribble.nix
+  ./services/audio/mympd.nix
   ./services/audio/navidrome.nix
   ./services/audio/networkaudiod.nix
   ./services/audio/roon-bridge.nix
@@ -496,6 +498,7 @@
   ./services/development/jupyterhub/default.nix
   ./services/development/livebook.nix
   ./services/development/lorri.nix
+  ./services/development/nixseparatedebuginfod.nix
   ./services/development/rstudio-server/default.nix
   ./services/development/zammad.nix
   ./services/display-managers/greetd.nix
@@ -619,6 +622,7 @@
   ./services/mail/public-inbox.nix
   ./services/mail/roundcube.nix
   ./services/mail/rspamd.nix
+  ./services/mail/rspamd-trainer.nix
   ./services/mail/rss2email.nix
   ./services/mail/schleuder.nix
   ./services/mail/spamassassin.nix
@@ -721,6 +725,7 @@
   ./services/misc/nzbget.nix
   ./services/misc/nzbhydra2.nix
   ./services/misc/octoprint.nix
+  ./services/misc/ollama.nix
   ./services/misc/ombi.nix
   ./services/misc/osrm.nix
   ./services/misc/owncast.nix
@@ -947,6 +952,7 @@
   ./services/networking/ghostunnel.nix
   ./services/networking/git-daemon.nix
   ./services/networking/globalprotect-vpn.nix
+  ./services/networking/gns3-server.nix
   ./services/networking/gnunet.nix
   ./services/networking/go-autoconfig.nix
   ./services/networking/go-neb.nix
@@ -1172,6 +1178,7 @@
   ./services/search/typesense.nix
   ./services/security/aesmd.nix
   ./services/security/authelia.nix
+  ./services/security/bitwarden-directory-connector-cli.nix
   ./services/security/certmgr.nix
   ./services/security/cfssl.nix
   ./services/security/clamav.nix
@@ -1260,6 +1267,7 @@
   ./services/web-apps/changedetection-io.nix
   ./services/web-apps/chatgpt-retrieval-plugin.nix
   ./services/web-apps/cloudlog.nix
+  ./services/web-apps/code-server.nix
   ./services/web-apps/convos.nix
   ./services/web-apps/dex.nix
   ./services/web-apps/discourse.nix
diff --git a/nixos/modules/profiles/installation-device.nix b/nixos/modules/profiles/installation-device.nix
index 52750cd472da..58f07b050b5c 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/profiles/installation-device.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/profiles/installation-device.nix
@@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ with lib;
       ];
 
     boot.swraid.enable = true;
+    # remove warning about unset mail
+    boot.swraid.mdadmConf = "PROGRAM ${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/true";
 
     # Show all debug messages from the kernel but don't log refused packets
     # because we have the firewall enabled. This makes installs from the
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/atop.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/atop.nix
index 7d9491d1fc1f..003cfdbfc8fa 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/atop.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/atop.nix
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ in
                 atop.preStart = ''
                   set -e -u
                   shopt -s nullglob
+                  rm -f "$LOGPATH"/atop_*.new
                   for logfile in "$LOGPATH"/atop_*
                   do
                     ${atop}/bin/atopconvert "$logfile" "$logfile".new
@@ -144,9 +145,9 @@ in
                     # false positives for atop-rotate.service
                     if ! ${pkgs.diffutils}/bin/cmp -s "$logfile" "$logfile".new
                     then
-                      ${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/mv -v -f "$logfile".new "$logfile"
+                      mv -v -f "$logfile".new "$logfile"
                     else
-                      ${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/rm -f "$logfile".new
+                      rm -f "$logfile".new
                     fi
                   done
                 '';
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/direnv.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/direnv.nix
index 1aa62ea54d2c..fdc646eb4b16 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/direnv.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/direnv.nix
@@ -49,7 +49,14 @@ in {
           default = true;
         };
 
-      package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "nix-direnv" {};
+      package = lib.mkOption {
+        default = pkgs.nix-direnv.override { nix = config.nix.package; };
+        defaultText = "pkgs.nix-direnv";
+        type = lib.types.package;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The nix-direnv package to use
+        '';
+      };
     };
   };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/firefox.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/firefox.nix
index 1edf935d1649..29c567783e27 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/firefox.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/firefox.nix
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ in
 
     # Preferences are converted into a policy
     programs.firefox.policies = {
+      DisableAppUpdate = true;
       Preferences = (mapAttrs
         (_: value: { Value = value; Status = cfg.preferencesStatus; })
         cfg.preferences);
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/gamemode.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/gamemode.nix
index c43e2c2296f5..344f392852e2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/gamemode.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/gamemode.nix
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ in
 
       settings = mkOption {
         type = settingsFormat.type;
-        default = {};
+        default = { };
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           System-wide configuration for GameMode (/etc/gamemode.ini).
           See gamemoded(8) man page for available settings.
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/gpaste.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/gpaste.nix
index 074b4d59a365..37172c9583a3 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/gpaste.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/gpaste.nix
@@ -32,5 +32,7 @@ with lib;
     systemd.packages = [ pkgs.gnome.gpaste ];
     # gnome-control-center crashes in Keyboard Shortcuts pane without the GSettings schemas.
     services.xserver.desktopManager.gnome.sessionPath = [ pkgs.gnome.gpaste ];
+    # gpaste-reloaded applet doesn't work without the typelib
+    services.xserver.desktopManager.cinnamon.sessionPath = [ pkgs.gnome.gpaste ];
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/mininet.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/mininet.nix
index 01ffd811e70e..3568736854d8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/mininet.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/mininet.nix
@@ -6,39 +6,6 @@ with lib;
 
 let
   cfg = config.programs.mininet;
-
-  telnet = pkgs.runCommand "inetutils-telnet"
-    { }
-    ''
-      mkdir -p $out/bin
-      ln -s ${pkgs.inetutils}/bin/telnet $out/bin
-    '';
-
-  generatedPath = with pkgs; makeSearchPath "bin" [
-    iperf
-    ethtool
-    iproute2
-    socat
-    # mn errors out without a telnet binary
-    # pkgs.inetutils brings an undesired ifconfig into PATH see #43105
-    nettools
-    telnet
-  ];
-
-  pyEnv = pkgs.python3.withPackages (ps: [ ps.mininet-python ]);
-
-  mnexecWrapped = pkgs.runCommand "mnexec-wrapper"
-    { nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.makeWrapper pkgs.python3Packages.wrapPython ]; }
-    ''
-      makeWrapper ${pkgs.mininet}/bin/mnexec \
-        $out/bin/mnexec \
-        --prefix PATH : "${generatedPath}"
-
-      makeWrapper ${pyEnv}/bin/mn \
-        $out/bin/mn \
-        --prefix PYTHONPATH : "${pyEnv}/${pyEnv.sitePackages}" \
-        --prefix PATH : "${generatedPath}"
-    '';
 in
 {
   options.programs.mininet.enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "Mininet");
@@ -47,6 +14,6 @@ in
 
     virtualisation.vswitch.enable = true;
 
-    environment.systemPackages = [ mnexecWrapped ];
+    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.mininet ];
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/partition-manager.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/partition-manager.nix
index c18598b7c25d..cf0491ff028f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/partition-manager.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/partition-manager.nix
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ with lib;
   config = mkIf config.programs.partition-manager.enable {
     services.dbus.packages = [ pkgs.libsForQt5.kpmcore ];
     # `kpmcore` need to be installed to pull in polkit actions.
-    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.libsForQt5.kpmcore pkgs.partition-manager ];
+    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.libsForQt5.kpmcore pkgs.libsForQt5.partitionmanager ];
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix
index 18eb3f938f3d..c39a3c8d509b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/ssh.nix
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@ let
 
   cfg  = config.programs.ssh;
 
-  askPassword = cfg.askPassword;
-
   askPasswordWrapper = pkgs.writeScript "ssh-askpass-wrapper"
     ''
       #! ${pkgs.runtimeShell} -e
       export DISPLAY="$(systemctl --user show-environment | ${pkgs.gnused}/bin/sed 's/^DISPLAY=\(.*\)/\1/; t; d')"
       export WAYLAND_DISPLAY="$(systemctl --user show-environment | ${pkgs.gnused}/bin/sed 's/^WAYLAND_DISPLAY=\(.*\)/\1/; t; d')"
-      exec ${askPassword} "$@"
+      exec ${cfg.askPassword} "$@"
     '';
 
   knownHosts = attrValues cfg.knownHosts;
@@ -52,10 +50,11 @@ in
       };
 
       forwardX11 = mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
+        type = with lib.types; nullOr bool;
         default = false;
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
           Whether to request X11 forwarding on outgoing connections by default.
+          If set to null, the option is not set at all.
           This is useful for running graphical programs on the remote machine and have them display to your local X11 server.
           Historically, this value has depended on the value used by the local sshd daemon, but there really isn't a relation between the two.
           Note: there are some security risks to forwarding an X11 connection.
@@ -274,10 +273,10 @@ in
   config = {
 
     programs.ssh.setXAuthLocation =
-      mkDefault (config.services.xserver.enable || config.programs.ssh.forwardX11 || config.services.openssh.settings.X11Forwarding);
+      mkDefault (config.services.xserver.enable || config.programs.ssh.forwardX11 == true || config.services.openssh.settings.X11Forwarding);
 
     assertions =
-      [ { assertion = cfg.forwardX11 -> cfg.setXAuthLocation;
+      [ { assertion = cfg.forwardX11 == true -> cfg.setXAuthLocation;
           message = "cannot enable X11 forwarding without setting XAuth location";
         }
       ] ++ flip mapAttrsToList cfg.knownHosts (name: data: {
@@ -298,11 +297,8 @@ in
         AddressFamily ${if config.networking.enableIPv6 then "any" else "inet"}
         GlobalKnownHostsFile ${concatStringsSep " " knownHostsFiles}
 
-        ${optionalString cfg.setXAuthLocation ''
-          XAuthLocation ${pkgs.xorg.xauth}/bin/xauth
-        ''}
-
-        ForwardX11 ${if cfg.forwardX11 then "yes" else "no"}
+        ${optionalString cfg.setXAuthLocation "XAuthLocation ${pkgs.xorg.xauth}/bin/xauth"}
+        ${lib.optionalString (cfg.forwardX11 != null) "ForwardX11 ${if cfg.forwardX11 then "yes" else "no"}"}
 
         ${optionalString (cfg.pubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes != []) "PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes ${concatStringsSep "," cfg.pubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes}"}
         ${optionalString (cfg.hostKeyAlgorithms != []) "HostKeyAlgorithms ${concatStringsSep "," cfg.hostKeyAlgorithms}"}
@@ -344,7 +340,7 @@ in
         fi
       '';
 
-    environment.variables.SSH_ASKPASS = optionalString cfg.enableAskPassword askPassword;
+    environment.variables.SSH_ASKPASS = optionalString cfg.enableAskPassword cfg.askPassword;
 
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/wayland/labwc.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/wayland/labwc.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d0806c3aa5d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/wayland/labwc.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  cfg = config.programs.labwc;
+in
+{
+  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ AndersonTorres ];
+
+  options.programs.labwc = {
+    enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "labwc");
+    package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "labwc" { };
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable (lib.mkMerge [
+    {
+      environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
+
+      xdg.portal.config.wlroots.default = lib.mkDefault [ "wlr" "gtk" ];
+
+      # To make a labwc session available for certain DMs like SDDM
+      services.xserver.displayManager.sessionPackages = [ cfg.package ];
+    }
+    (import ./wayland-session.nix { inherit lib pkgs; })
+  ]);
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/programs/wayland/sway.nix b/nixos/modules/programs/wayland/sway.nix
index f96c833856db..57ee629b2881 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/programs/wayland/sway.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/programs/wayland/sway.nix
@@ -26,13 +26,28 @@ let
     };
   };
 
-  defaultSwayPackage = pkgs.sway.override {
-    extraSessionCommands = cfg.extraSessionCommands;
-    extraOptions = cfg.extraOptions;
-    withBaseWrapper = cfg.wrapperFeatures.base;
-    withGtkWrapper = cfg.wrapperFeatures.gtk;
-    isNixOS = true;
-  };
+  genFinalPackage = pkg:
+    let
+      expectedArgs = lib.naturalSort [
+        "extraSessionCommands"
+        "extraOptions"
+        "withBaseWrapper"
+        "withGtkWrapper"
+        "isNixOS"
+      ];
+      existedArgs = with lib;
+        naturalSort
+        (intersectLists expectedArgs (attrNames (functionArgs pkg.override)));
+    in if existedArgs != expectedArgs then
+      pkg
+    else
+      pkg.override {
+        extraSessionCommands = cfg.extraSessionCommands;
+        extraOptions = cfg.extraOptions;
+        withBaseWrapper = cfg.wrapperFeatures.base;
+        withGtkWrapper = cfg.wrapperFeatures.gtk;
+        isNixOS = true;
+      };
 in {
   options.programs.sway = {
     enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc ''
@@ -44,14 +59,16 @@ in {
 
     package = mkOption {
       type = with types; nullOr package;
-      default = defaultSwayPackage;
+      default = pkgs.sway;
+      apply = p: if p == null then null else genFinalPackage p;
       defaultText = literalExpression "pkgs.sway";
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        Sway package to use. Will override the options
-        'wrapperFeatures', 'extraSessionCommands', and 'extraOptions'.
-        Set to `null` to not add any Sway package to your
-        path. This should be done if you want to use the Home Manager Sway
-        module to install Sway.
+        Sway package to use. If the package does not contain the override arguments
+        `extraSessionCommands`, `extraOptions`, `withBaseWrapper`, `withGtkWrapper`,
+        `isNixOS`, then the module options {option}`wrapperFeatures`,
+        {option}`wrapperFeatures` and {option}`wrapperFeatures` will have no effect.
+        Set to `null` to not add any Sway package to your path. This should be done if
+        you want to use the Home Manager Sway module to install Sway.
       '';
     };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/apparmor.nix b/nixos/modules/security/apparmor.nix
index 24b48338ed77..ea1af6c6e2f2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/apparmor.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/apparmor.nix
@@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ in
         "local-fs.target"
         "systemd-journald-audit.socket"
       ];
-      before = [ "sysinit.target" ];
+      before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       unitConfig = {
         Description="Load AppArmor policies";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/auditd.nix b/nixos/modules/security/auditd.nix
index db4b2701ee2e..253ee1d4dd0e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/auditd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/auditd.nix
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ with lib;
     systemd.services.auditd = {
       description = "Linux Audit daemon";
       wantedBy = [ "basic.target" ];
+      before = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
 
       unitConfig = {
         ConditionVirtualization = "!container";
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ with lib;
       path = [ pkgs.audit ];
 
       serviceConfig = {
-        ExecStartPre="${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/mkdir -p /var/log/audit";
+        ExecStartPre = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/mkdir -p /var/log/audit";
         ExecStart = "${pkgs.audit}/bin/auditd -l -n -s nochange";
       };
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/duosec.nix b/nixos/modules/security/duosec.nix
index 2a855a77e3a3..ef76bfeb6d66 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/duosec.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/duosec.nix
@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@ in
 
     systemd.services.login-duo = lib.mkIf cfg.ssh.enable {
       wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
-      before = [ "sysinit.target" ];
+      before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
       script = ''
         if test -f "${cfg.secretKeyFile}"; then
@@ -216,7 +217,8 @@ in
 
     systemd.services.pam-duo = lib.mkIf cfg.ssh.enable {
       wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
-      before = [ "sysinit.target" ];
+      before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
       script = ''
         if test -f "${cfg.secretKeyFile}"; then
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/ipa.nix b/nixos/modules/security/ipa.nix
index 69a670cd5e4a..49226ec38199 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/ipa.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/ipa.nix
@@ -181,25 +181,33 @@ in {
       '';
     };
 
-    system.activationScripts.ipa = stringAfter ["etc"] ''
-      # libcurl requires a hard copy of the certificate
-      if ! ${pkgs.diffutils}/bin/diff ${cfg.certificate} /etc/ipa/ca.crt > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-        rm -f /etc/ipa/ca.crt
-        cp ${cfg.certificate} /etc/ipa/ca.crt
-      fi
-
-      if [ ! -f /etc/krb5.keytab ]; then
-        cat <<EOF
-
-          In order to complete FreeIPA integration, please join the domain by completing the following steps:
-          1. Authenticate as an IPA user authorized to join new hosts, e.g. kinit admin@${cfg.realm}
-          2. Join the domain and obtain the keytab file: ipa-join
-          3. Install the keytab file: sudo install -m 600 krb5.keytab /etc/
-          4. Restart sssd systemd service: sudo systemctl restart sssd
-
-      EOF
-      fi
-    '';
+    systemd.services."ipa-activation" = {
+      wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
+      before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+      unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
+      serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+      serviceConfig.RemainAfterExit = true;
+      script = ''
+        # libcurl requires a hard copy of the certificate
+        if ! ${pkgs.diffutils}/bin/diff ${cfg.certificate} /etc/ipa/ca.crt > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+          rm -f /etc/ipa/ca.crt
+          cp ${cfg.certificate} /etc/ipa/ca.crt
+        fi
+
+        if [ ! -f /etc/krb5.keytab ]; then
+          cat <<EOF
+
+            In order to complete FreeIPA integration, please join the domain by completing the following steps:
+            1. Authenticate as an IPA user authorized to join new hosts, e.g. kinit admin@${cfg.realm}
+            2. Join the domain and obtain the keytab file: ipa-join
+            3. Install the keytab file: sudo install -m 600 krb5.keytab /etc/
+            4. Restart sssd systemd service: sudo systemctl restart sssd
+
+        EOF
+        fi
+      '';
+    };
 
     services.sssd.config = ''
       [domain/${cfg.domain}]
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix b/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
index c99615d5a636..50f9272ac301 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix
@@ -654,8 +654,8 @@ let
           { name = "mysql"; enable = cfg.mysqlAuth; control = "sufficient"; modulePath = "${pkgs.pam_mysql}/lib/security/pam_mysql.so"; settings = {
             config_file = "/etc/security/pam_mysql.conf";
           }; }
-          { name = "ssh_agent_auth"; enable = config.security.pam.enableSSHAgentAuth && cfg.sshAgentAuth; control = "sufficient"; modulePath = "${pkgs.pam_ssh_agent_auth}/libexec/pam_ssh_agent_auth.so"; settings = {
-            file = lib.concatStringsSep ":" config.services.openssh.authorizedKeysFiles;
+          { name = "ssh_agent_auth"; enable = config.security.pam.sshAgentAuth.enable && cfg.sshAgentAuth; control = "sufficient"; modulePath = "${pkgs.pam_ssh_agent_auth}/libexec/pam_ssh_agent_auth.so"; settings = {
+            file = lib.concatStringsSep ":" config.security.pam.sshAgentAuth.authorizedKeysFiles;
           }; }
           (let p11 = config.security.pam.p11; in { name = "p11"; enable = cfg.p11Auth; control = p11.control; modulePath = "${pkgs.pam_p11}/lib/security/pam_p11.so"; args = [
             "${pkgs.opensc}/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so"
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ let
       value.source = pkgs.writeText "${name}.pam" service.text;
     };
 
-  optionalSudoConfigForSSHAgentAuth = optionalString config.security.pam.enableSSHAgentAuth ''
+  optionalSudoConfigForSSHAgentAuth = optionalString config.security.pam.sshAgentAuth.enable ''
     # Keep SSH_AUTH_SOCK so that pam_ssh_agent_auth.so can do its magic.
     Defaults env_keep+=SSH_AUTH_SOCK
   '';
@@ -956,6 +956,7 @@ in
 
   imports = [
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "security" "pam" "enableU2F" ] [ "security" "pam" "u2f" "enable" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "security" "pam" "enableSSHAgentAuth" ] [ "security" "pam" "sshAgentAuth" "enable" ])
   ];
 
   ###### interface
@@ -1025,16 +1026,34 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
-    security.pam.enableSSHAgentAuth = mkOption {
-      type = types.bool;
-      default = false;
-      description =
-        lib.mdDoc ''
-          Enable sudo logins if the user's SSH agent provides a key
-          present in {file}`~/.ssh/authorized_keys`.
-          This allows machines to exclusively use SSH keys instead of
-          passwords.
+    security.pam.sshAgentAuth = {
+      enable = mkEnableOption ''
+        authenticating using a signature performed by the ssh-agent.
+        This allows using SSH keys exclusively, instead of passwords, for instance on remote machines
+      '';
+
+      authorizedKeysFiles = mkOption {
+        type = with types; listOf str;
+        description = ''
+          A list of paths to files in OpenSSH's `authorized_keys` format, containing
+          the keys that will be trusted by the `pam_ssh_agent_auth` module.
+
+          The following patterns are expanded when interpreting the path:
+          - `%f` and `%H` respectively expand to the fully-qualified and short hostname ;
+          - `%u` expands to the username ;
+          - `~` or `%h` expands to the user's home directory.
+
+          ::: {.note}
+          Specifying user-writeable files here result in an insecure configuration:  a malicious process
+          can then edit such an authorized_keys file and bypass the ssh-agent-based authentication.
+
+          See [issue #31611](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/31611)
+          :::
         '';
+        example = [ "/etc/ssh/authorized_keys.d/%u" ];
+        default = config.services.openssh.authorizedKeysFiles;
+        defaultText = literalExpression "config.services.openssh.authorizedKeysFiles";
+      };
     };
 
     security.pam.enableOTPW = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "the OTPW (one-time password) PAM module");
@@ -1456,8 +1475,25 @@ in
           `security.pam.zfs.enable` requires enabling ZFS (`boot.zfs.enabled` or `boot.zfs.enableUnstable`).
         '';
       }
+      {
+        assertion = with config.security.pam.sshAgentAuth; enable -> authorizedKeysFiles != [];
+        message = ''
+          `security.pam.enableSSHAgentAuth` requires `services.openssh.authorizedKeysFiles` to be a non-empty list.
+          Did you forget to set `services.openssh.enable` ?
+        '';
+      }
     ];
 
+    warnings = optional
+      (with lib; with config.security.pam.sshAgentAuth;
+        enable && any (s: hasPrefix "%h" s || hasPrefix "~" s) authorizedKeysFiles)
+      ''config.security.pam.sshAgentAuth.authorizedKeysFiles contains files in the user's home directory.
+
+        Specifying user-writeable files there result in an insecure configuration:
+        a malicious process can then edit such an authorized_keys file and bypass the ssh-agent-based authentication.
+        See https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/31611
+      '';
+
     environment.systemPackages =
       # Include the PAM modules in the system path mostly for the manpages.
       [ pkgs.pam ]
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/sudo-rs.nix b/nixos/modules/security/sudo-rs.nix
index f991675827ef..b4376562c34d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/sudo-rs.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/sudo-rs.nix
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ let
 
   cfg = config.security.sudo-rs;
 
-  inherit (config.security.pam) enableSSHAgentAuth;
-
   toUserString = user: if (isInt user) then "#${toString user}" else "${user}";
   toGroupString = group: if (isInt group) then "%#${toString group}" else "%${group}";
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix b/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix
index 3dd5d2e525d9..6aa9445eab65 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/sudo.nix
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ let
 
   cfg = config.security.sudo;
 
-  inherit (config.security.pam) enableSSHAgentAuth;
-
   toUserString = user: if (isInt user) then "#${toString user}" else "${user}";
   toGroupString = group: if (isInt group) then "%#${toString group}" else "%${group}";
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix
index 250f9775be14..a298686b34e9 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/default.nix
@@ -278,7 +278,9 @@ in
     systemd.services.suid-sgid-wrappers = {
       description = "Create SUID/SGID Wrappers";
       wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
-      before = [ "sysinit.target" ];
+      before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+      after = [ "systemd-sysusers.service" ];
       unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
       unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = [ "/nix/store" "/run/wrappers" ];
       serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix
index 27d46c630af5..ca4b27bff180 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/security/wrappers/wrapper.nix
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 { stdenv, unsecvars, linuxHeaders, sourceProg, debug ? false }:
 # For testing:
-# $ nix-build -E 'with import <nixpkgs> {}; pkgs.callPackage ./wrapper.nix { parentWrapperDir = "/run/wrappers"; debug = true; }'
+# $ nix-build -E 'with import <nixpkgs> {}; pkgs.callPackage ./wrapper.nix { sourceProg = "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello"; debug = true; }'
 stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "security-wrapper";
+  name = "security-wrapper-${baseNameOf sourceProg}";
   buildInputs = [ linuxHeaders ];
   dontUnpack = true;
   CFLAGS = [
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/admin/pgadmin.nix b/nixos/modules/services/admin/pgadmin.nix
index 390c80d1a2d4..5eaa911e37f1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/admin/pgadmin.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/admin/pgadmin.nix
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 with lib;
 
 let
-  pkg = pkgs.pgadmin4;
   cfg = config.services.pgadmin;
 
   _base = with types; [ int bool str ];
@@ -36,6 +35,8 @@ in
       default = 5050;
     };
 
+    package = mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "pgadmin4" { };
+
     initialEmail = mkOption {
       description = lib.mdDoc "Initial email for the pgAdmin account";
       type = types.str;
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ in
           echo "$PW"
           # Retype password:
           echo "$PW"
-        ) | ${pkg}/bin/pgadmin4-setup
+        ) | ${cfg.package}/bin/pgadmin4-setup
       '';
 
       restartTriggers = [
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ in
         DynamicUser = true;
         LogsDirectory = "pgadmin";
         StateDirectory = "pgadmin";
-        ExecStart = "${pkg}/bin/pgadmin4";
+        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/pgadmin4";
       };
     };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/audio/mympd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/audio/mympd.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1c7197085d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/audio/mympd.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{ pkgs, config, lib, ... }:
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.mympd;
+in {
+  options = {
+
+    services.mympd = {
+
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "MyMPD server");
+
+      package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "mympd" {};
+
+      openFirewall = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Open ports needed for the functionality of the program.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      extraGroups = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.str;
+        default = [ ];
+        example = [ "music" ];
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Additional groups for the systemd service.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      settings = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.submodule {
+          freeformType = with lib.types; attrsOf (nullOr (oneOf [ str bool int ]));
+          options = {
+            http_port = lib.mkOption {
+              type = lib.types.port;
+              description = lib.mdDoc ''
+                The HTTP port where mympd's web interface will be available.
+
+                The HTTPS/SSL port can be configured via {option}`config`.
+              '';
+              example = "8080";
+            };
+
+            ssl = lib.mkOption {
+              type = lib.types.bool;
+              description = lib.mdDoc ''
+                Whether to enable listening on the SSL port.
+
+                Refer to <https://jcorporation.github.io/myMPD/configuration/configuration-files#ssl-options>
+                for more information.
+              '';
+              default = false;
+            };
+          };
+        };
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Manages the configuration files declaratively. For all the configuration
+          options, see <https://jcorporation.github.io/myMPD/configuration/configuration-files>.
+
+          Each key represents the "File" column from the upstream configuration table, and the
+          value is the content of that file.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    systemd.services.mympd = {
+      # upstream service config: https://github.com/jcorporation/myMPD/blob/master/contrib/initscripts/mympd.service.in
+      after = [ "mpd.service" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      preStart = with lib; ''
+        config_dir="/var/lib/mympd/config"
+        mkdir -p "$config_dir"
+
+        ${pipe cfg.settings [
+          (mapAttrsToList (name: value: ''
+            echo -n "${if isBool value then boolToString value else toString value}" > "$config_dir/${name}"
+            ''))
+          (concatStringsSep "\n")
+        ]}
+      '';
+      unitConfig = {
+        Description = "myMPD server daemon";
+        Documentation = "man:mympd(1)";
+      };
+      serviceConfig = {
+        AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE";
+        CapabilityBoundingSet = "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE";
+        DynamicUser = true;
+        ExecStart = lib.getExe cfg.package;
+        LockPersonality = true;
+        MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+        PrivateDevices = true;
+        ProtectClock = true;
+        ProtectControlGroups = true;
+        ProtectHome = true;
+        ProtectHostname = true;
+        ProtectKernelLogs = true;
+        ProtectKernelModules = true;
+        ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+        ProtectProc = "invisible";
+        RestrictRealtime = true;
+        StateDirectory = "mympd";
+        CacheDirectory = "mympd";
+        RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_INET AF_INET6 AF_NETLINK AF_UNIX";
+        RestrictNamespaces = true;
+        SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+        SystemCallFilter = "@system-service";
+        SupplementaryGroups = cfg.extraGroups;
+      };
+    };
+
+    networking.firewall = lib.mkMerge [
+      (lib.mkIf cfg.openFirewall {
+        allowedTCPPorts = [ cfg.settings.http_port ];
+      })
+      (lib.mkIf (cfg.openFirewall && cfg.settings.ssl && cfg.settings.ssl_port != null) {
+        allowedTCPPorts = [ cfg.settings.ssl_port ];
+      })
+    ];
+
+  };
+
+  meta.maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.eliandoran ];
+
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/backup/borgbackup.nix b/nixos/modules/services/backup/borgbackup.nix
index 393fe83f493f..6f4455d3be60 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/backup/borgbackup.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/backup/borgbackup.nix
@@ -143,20 +143,15 @@ let
   };
 
   # Paths listed in ReadWritePaths must exist before service is started
-  mkActivationScript = name: cfg:
+  mkTmpfiles = name: cfg:
     let
-      install = "install -o ${cfg.user} -g ${cfg.group}";
-    in
-      nameValuePair "borgbackup-job-${name}" (stringAfter [ "users" ] (''
-        # Ensure that the home directory already exists
-        # We can't assert createHome == true because that's not the case for root
-        cd "${config.users.users.${cfg.user}.home}"
-        # Create each directory separately to prevent root owned parent dirs
-        ${install} -d .config .config/borg
-        ${install} -d .cache .cache/borg
-      '' + optionalString (isLocalPath cfg.repo && !cfg.removableDevice) ''
-        ${install} -d ${escapeShellArg cfg.repo}
-      ''));
+      settings = { inherit (cfg) user group; };
+    in lib.nameValuePair "borgbackup-job-${name}" ({
+      "${config.users.users."${cfg.user}".home}/.config/borg".d = settings;
+      "${config.users.users."${cfg.user}".home}/.cache/borg".d = settings;
+    } // optionalAttrs (isLocalPath cfg.repo && !cfg.removableDevice) {
+      "${cfg.repo}".d = settings;
+    });
 
   mkPassAssertion = name: cfg: {
     assertion = with cfg.encryption;
@@ -760,7 +755,7 @@ in {
         ++ mapAttrsToList mkSourceAssertions jobs
         ++ mapAttrsToList mkRemovableDeviceAssertions jobs;
 
-      system.activationScripts = mapAttrs' mkActivationScript jobs;
+      systemd.tmpfiles.settings = mapAttrs' mkTmpfiles jobs;
 
       systemd.services =
         # A job named "foo" is mapped to systemd.services.borgbackup-job-foo
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
index 56abeda3a5cd..446d19b8fd5a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/master.nix
@@ -305,5 +305,5 @@ in {
     '')
   ];
 
-  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ mic92 lopsided98 ];
+  meta.maintainers = lib.teams.buildbot.members;
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix
index 2a836c24dda3..9c7b2bdd06e0 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot/worker.nix
@@ -188,6 +188,6 @@ in {
     };
   };
 
-  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ ];
+  meta.maintainers = lib.teams.buildbot.members;
 
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildkite-agents.nix b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildkite-agents.nix
index a35ca4168074..2e488f83d4c3 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildkite-agents.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildkite-agents.nix
@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ let
         type = lib.types.str;
       };
 
+      extraGroups = lib.mkOption {
+        default = [ "keys" ];
+        description = lib.mdDoc "Groups the user for this buildkite agent should belong to";
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.str;
+      };
+
       runtimePackages = lib.mkOption {
         default = [ pkgs.bash pkgs.gnutar pkgs.gzip pkgs.git pkgs.nix ];
         defaultText = lib.literalExpression "[ pkgs.bash pkgs.gnutar pkgs.gzip pkgs.git pkgs.nix ]";
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ in
       home = cfg.dataDir;
       createHome = true;
       description = "Buildkite agent user";
-      extraGroups = [ "keys" ];
+      extraGroups = cfg.extraGroups;
       isSystemUser = true;
       group = "buildkite-agent-${name}";
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/databases/aerospike.nix b/nixos/modules/services/databases/aerospike.nix
index 373c8f4bffb0..4923c0f00ddb 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/databases/aerospike.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/databases/aerospike.nix
@@ -108,6 +108,11 @@ in
     };
     users.groups.aerospike.gid = config.ids.gids.aerospike;
 
+    boot.kernel.sysctl = {
+      "net.core.rmem_max" = mkDefault 15728640;
+      "net.core.wmem_max" = mkDefault 5242880;
+    };
+
     systemd.services.aerospike = rec {
       description = "Aerospike server";
 
@@ -131,14 +136,6 @@ in
           echo "kernel.shmmax too low, setting to 1GB"
           ${pkgs.procps}/bin/sysctl -w kernel.shmmax=1073741824
         fi
-        if [ $(echo "$(cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max) < 15728640" | ${pkgs.bc}/bin/bc) == "1" ]; then
-          echo "increasing socket buffer limit (/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max): $(cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max) -> 15728640"
-          echo 15728640 > /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
-        fi
-        if [ $(echo "$(cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max) <  5242880" | ${pkgs.bc}/bin/bc) == "1"  ]; then
-          echo "increasing socket buffer limit (/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max): $(cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max) -> 5242880"
-          echo  5242880 > /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
-        fi
         install -d -m0700 -o ${serviceConfig.User} -g ${serviceConfig.Group} "${cfg.workDir}"
         install -d -m0700 -o ${serviceConfig.User} -g ${serviceConfig.Group} "${cfg.workDir}/smd"
         install -d -m0700 -o ${serviceConfig.User} -g ${serviceConfig.Group} "${cfg.workDir}/udf"
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.md b/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.md
index 73ddc57f6179..5012e977a4f7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.md
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ which runs the server.
     port = 20123;
     # See note below about security
     environmentFile = pkgs.writeText "livebook.env" ''
-      LIVEBOOK_PASSWORD = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
+      LIVEBOOK_PASSWORD = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
     '';
   };
 }
@@ -37,3 +37,14 @@ A better approach would be to put the password in some secure
 user-readable location and set `environmentFile = /home/user/secure/livebook.env`.
 
 :::
+
+### Extra dependencies {#module-services-livebook-extra-dependencies}
+
+By default, the Livebook service is run with minimum dependencies, but
+some features require additional packages.  For example, the machine
+learning Kinos require `gcc` and `gnumake`.  To add these, use
+`extraPackages`:
+
+```
+services.livebook.extraPackages = with pkgs; [ gcc gnumake ];
+```
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.nix b/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.nix
index 3991a4125ec3..75729ff28efa 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/development/livebook.nix
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ in
     # future, this can be changed to a system service.
     enableUserService = mkEnableOption "a user service for Livebook";
 
+    package = mkPackageOption pkgs "livebook" { };
+
     environmentFile = mkOption {
       type = types.path;
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
@@ -63,6 +65,15 @@ in
         }
       '';
     };
+
+    extraPackages = mkOption {
+      type = with types; listOf package;
+      default = [ ];
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Extra packages to make available to the Livebook service.
+      '';
+      example = literalExpression "with pkgs; [ gcc gnumake ]";
+    };
   };
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enableUserService {
@@ -79,9 +90,9 @@ in
               sname = cfg.erlang_node_short_name;
             } // cfg.options);
           in
-          "${pkgs.livebook}/bin/livebook server ${args}";
+            "${cfg.package}/bin/livebook server ${args}";
       };
-      path = [ pkgs.bash ];
+      path = [ pkgs.bash ] ++ cfg.extraPackages;
       wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
     };
   };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/development/nixseparatedebuginfod.nix b/nixos/modules/services/development/nixseparatedebuginfod.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..daf85153d339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/development/nixseparatedebuginfod.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{ pkgs, lib, config, ... }:
+let
+  cfg = config.services.nixseparatedebuginfod;
+  url = "127.0.0.1:${toString cfg.port}";
+in
+{
+  options = {
+    services.nixseparatedebuginfod = {
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption "separatedebuginfod, a debuginfod server providing source and debuginfo for nix packages";
+      port = lib.mkOption {
+        description = "port to listen";
+        default = 1949;
+        type = lib.types.port;
+      };
+      nixPackage = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.package;
+        default = pkgs.nix;
+        defaultText = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.nix";
+        description = ''
+          The version of nix that nixseparatedebuginfod should use as client for the nix daemon. It is strongly advised to use nix version >= 2.18, otherwise some debug info may go missing.
+        '';
+      };
+      allowOldNix = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          Do not fail evaluation when {option}`services.nixseparatedebuginfod.nixPackage` is older than nix 2.18.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    assertions = [ {
+      assertion = cfg.allowOldNix || (lib.versionAtLeast cfg.nixPackage.version "2.18");
+      message = "nixseparatedebuginfod works better when `services.nixseparatedebuginfod.nixPackage` is set to nix >= 2.18 (instead of ${cfg.nixPackage.name}). Set `services.nixseparatedebuginfod.allowOldNix` to bypass.";
+    } ];
+
+    systemd.services.nixseparatedebuginfod = {
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      wants = [ "nix-daemon.service" ];
+      after = [ "nix-daemon.service" ];
+      path = [ cfg.nixPackage ];
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ExecStart = [ "${pkgs.nixseparatedebuginfod}/bin/nixseparatedebuginfod -l ${url}" ];
+        Restart = "on-failure";
+        CacheDirectory = "nixseparatedebuginfod";
+        # nix does not like DynamicUsers in allowed-users
+        User = "nixseparatedebuginfod";
+        Group = "nixseparatedebuginfod";
+
+        # hardening
+        # Filesystem stuff
+        ProtectSystem = "strict"; # Prevent writing to most of /
+        ProtectHome = true; # Prevent accessing /home and /root
+        PrivateTmp = true; # Give an own directory under /tmp
+        PrivateDevices = true; # Deny access to most of /dev
+        ProtectKernelTunables = true; # Protect some parts of /sys
+        ProtectControlGroups = true; # Remount cgroups read-only
+        RestrictSUIDSGID = true; # Prevent creating SETUID/SETGID files
+        PrivateMounts = true; # Give an own mount namespace
+        RemoveIPC = true;
+        UMask = "0077";
+
+        # Capabilities
+        CapabilityBoundingSet = ""; # Allow no capabilities at all
+        NoNewPrivileges = true; # Disallow getting more capabilities. This is also implied by other options.
+
+        # Kernel stuff
+        ProtectKernelModules = true; # Prevent loading of kernel modules
+        SystemCallArchitectures = "native"; # Usually no need to disable this
+        ProtectKernelLogs = true; # Prevent access to kernel logs
+        ProtectClock = true; # Prevent setting the RTC
+
+        # Networking
+        RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6";
+
+        # Misc
+        LockPersonality = true; # Prevent change of the personality
+        ProtectHostname = true; # Give an own UTS namespace
+        RestrictRealtime = true; # Prevent switching to RT scheduling
+        MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true; # Maybe disable this for interpreters like python
+        RestrictNamespaces = true;
+      };
+    };
+
+    users.users.nixseparatedebuginfod = {
+      isSystemUser = true;
+      group = "nixseparatedebuginfod";
+    };
+
+    users.groups.nixseparatedebuginfod = { };
+
+    nix.settings.extra-allowed-users = [ "nixseparatedebuginfod" ];
+
+    environment.variables.DEBUGINFOD_URLS = "http://${url}";
+
+    environment.systemPackages = [
+      # valgrind support requires debuginfod-find on PATH
+      (lib.getBin pkgs.elfutils)
+    ];
+
+    environment.etc."gdb/gdbinit.d/nixseparatedebuginfod.gdb".text = "set debuginfod enabled on";
+
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/kanata.nix b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/kanata.nix
index 0b77bfbc33b3..05e76d843215 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/kanata.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/kanata.nix
@@ -78,7 +78,13 @@ let
   mkName = name: "kanata-${name}";
 
   mkDevices = devices:
-    optionalString ((length devices) > 0) "linux-dev ${concatStringsSep ":" devices}";
+    let
+      devicesString = pipe devices [
+        (map (device: "\"" + device + "\""))
+        (concatStringsSep " ")
+      ];
+    in
+    optionalString ((length devices) > 0) "linux-dev (${devicesString})";
 
   mkConfig = name: keyboard: pkgs.writeText "${mkName name}-config.kdb" ''
     (defcfg
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/sane.nix b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/sane.nix
index 8408844c4f94..8f64afe60734 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/sane.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/sane.nix
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ with lib;
 
 let
 
-  pkg = pkgs.sane-backends.override {
+  pkg = config.hardware.sane.backends-package.override {
     scanSnapDriversUnfree = config.hardware.sane.drivers.scanSnap.enable;
     scanSnapDriversPackage = config.hardware.sane.drivers.scanSnap.package;
   };
@@ -57,6 +57,13 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
+    hardware.sane.backends-package = mkOption {
+      type = types.package;
+      default = pkgs.sane-backends;
+      defaultText = literalExpression "pkgs.sane-backends";
+      description = lib.mdDoc "Backends driver package to use.";
+    };
+
     hardware.sane.snapshot = mkOption {
       type = types.bool;
       default = false;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/thermald.nix b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/thermald.nix
index 7ae602823cd6..a4839f326cc4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/thermald.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/thermald.nix
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ in
         '';
       };
 
+     ignoreCpuidCheck = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = lib.mdDoc "Whether to ignore the cpuid check to allow running on unsupported platforms";
+      };
+
       configFile = mkOption {
         type = types.nullOr types.path;
         default = null;
@@ -42,6 +48,7 @@ in
           ${cfg.package}/sbin/thermald \
             --no-daemon \
             ${optionalString cfg.debug "--loglevel=debug"} \
+            ${optionalString cfg.ignoreCpuidCheck "--ignore-cpuid-check"} \
             ${optionalString (cfg.configFile != null) "--config-file ${cfg.configFile}"} \
             --dbus-enable \
             --adaptive
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/vdr.nix b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/vdr.nix
index afa64fa16c4a..689d83f7eedc 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/hardware/vdr.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/hardware/vdr.nix
@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-
-with lib;
-
 let
   cfg = config.services.vdr;
-  libDir = "/var/lib/vdr";
-in {
-
-  ###### interface
 
+  inherit (lib)
+    mkEnableOption mkPackageOption mkOption types mkIf optional mdDoc;
+in
+{
   options = {
 
     services.vdr = {
-      enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "VDR. Please put config into ${libDir}");
+      enable = mkEnableOption (mdDoc "Start VDR");
 
       package = mkPackageOption pkgs "vdr" {
         example = "wrapVdr.override { plugins = with pkgs.vdrPlugins; [ hello ]; }";
@@ -21,58 +18,84 @@ in {
       videoDir = mkOption {
         type = types.path;
         default = "/srv/vdr/video";
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Recording directory";
+        description = mdDoc "Recording directory";
       };
 
       extraArguments = mkOption {
         type = types.listOf types.str;
-        default = [];
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Additional command line arguments to pass to VDR.";
+        default = [ ];
+        description = mdDoc "Additional command line arguments to pass to VDR.";
+      };
+
+      enableLirc = mkEnableOption (mdDoc "LIRC");
+
+      user = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        default = "vdr";
+        description = mdDoc ''
+          User under which the VDR service runs.
+        '';
       };
 
-      enableLirc = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "LIRC");
+      group = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        default = "vdr";
+        description = mdDoc ''
+          Group under which the VDRvdr service runs.
+        '';
+      };
     };
+
   };
 
-  ###### implementation
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
 
-  config = mkIf cfg.enable (mkMerge [{
     systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
-      "d ${cfg.videoDir} 0755 vdr vdr -"
-      "Z ${cfg.videoDir} - vdr vdr -"
+      "d ${cfg.videoDir} 0755 ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} -"
+      "Z ${cfg.videoDir} - ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} -"
     ];
 
     systemd.services.vdr = {
       description = "VDR";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      wants = optional cfg.enableLirc "lircd.service";
+      after = [ "network.target" ]
+        ++ optional cfg.enableLirc "lircd.service";
       serviceConfig = {
-        ExecStart = ''
-          ${cfg.package}/bin/vdr \
-            --video="${cfg.videoDir}" \
-            --config="${libDir}" \
-            ${escapeShellArgs cfg.extraArguments}
-        '';
-        User = "vdr";
+        ExecStart =
+          let
+            args = [
+              "--video=${cfg.videoDir}"
+            ]
+            ++ optional cfg.enableLirc "--lirc=${config.passthru.lirc.socket}"
+            ++ cfg.extraArguments;
+          in
+          "${cfg.package}/bin/vdr ${lib.escapeShellArgs args}";
+        User = cfg.user;
+        Group = cfg.group;
         CacheDirectory = "vdr";
         StateDirectory = "vdr";
+        RuntimeDirectory = "vdr";
         Restart = "on-failure";
       };
     };
 
-    users.users.vdr = {
-      group = "vdr";
-      home = libDir;
-      isSystemUser = true;
+    environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
+
+    users.users = mkIf (cfg.user == "vdr") {
+      vdr = {
+        inherit (cfg) group;
+        home = "/run/vdr";
+        isSystemUser = true;
+        extraGroups = [
+          "video"
+          "audio"
+        ]
+        ++ optional cfg.enableLirc "lirc";
+      };
     };
 
-    users.groups.vdr = {};
-  }
+    users.groups = mkIf (cfg.group == "vdr") { vdr = { }; };
 
-  (mkIf cfg.enableLirc {
-    services.lirc.enable = true;
-    users.users.vdr.extraGroups = [ "lirc" ];
-    services.vdr.extraArguments = [
-      "--lirc=${config.passthru.lirc.socket}"
-    ];
-  })]);
+  };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/home-assistant.nix b/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/home-assistant.nix
index 2a6b07c6f1a6..bc470576b759 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/home-assistant.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/home-assistant.nix
@@ -468,8 +468,8 @@ in {
           mkdir -p "${cfg.configDir}/custom_components"
 
           # remove components symlinked in from below the /nix/store
-          components="$(find "${cfg.configDir}/custom_components" -maxdepth 1 -type l)"
-          for component in "$components"; do
+          readarray -d "" components < <(find "${cfg.configDir}/custom_components" -maxdepth 1 -type l -print0)
+          for component in "''${components[@]}"; do
             if [[ "$(readlink "$component")" =~ ^${escapeShellArg builtins.storeDir} ]]; then
               rm "$component"
             fi
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/logging/logcheck.nix b/nixos/modules/services/logging/logcheck.nix
index 8a277cea6e46..5d87fc87d416 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/logging/logcheck.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/logging/logcheck.nix
@@ -220,10 +220,16 @@ in
       logcheck = {};
     };
 
-    system.activationScripts.logcheck = ''
-      mkdir -m 700 -p /var/{lib,lock}/logcheck
-      chown ${cfg.user} /var/{lib,lock}/logcheck
-    '';
+    systemd.tmpfiles.settings.logcheck = {
+      "/var/lib/logcheck".d = {
+        mode = "700";
+        inherit (cfg) user;
+      };
+      "/var/lock/logcheck".d = {
+        mode = "700";
+        inherit (cfg) user;
+      };
+    };
 
     services.cron.systemCronJobs =
         let withTime = name: {timeArgs, ...}: timeArgs != null;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/mail/postfix.nix b/nixos/modules/services/mail/postfix.nix
index 23c47aaca7e2..209e066a19ef 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/mail/postfix.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/mail/postfix.nix
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ in
 
             ${concatStringsSep "\n" (mapAttrsToList (to: from: ''
               ln -sf ${from} /var/lib/postfix/conf/${to}
-              ${pkgs.postfix}/bin/postalias /var/lib/postfix/conf/${to}
+              ${pkgs.postfix}/bin/postalias -o -p /var/lib/postfix/conf/${to}
             '') cfg.aliasFiles)}
             ${concatStringsSep "\n" (mapAttrsToList (to: from: ''
               ln -sf ${from} /var/lib/postfix/conf/${to}
@@ -779,6 +779,19 @@ in
             ExecStart = "${pkgs.postfix}/bin/postfix start";
             ExecStop = "${pkgs.postfix}/bin/postfix stop";
             ExecReload = "${pkgs.postfix}/bin/postfix reload";
+
+            # Hardening
+            PrivateTmp = true;
+            PrivateDevices = true;
+            ProtectSystem = "full";
+            CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "~CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_SYS_ADMIN CAP_SYS_BOOT CAP_SYS_MODULE" ];
+            MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+            ProtectKernelModules = true;
+            ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+            ProtectControlGroups = true;
+            RestrictAddressFamilies = [ "AF_INET" "AF_INET6" "AF_NETLINK" "AF_UNIX" ];
+            RestrictNamespaces = true;
+            RestrictRealtime = true;
           };
         };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd-trainer.nix b/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd-trainer.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb78ddf9dd47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/mail/rspamd-trainer.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+
+  cfg = config.services.rspamd-trainer;
+  format = pkgs.formats.toml { };
+
+in {
+  options.services.rspamd-trainer = {
+
+    enable = mkEnableOption (mdDoc "Spam/ham trainer for rspamd");
+
+    settings = mkOption {
+      default = { };
+      description = mdDoc ''
+        IMAP authentication configuration for rspamd-trainer. For supplying
+        the IMAP password, use the `secrets` option.
+      '';
+      type = types.submodule {
+        freeformType = format.type;
+      };
+      example = literalExpression ''
+        {
+          HOST = "localhost";
+          USERNAME = "spam@example.com";
+          INBOXPREFIX = "INBOX/";
+        }
+      '';
+    };
+
+    secrets = lib.mkOption {
+      type = with types; listOf path;
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        A list of files containing the various secrets. Should be in the
+        format expected by systemd's `EnvironmentFile` directory. For the
+        IMAP account password use `PASSWORD = mypassword`.
+      '';
+      default = [ ];
+    };
+
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+
+    systemd = {
+      services.rspamd-trainer = {
+        description = "Spam/ham trainer for rspamd";
+        serviceConfig = {
+          ExecStart = "${pkgs.rspamd-trainer}/bin/rspamd-trainer";
+          WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/rspamd-trainer";
+          StateDirectory = [ "rspamd-trainer/log" ];
+          Type = "oneshot";
+          DynamicUser = true;
+          EnvironmentFile = [
+            ( format.generate "rspamd-trainer-env" cfg.settings )
+            cfg.secrets
+          ];
+        };
+      };
+      timers."rspamd-trainer" = {
+        wantedBy = [ "timers.target" ];
+        timerConfig = {
+          OnBootSec = "10m";
+          OnUnitActiveSec = "10m";
+          Unit = "rspamd-trainer.service";
+        };
+      };
+    };
+
+  };
+
+  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ onny ];
+
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/matrix/matrix-sliding-sync.nix b/nixos/modules/services/matrix/matrix-sliding-sync.nix
index 295be0c6bf16..8b22cd7dba80 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/matrix/matrix-sliding-sync.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/matrix/matrix-sliding-sync.nix
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 
 let
-  cfg = config.services.matrix-synapse.sliding-sync;
+  cfg = config.services.matrix-sliding-sync;
 in
 {
-  options.services.matrix-synapse.sliding-sync = {
+  imports = [
+    (lib.mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "matrix-synapse" "sliding-sync" ] [ "services" "matrix-sliding-sync" ])
+  ];
+
+  options.services.matrix-sliding-sync = {
     enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "sliding sync");
 
     package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "matrix-sliding-sync" { };
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.matrix-sliding-sync = rec {
       after =
         lib.optional cfg.createDatabase "postgresql.service"
+        ++ lib.optional config.services.dendrite.enable "dendrite.service"
         ++ lib.optional config.services.matrix-synapse.enable config.services.matrix-synapse.serviceUnit;
       wants = after;
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitea.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitea.nix
index f4305bea2ad7..d0135b2ba7ac 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitea.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitea.nix
@@ -234,6 +234,13 @@ in
         description = lib.mdDoc "Path to the git repositories.";
       };
 
+      camoHmacKeyFile = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = null;
+        example = "/var/lib/secrets/gitea/camoHmacKey";
+        description = lib.mdDoc "Path to a file containing the camo HMAC key.";
+      };
+
       mailerPasswordFile = mkOption {
         type = types.nullOr types.str;
         default = null;
@@ -429,6 +436,10 @@ in
         LFS_JWT_SECRET = "#lfsjwtsecret#";
       };
 
+      camo = mkIf (cfg.camoHmacKeyFile != null) {
+        HMAC_KEY = "#hmackey#";
+      };
+
       session = {
         COOKIE_NAME = lib.mkDefault "session";
       };
@@ -570,6 +581,10 @@ in
               ${replaceSecretBin} '#lfsjwtsecret#' '${lfsJwtSecret}' '${runConfig}'
             ''}
 
+            ${lib.optionalString (cfg.camoHmacKeyFile != null) ''
+              ${replaceSecretBin} '#hmackey#' '${cfg.camoHmacKeyFile}' '${runConfig}'
+            ''}
+
             ${lib.optionalString (cfg.mailerPasswordFile != null) ''
               ${replaceSecretBin} '#mailerpass#' '${cfg.mailerPasswordFile}' '${runConfig}'
             ''}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
index 6756d59cf367..ca6910b795d8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitlab.nix
@@ -27,7 +27,13 @@ let
       encoding = "utf8";
       pool = cfg.databasePool;
     } // cfg.extraDatabaseConfig;
-  in if lib.versionAtLeast (lib.getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "15.0" then {
+  in if lib.versionAtLeast (lib.getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "15.9" then {
+    production.main = val;
+    # Starting with GitLab 15.9, single connections were deprecated and will be
+    # removed in GitLab 17.0. The CI connection however requires database_tasks set
+    # to false.
+    production.ci = val // { database_tasks = false; };
+  } else if lib.versionAtLeast (lib.getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "15.0" then {
     production.main = val;
   } else {
     production = val;
@@ -1348,7 +1354,7 @@ in {
                 fi
 
                 jq <${pkgs.writeText "database.yml" (builtins.toJSON databaseConfig)} \
-                   '.${if lib.versionAtLeast (lib.getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "15.0" then "production.main" else "production"}.password = $ENV.db_password' \
+                   '.${if lib.versionAtLeast (lib.getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "15.0" then "production.main" else "production"}.password = $ENV.db_password ${if lib.versionAtLeast (lib.getVersion cfg.packages.gitlab) "15.9" then "| .production.ci.password = $ENV.db_password | .production.main as $main | del(.production.main) | .production |= {main: $main} + ." else ""}' \
                    >'${cfg.statePath}/config/database.yml'
               ''
               else ''
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/guix/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/guix/default.nix
index 3e1a212693b9..7174ff36b709 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/guix/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/guix/default.nix
@@ -22,11 +22,19 @@ let
       })
       (builtins.genList guixBuildUser numberOfUsers));
 
-  # A set of Guix user profiles to be linked at activation.
+  # A set of Guix user profiles to be linked at activation. All of these should
+  # be default profiles managed by Guix CLI and the profiles are located in
+  # `${cfg.stateDir}/profiles/per-user/$USER/$PROFILE`.
   guixUserProfiles = {
-    # The current Guix profile that is created through `guix pull`.
+    # The default Guix profile managed by `guix pull`. Take note this should be
+    # the profile with the most precedence in `PATH` env to let users use their
+    # updated versions of `guix` CLI.
     "current-guix" = "\${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/guix/current";
 
+    # The default Guix home profile. This profile contains more than exports
+    # such as an activation script at `$GUIX_HOME_PROFILE/activate`.
+    "guix-home" = "$HOME/.guix-home/profile";
+
     # The default Guix profile similar to $HOME/.nix-profile from Nix.
     "guix-profile" = "$HOME/.guix-profile";
   };
@@ -228,14 +236,8 @@ in
         description = "Guix daemon socket";
         before = [ "multi-user.target" ];
         listenStreams = [ "${cfg.stateDir}/guix/daemon-socket/socket" ];
-        unitConfig = {
-          RequiresMountsFor = [
-            cfg.storeDir
-            cfg.stateDir
-          ];
-          ConditionPathIsReadWrite = "${cfg.stateDir}/guix/daemon-socket";
-        };
-        wantedBy = [ "socket.target" ];
+        unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = [ cfg.storeDir cfg.stateDir ];
+        wantedBy = [ "sockets.target" ];
       };
 
       systemd.mounts = [{
@@ -262,20 +264,31 @@ in
       # ephemeral setups where only certain part of the filesystem is
       # persistent (e.g., "Erase my darlings"-type of setup).
       system.userActivationScripts.guix-activate-user-profiles.text = let
+        guixProfile = profile: "${cfg.stateDir}/guix/profiles/per-user/\${USER}/${profile}";
+        linkProfile = profile: location: let
+          userProfile = guixProfile profile;
+        in ''
+          [ -d "${userProfile}" ] && ln -sfn "${userProfile}" "${location}"
+        '';
         linkProfileToPath = acc: profile: location: let
-          guixProfile = "${cfg.stateDir}/guix/profiles/per-user/\${USER}/${profile}";
-          in acc + ''
-            [ -d "${guixProfile}" ] && [ -L "${location}" ] || ln -sf "${guixProfile}" "${location}"
-          '';
+          in acc + (linkProfile profile location);
+
+        # This should contain export-only Guix user profiles. The rest of it is
+        # handled manually in the activation script.
+        guixUserProfiles' = lib.attrsets.removeAttrs guixUserProfiles [ "guix-home" ];
 
-        activationScript = lib.foldlAttrs linkProfileToPath "" guixUserProfiles;
+        linkExportsScript = lib.foldlAttrs linkProfileToPath "" guixUserProfiles';
       in ''
         # Don't export this please! It is only expected to be used for this
         # activation script and nothing else.
         XDG_CONFIG_HOME=''${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}
 
         # Linking the usual Guix profiles into the home directory.
-        ${activationScript}
+        ${linkExportsScript}
+
+        # Activate all of the default Guix non-exports profiles manually.
+        ${linkProfile "guix-home" "$HOME/.guix-home"}
+        [ -L "$HOME/.guix-home" ] && "$HOME/.guix-home/activate"
       '';
 
       # GUIX_LOCPATH is basically LOCPATH but for Guix libc which in turn used by
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/llama-cpp.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/llama-cpp.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d76456fb2fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/llama-cpp.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, utils, ... }:
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.llama-cpp;
+in {
+
+  options = {
+
+    services.llama-cpp = {
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption "LLaMA C++ server";
+
+      package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "llama-cpp" { };
+
+      model = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.path;
+        example = "/models/mistral-instruct-7b/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf";
+        description = "Model path.";
+      };
+
+      extraFlags = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.str;
+        description = "Extra flags passed to llama-cpp-server.";
+        example = ["-c" "4096" "-ngl" "32" "--numa"];
+        default = [];
+      };
+
+      host = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.str;
+        default = "127.0.0.1";
+        example = "0.0.0.0";
+        description = "IP address the LLaMA C++ server listens on.";
+      };
+
+      port = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.port;
+        default = 8080;
+        description = "Listen port for LLaMA C++ server.";
+      };
+
+      openFirewall = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = "Open ports in the firewall for LLaMA C++ server.";
+      };
+    };
+
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+
+    systemd.services.llama-cpp = {
+      description = "LLaMA C++ server";
+      after = ["network.target"];
+      wantedBy = ["multi-user.target"];
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "idle";
+        KillSignal = "SIGINT";
+        ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/llama-cpp-server --log-disable --host ${cfg.host} --port ${builtins.toString cfg.port} -m ${cfg.model} ${utils.escapeSystemdExecArgs cfg.extraFlags}";
+        Restart = "on-failure";
+        RestartSec = 300;
+
+        # for GPU acceleration
+        PrivateDevices = false;
+
+        # hardening
+        DynamicUser = true;
+        CapabilityBoundingSet = "";
+        RestrictAddressFamilies = [
+          "AF_INET"
+          "AF_INET6"
+          "AF_UNIX"
+        ];
+        NoNewPrivileges = true;
+        PrivateMounts = true;
+        PrivateTmp = true;
+        PrivateUsers = true;
+        ProtectClock = true;
+        ProtectControlGroups = true;
+        ProtectHome = true;
+        ProtectKernelLogs = true;
+        ProtectKernelModules = true;
+        ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+        ProtectSystem = "strict";
+        MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+        LockPersonality = true;
+        RemoveIPC = true;
+        RestrictNamespaces = true;
+        RestrictRealtime = true;
+        RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+        SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+        SystemCallFilter = [
+          "@system-service"
+          "~@privileged"
+          "~@resources"
+        ];
+        SystemCallErrorNumber = "EPERM";
+        ProtectProc = "invisible";
+        ProtectHostname = true;
+        ProcSubset = "pid";
+      };
+    };
+
+    networking.firewall = lib.mkIf cfg.openFirewall {
+      allowedTCPPorts = [ cfg.port ];
+    };
+
+  };
+
+  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ newam ];
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/moonraker.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/moonraker.nix
index 0ee7e898cf76..750dca9d0373 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/moonraker.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/moonraker.nix
@@ -186,6 +186,12 @@ in {
       };
     };
 
+    # set this to false, otherwise we'll get a warning indicating that `/etc/klipper.cfg`
+    # is not located in the moonraker config directory.
+    services.moonraker.settings = lib.mkIf (!config.services.klipper.mutableConfig) {
+      file_manager.check_klipper_config_path = false;
+    };
+
     security.polkit.extraConfig = lib.optionalString cfg.allowSystemControl ''
       // nixos/moonraker: Allow Moonraker to perform system-level operations
       //
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/nitter.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/nitter.nix
index c2c462d46bb5..d2cf7c0de2b7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/nitter.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/nitter.nix
@@ -304,6 +304,23 @@ in
         '';
       };
 
+      guestAccounts = mkOption {
+        type = types.path;
+        default = "/var/lib/nitter/guest_accounts.jsonl";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Path to the guest accounts file.
+
+          This file contains a list of guest accounts that can be used to
+          access the instance without logging in. The file is in JSONL format,
+          where each line is a JSON object with the following fields:
+
+          {"oauth_token":"some_token","oauth_token_secret":"some_secret_key"}
+
+          See https://github.com/zedeus/nitter/wiki/Guest-Account-Branch-Deployment
+          for more information on guest accounts and how to generate them.
+        '';
+      };
+
       redisCreateLocally = mkOption {
         type = types.bool;
         default = true;
@@ -333,8 +350,12 @@ in
         after = [ "network-online.target" ];
         serviceConfig = {
           DynamicUser = true;
+          LoadCredential="guestAccountsFile:${cfg.guestAccounts}";
           StateDirectory = "nitter";
-          Environment = [ "NITTER_CONF_FILE=/var/lib/nitter/nitter.conf" ];
+          Environment = [
+            "NITTER_CONF_FILE=/var/lib/nitter/nitter.conf"
+            "NITTER_ACCOUNTS_FILE=%d/guestAccountsFile"
+          ];
           # Some parts of Nitter expect `public` folder in working directory,
           # see https://github.com/zedeus/nitter/issues/414
           WorkingDirectory = "${cfg.package}/share/nitter";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9794bbbec464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: let
+
+  cfg = config.services.ollama;
+
+in {
+
+  options = {
+    services.ollama = {
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption (
+        lib.mdDoc "Server for local large language models"
+      );
+      package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "ollama" { };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+
+    systemd = {
+      services.ollama = {
+        wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+        description = "Server for local large language models";
+        after = [ "network.target" ];
+        environment = {
+          HOME = "%S/ollama";
+          OLLAMA_MODELS = "%S/ollama/models";
+        };
+        serviceConfig = {
+          ExecStart = "${lib.getExe cfg.package} serve";
+          WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/ollama";
+          StateDirectory = [ "ollama" ];
+          DynamicUser = true;
+        };
+      };
+    };
+
+    environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ];
+
+  };
+
+  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ onny ];
+
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/paperless.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/paperless.nix
index b3bc7d89009d..3c6832958f59 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/paperless.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/paperless.nix
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ let
   defaultFont = "${pkgs.liberation_ttf}/share/fonts/truetype/LiberationSerif-Regular.ttf";
 
   # Don't start a redis instance if the user sets a custom redis connection
-  enableRedis = !hasAttr "PAPERLESS_REDIS" cfg.extraConfig;
+  enableRedis = !(cfg.settings ? PAPERLESS_REDIS);
   redisServer = config.services.redis.servers.paperless;
 
   env = {
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ let
     PAPERLESS_TIME_ZONE = config.time.timeZone;
   } // optionalAttrs enableRedis {
     PAPERLESS_REDIS = "unix://${redisServer.unixSocket}";
-  } // (
-    lib.mapAttrs (_: toString) cfg.extraConfig
-  );
+  } // (lib.mapAttrs (_: s:
+    if (lib.isAttrs s || lib.isList s) then builtins.toJSON s
+    else if lib.isBool s then lib.boolToString s
+    else toString s
+  ) cfg.settings);
 
   manage = pkgs.writeShellScript "manage" ''
     set -o allexport # Export the following env vars
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ in
 
   imports = [
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "paperless-ng" ] [ "services" "paperless" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "paperless" "extraConfig" ] [ "services" "paperless" "settings" ])
   ];
 
   options.services.paperless = {
@@ -160,32 +163,30 @@ in
       description = lib.mdDoc "Web interface port.";
     };
 
-    # FIXME this should become an RFC42-style settings attr
-    extraConfig = mkOption {
-      type = types.attrs;
+    settings = mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.submodule {
+        freeformType = with lib.types; attrsOf (let
+          typeList = [ bool float int str path package ];
+        in oneOf (typeList ++ [ (listOf (oneOf typeList)) (attrsOf (oneOf typeList)) ]));
+      };
       default = { };
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
         Extra paperless config options.
 
-        See [the documentation](https://docs.paperless-ngx.com/configuration/)
-        for available options.
+        See [the documentation](https://docs.paperless-ngx.com/configuration/) for available options.
 
-        Note that some options such as `PAPERLESS_CONSUMER_IGNORE_PATTERN` expect JSON values. Use `builtins.toJSON` to ensure proper quoting.
+        Note that some settings such as `PAPERLESS_CONSUMER_IGNORE_PATTERN` expect JSON values.
+        Settings declared as lists or attrsets will automatically be serialised into JSON strings for your convenience.
       '';
-      example = literalExpression ''
-        {
-          PAPERLESS_OCR_LANGUAGE = "deu+eng";
-
-          PAPERLESS_DBHOST = "/run/postgresql";
-
-          PAPERLESS_CONSUMER_IGNORE_PATTERN = builtins.toJSON [ ".DS_STORE/*" "desktop.ini" ];
-
-          PAPERLESS_OCR_USER_ARGS = builtins.toJSON {
-            optimize = 1;
-            pdfa_image_compression = "lossless";
-          };
+      example = {
+        PAPERLESS_OCR_LANGUAGE = "deu+eng";
+        PAPERLESS_DBHOST = "/run/postgresql";
+        PAPERLESS_CONSUMER_IGNORE_PATTERN = [ ".DS_STORE/*" "desktop.ini" ];
+        PAPERLESS_OCR_USER_ARGS = {
+          optimize = 1;
+          pdfa_image_compression = "lossless";
         };
-      '';
+      };
     };
 
     user = mkOption {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/portunus.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/portunus.nix
index 3299b6404c2b..7036a372d1ea 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/portunus.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/portunus.nix
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ in
     ldap = {
       package = mkOption {
         type = types.package;
-        # needs openldap built with a libxcrypt that support crypt sha256 until https://github.com/majewsky/portunus/issues/2 is solved
+        # needs openldap built with a libxcrypt that support crypt sha256 until users have had time to migrate to newer hashes
+        # Ref: <https://github.com/majewsky/portunus/issues/2>
+        # TODO: remove in NixOS 24.11 (cf. same note on pkgs/servers/portunus/default.nix)
         default = pkgs.openldap.override { libxcrypt = pkgs.libxcrypt-legacy; };
         defaultText = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.openldap.override { libxcrypt = pkgs.libxcrypt-legacy; }";
         description = lib.mdDoc "The OpenLDAP package to use.";
@@ -247,6 +249,7 @@ in
             acmeDirectory = config.security.acme.certs."${cfg.domain}".directory;
           in
           {
+            PORTUNUS_SERVER_HTTP_SECURE = "true";
             PORTUNUS_SLAPD_TLS_CA_CERTIFICATE = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt";
             PORTUNUS_SLAPD_TLS_CERTIFICATE = "${acmeDirectory}/cert.pem";
             PORTUNUS_SLAPD_TLS_DOMAIN_NAME = cfg.domain;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix
index b517170cda21..c1209e34a92b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/redmine.nix
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ in
       enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "Redmine");
 
       package = mkPackageOption pkgs "redmine" {
-        example = "redmine.override { ruby = pkgs.ruby_2_7; }";
+        example = "redmine.override { ruby = pkgs.ruby_3_2; }";
       };
 
       user = mkOption {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix
index 39abd293b2d1..35db8a7376b1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ let
     "pgbouncer"
     "php-fpm"
     "pihole"
+    "ping"
     "postfix"
     "postgres"
     "process"
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/kea.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/kea.nix
index 8b1cd47d0a40..3abb6ff6bdf8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/kea.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/kea.nix
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ in {
       type = types.listOf types.str;
       example = literalExpression ''
         [
-          "/run/kea-dhcp4/kea-dhcp4.socket"
-          "/run/kea-dhcp6/kea-dhcp6.socket"
+          "/run/kea/kea-dhcp4.socket"
+          "/run/kea/kea-dhcp6.socket"
         ]
       '';
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
@@ -31,13 +31,15 @@ in {
     ];
     serviceConfig = {
       User = "kea";
+      DynamicUser = true;
       ExecStart = ''
         ${pkgs.prometheus-kea-exporter}/bin/kea-exporter \
           --address ${cfg.listenAddress} \
           --port ${toString cfg.port} \
           ${concatStringsSep " " cfg.controlSocketPaths}
       '';
-      SupplementaryGroups = [ "kea" ];
+      RuntimeDirectory = "kea";
+      RuntimeDirectoryPreserve = true;
       RestrictAddressFamilies = [
         # Need AF_UNIX to collect data
         "AF_UNIX"
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/nginx.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/nginx.nix
index 3158e71f0468..88dc79fc2503 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/nginx.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/nginx.nix
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ in
     };
   };
   serviceOpts = mkMerge ([{
+    environment.CONST_LABELS = concatStringsSep "," cfg.constLabels;
     serviceConfig = {
       ExecStart = ''
         ${pkgs.prometheus-nginx-exporter}/bin/nginx-prometheus-exporter \
           --nginx.scrape-uri='${cfg.scrapeUri}' \
-          --nginx.ssl-verify=${boolToString cfg.sslVerify} \
+          --${lib.optionalString (!cfg.sslVerify) "no-"}nginx.ssl-verify \
           --web.listen-address=${cfg.listenAddress}:${toString cfg.port} \
           --web.telemetry-path=${cfg.telemetryPath} \
-          --prometheus.const-labels=${concatStringsSep "," cfg.constLabels} \
           ${concatStringsSep " \\\n  " cfg.extraFlags}
       '';
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/ping.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/ping.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..af78b6bef625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/ping.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, options }:
+
+with lib;
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.prometheus.exporters.ping;
+
+  settingsFormat = pkgs.formats.yaml {};
+  configFile = settingsFormat.generate "config.yml" cfg.settings;
+in
+{
+  port = 9427;
+  extraOpts = {
+    telemetryPath = mkOption {
+      type = types.str;
+      default = "/metrics";
+      description = ''
+        Path under which to expose metrics.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    settings = mkOption {
+      type = settingsFormat.type;
+      default = {};
+
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Configuration for ping_exporter, see
+        <https://github.com/czerwonk/ping_exporter>
+        for supported values.
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+
+  serviceOpts = {
+    serviceConfig = {
+      # ping-exporter needs `CAP_NET_RAW` to run as non root https://github.com/czerwonk/ping_exporter#running-as-non-root-user
+      CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "CAP_NET_RAW" ];
+      AmbientCapabilities = [ "CAP_NET_RAW" ];
+      ExecStart = ''
+        ${pkgs.prometheus-ping-exporter}/bin/ping_exporter \
+          --web.listen-address ${cfg.listenAddress}:${toString cfg.port} \
+          --web.telemetry-path ${cfg.telemetryPath} \
+          --config.path="${configFile}" \
+          ${concatStringsSep " \\\n  " cfg.extraFlags}
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/thanos.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/thanos.nix
index 5baa0d8446e5..02502816ef5d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/thanos.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/thanos.nix
@@ -394,9 +394,8 @@ let
         Maximum number of queries processed concurrently by query node.
       '';
 
-      query.replica-labels = mkAttrsParam "query.replica-label" ''
+      query.replica-labels = mkListParam "query.replica-label" ''
         Labels to treat as a replica indicator along which data is
-
         deduplicated.
 
         Still you will be able to query without deduplication using
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/eris-server.nix b/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/eris-server.nix
index 66eccfac408c..104676a52c61 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/eris-server.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/eris-server.nix
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 let
   cfg = config.services.eris-server;
   stateDirectoryPath = "\${STATE_DIRECTORY}";
+  nullOrStr = with lib.types; nullOr str;
 in {
 
   options.services.eris-server = {
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ in {
     };
 
     listenCoap = lib.mkOption {
-      type = lib.types.str;
+      type = nullOrStr;
       default = ":5683";
       example = "[::1]:5683";
       description = ''
@@ -39,8 +40,8 @@ in {
     };
 
     listenHttp = lib.mkOption {
-      type = lib.types.str;
-      default = "";
+      type = nullOrStr;
+      default = null;
       example = "[::1]:8080";
       description = "Server HTTP listen address. Do not listen by default.";
     };
@@ -58,8 +59,8 @@ in {
     };
 
     mountpoint = lib.mkOption {
-      type = lib.types.str;
-      default = "";
+      type = nullOrStr;
+      default = null;
       example = "/eris";
       description = ''
         Mountpoint for FUSE namespace that exposes "urn:eris:…" files.
@@ -69,33 +70,44 @@ in {
   };
 
   config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    assertions = [{
+      assertion = lib.strings.versionAtLeast cfg.package.version "20231219";
+      message =
+        "Version of `config.services.eris-server.package` is incompatible with this module";
+    }];
+
     systemd.services.eris-server = let
-      cmd =
-        "${cfg.package}/bin/eris-go server --coap '${cfg.listenCoap}' --http '${cfg.listenHttp}' ${
-          lib.optionalString cfg.decode "--decode "
-        }${
-          lib.optionalString (cfg.mountpoint != "")
-          ''--mountpoint "${cfg.mountpoint}" ''
-        }${lib.strings.escapeShellArgs cfg.backends}";
+      cmd = "${cfg.package}/bin/eris-go server"
+        + (lib.optionalString (cfg.listenCoap != null)
+          " --coap '${cfg.listenCoap}'")
+        + (lib.optionalString (cfg.listenHttp != null)
+          " --http '${cfg.listenHttp}'")
+        + (lib.optionalString cfg.decode " --decode")
+        + (lib.optionalString (cfg.mountpoint != null)
+          " --mountpoint '${cfg.mountpoint}'");
     in {
       description = "ERIS block server";
       after = [ "network.target" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      script = lib.mkIf (cfg.mountpoint != "") ''
+      environment.ERIS_STORE_URL = toString cfg.backends;
+      script = lib.mkIf (cfg.mountpoint != null) ''
         export PATH=${config.security.wrapperDir}:$PATH
         ${cmd}
       '';
       serviceConfig = let
-        umounter = lib.mkIf (cfg.mountpoint != "")
+        umounter = lib.mkIf (cfg.mountpoint != null)
           "-${config.security.wrapperDir}/fusermount -uz ${cfg.mountpoint}";
-      in {
-        ExecStartPre = umounter;
-        ExecStart = lib.mkIf (cfg.mountpoint == "") cmd;
-        ExecStopPost = umounter;
-        Restart = "always";
-        RestartSec = 20;
-        AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE";
-      };
+      in if (cfg.mountpoint == null) then {
+        ExecStart = cmd;
+      } else
+        {
+          ExecStartPre = umounter;
+          ExecStopPost = umounter;
+        } // {
+          Restart = "always";
+          RestartSec = 20;
+          AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE";
+        };
     };
   };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/kubo.nix b/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/kubo.nix
index e0b3fb0f36a7..8226fc614bc4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/kubo.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/kubo.nix
@@ -147,18 +147,6 @@ in
         description = lib.mdDoc "Whether Kubo should try to run the fs-repo-migration at startup.";
       };
 
-      ipfsMountDir = mkOption {
-        type = types.str;
-        default = "/ipfs";
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Where to mount the IPFS namespace to";
-      };
-
-      ipnsMountDir = mkOption {
-        type = types.str;
-        default = "/ipns";
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Where to mount the IPNS namespace to";
-      };
-
       enableGC = mkOption {
         type = types.bool;
         default = false;
@@ -205,6 +193,18 @@ in
               ];
               description = lib.mdDoc "Where Kubo listens for incoming p2p connections";
             };
+
+            Mounts.IPFS = mkOption {
+              type = types.str;
+              default = "/ipfs";
+              description = lib.mdDoc "Where to mount the IPFS namespace to";
+            };
+
+            Mounts.IPNS = mkOption {
+              type = types.str;
+              default = "/ipns";
+              description = lib.mdDoc "Where to mount the IPNS namespace to";
+            };
           };
         };
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
@@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ in
     systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
       "d '${cfg.dataDir}' - ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} - -"
     ] ++ optionals cfg.autoMount [
-      "d '${cfg.ipfsMountDir}' - ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} - -"
-      "d '${cfg.ipnsMountDir}' - ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} - -"
+      "d '${cfg.settings.Mounts.IPFS}' - ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} - -"
+      "d '${cfg.settings.Mounts.IPNS}' - ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} - -"
     ];
 
     # The hardened systemd unit breaks the fuse-mount function according to documentation in the unit file itself
@@ -320,8 +320,6 @@ in
 
     services.kubo.settings = mkIf cfg.autoMount {
       Mounts.FuseAllowOther = lib.mkDefault true;
-      Mounts.IPFS = lib.mkDefault cfg.ipfsMountDir;
-      Mounts.IPNS = lib.mkDefault cfg.ipnsMountDir;
     };
 
     systemd.services.ipfs = {
@@ -352,8 +350,8 @@ in
           ipfs --offline config replace -
       '';
       postStop = mkIf cfg.autoMount ''
-        # After an unclean shutdown the fuse mounts at cfg.ipnsMountDir and cfg.ipfsMountDir are locked
-        umount --quiet '${cfg.ipnsMountDir}' '${cfg.ipfsMountDir}' || true
+        # After an unclean shutdown the fuse mounts at cfg.settings.Mounts.IPFS and cfg.settings.Mounts.IPNS are locked
+        umount --quiet '${cfg.settings.Mounts.IPFS}' '${cfg.settings.Mounts.IPNS}' || true
       '';
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = [ "" "${cfg.package}/bin/ipfs daemon ${kuboFlags}" ];
@@ -405,8 +403,8 @@ in
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "defaultMode" ] [ "services" "kubo" "defaultMode" ])
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "autoMount" ] [ "services" "kubo" "autoMount" ])
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "autoMigrate" ] [ "services" "kubo" "autoMigrate" ])
-    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "ipfsMountDir" ] [ "services" "kubo" "ipfsMountDir" ])
-    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "ipnsMountDir" ] [ "services" "kubo" "ipnsMountDir" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "ipfsMountDir" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Mounts" "IPFS" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "ipnsMountDir" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Mounts" "IPNS" ])
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "gatewayAddress" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Addresses" "Gateway" ])
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "apiAddress" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Addresses" "API" ])
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "ipfs" "swarmAddress" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Addresses" "Swarm" ])
@@ -421,5 +419,7 @@ in
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "kubo" "gatewayAddress" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Addresses" "Gateway" ])
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "kubo" "apiAddress" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Addresses" "API" ])
     (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "kubo" "swarmAddress" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Addresses" "Swarm" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "kubo" "ipfsMountDir" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Mounts" "IPFS" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule [ "services" "kubo" "ipnsMountDir" ] [ "services" "kubo" "settings" "Mounts" "IPNS" ])
   ];
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/avahi-daemon.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/avahi-daemon.nix
index 89b30996e8fa..08fc092e230c 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/avahi-daemon.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/avahi-daemon.nix
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ in
     ipv6 = mkOption {
       type = types.bool;
       default = false;
-      defaultText = literalExpression "config.networking.enableIPv6";
       description = lib.mdDoc "Whether to use IPv6.";
     };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/ddclient.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/ddclient.nix
index a67f0c5de9ba..18f205b8d99e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/ddclient.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/ddclient.nix
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ with lib;
         inherit RuntimeDirectory;
         inherit StateDirectory;
         Type = "oneshot";
-        ExecStartPre = "!${pkgs.writeShellScript "ddclient-prestart" preStart}";
+        ExecStartPre = [ "!${pkgs.writeShellScript "ddclient-prestart" preStart}" ];
         ExecStart = "${lib.getExe cfg.package} -file /run/${RuntimeDirectory}/ddclient.conf";
       };
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.md b/nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6fc9178b1c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Dnsmasq {#module-services-networking-dnsmasq}
+
+Dnsmasq is an integrated DNS, DHCP and TFTP server for small networks.
+
+## Configuration {#module-services-networking-dnsmasq-configuration}
+
+### An authoritative DHCP and DNS server on a home network {#module-services-networking-dnsmasq-configuration-home}
+
+On a home network, you can use Dnsmasq as a DHCP and DNS server. New devices on
+your network will be configured by Dnsmasq, and instructed to use it as the DNS
+server by default. This allows you to rely on your own server to perform DNS
+queries and caching, with DNSSEC enabled.
+
+The following example assumes that
+
+- you have disabled your router's integrated DHCP server, if it has one
+- your router's address is set in  [](#opt-networking.defaultGateway.address)
+- your system's Ethernet interface is `eth0`
+- you have configured the address(es) to forward DNS queries in [](#opt-networking.nameservers)
+
+```nix
+{
+  services.dnsmasq = {
+    enable = true;
+    settings = {
+      interface = "eth0";
+      bind-interfaces = true; # Only bind to the specified interface
+      dhcp-authoritative = true; # Should be set when dnsmasq is definitely the only DHCP server on a network
+
+      server = config.networking.nameservers; # Upstream dns servers to which requests should be forwarded
+
+      dhcp-host = [
+        # Give the current system a fixed address of 192.168.0.254
+        "dc:a6:32:0b:ea:b9,192.168.0.254,${config.networking.hostName},infinite"
+      ];
+
+      dhcp-option = [
+        # Address of the gateway, i.e. your router
+        "option:router,${config.networking.defaultGateway.address}"
+      ];
+
+      dhcp-range = [
+        # Range of IPv4 addresses to give out
+        # <range start>,<range end>,<lease time>
+        "192.168.0.10,192.168.0.253,24h"
+        # Enable stateless IPv6 allocation
+        "::f,::ff,constructor:eth0,ra-stateless"
+      ];
+
+      dhcp-rapid-commit = true; # Faster DHCP negotiation for IPv6
+      local-service = true; # Accept DNS queries only from hosts whose address is on a local subnet
+      log-queries = true; # Log results of all DNS queries
+      bogus-priv = true; # Don't forward requests for the local address ranges (192.168.x.x etc) to upstream nameservers
+      domain-needed = true; # Don't forward requests without dots or domain parts to upstream nameservers
+
+      dnssec = true; # Enable DNSSEC
+      # DNSSEC trust anchor. Source: https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml
+      trust-anchor = ".,20326,8,2,E06D44B80B8F1D39A95C0B0D7C65D08458E880409BBC683457104237C7F8EC8D";
+    };
+  };
+}
+```
+
+## References {#module-services-networking-dnsmasq-references}
+
+- Upstream website: <https://dnsmasq.org>
+- Manpage: <https://dnsmasq.org/docs/dnsmasq-man.html>
+- FAQ: <https://dnsmasq.org/docs/FAQ>
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.nix
index 8d1ca36c38ed..d01a1b6707a5 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsmasq.nix
@@ -181,4 +181,6 @@ in
         restartTriggers = [ config.environment.etc.hosts.source ];
     };
   };
+
+  meta.doc = ./dnsmasq.md;
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/firewall-iptables.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/firewall-iptables.nix
index e90086838720..2d1151770008 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/firewall-iptables.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/firewall-iptables.nix
@@ -308,8 +308,9 @@ in
       description = "Firewall";
       wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
       wants = [ "network-pre.target" ];
-      before = [ "network-pre.target" ];
       after = [ "systemd-modules-load.service" ];
+      before = [ "network-pre.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
 
       path = [ cfg.package ] ++ cfg.extraPackages;
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.md b/nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9320d914fbd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# GNS3 Server {#module-services-gns3-server}
+
+[GNS3](https://www.gns3.com/), a network software emulator.
+
+## Basic Usage {#module-services-gns3-server-basic-usage}
+
+A minimal configuration looks like this:
+
+```nix
+{
+  services.gns3-server = {
+    enable = true;
+
+    auth = {
+      enable = true;
+      user = "gns3";
+      passwordFile = "/var/lib/secrets/gns3_password";
+    };
+
+    ssl = {
+      enable = true;
+      certFile = "/var/lib/gns3/ssl/cert.pem";
+      keyFile = "/var/lib/gns3/ssl/key.pem";
+    };
+
+    dynamips.enable = true;
+    ubridge.enable = true;
+    vpcs.enable = true;
+  };
+}
+```
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25583765de67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/gns3-server.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.gns3-server;
+
+  settingsFormat = pkgs.formats.ini { };
+  configFile = settingsFormat.generate "gns3-server.conf" cfg.settings;
+
+in {
+  meta = {
+    doc = ./gns3-server.md;
+    maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.anthonyroussel ];
+  };
+
+  options = {
+    services.gns3-server = {
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "GNS3 Server daemon");
+
+      package = lib.mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "gns3-server" { };
+
+      auth = {
+        enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "password based HTTP authentication to access the GNS3 Server");
+
+        user = lib.mkOption {
+          type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+          default = null;
+          example = "gns3";
+          description = lib.mdDoc ''Username used to access the GNS3 Server.'';
+        };
+
+        passwordFile = lib.mkOption {
+          type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.path;
+          default = null;
+          example = "/run/secrets/gns3-server-password";
+          description = lib.mdDoc ''
+            A file containing the password to access the GNS3 Server.
+
+            ::: {.warning}
+            This should be a string, not a nix path, since nix paths
+            are copied into the world-readable nix store.
+            :::
+          '';
+        };
+      };
+
+      settings = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.submodule { freeformType = settingsFormat.type; };
+        default = {};
+        example = { host = "127.0.0.1"; port = 3080; };
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The global options in `config` file in ini format.
+
+          Refer to <https://docs.gns3.com/docs/using-gns3/administration/gns3-server-configuration-file/>
+          for all available options.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      log = {
+        file = lib.mkOption {
+          type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.path;
+          default = "/var/log/gns3/server.log";
+          description = lib.mdDoc ''Path of the file GNS3 Server should log to.'';
+        };
+
+        debug = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "debug logging");
+      };
+
+      ssl = {
+        enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "SSL encryption");
+
+        certFile = lib.mkOption {
+          type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.path;
+          default = null;
+          example = "/var/lib/gns3/ssl/server.pem";
+          description = lib.mdDoc ''
+            Path to the SSL certificate file. This certificate will
+            be offered to, and may be verified by, clients.
+          '';
+        };
+
+        keyFile = lib.mkOption {
+          type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.path;
+          default = null;
+          example = "/var/lib/gns3/ssl/server.key";
+          description = lib.mdDoc "Private key file for the certificate.";
+        };
+      };
+
+      dynamips = {
+        enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc ''Whether to enable Dynamips support.'');
+        package = lib.mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "dynamips" { };
+      };
+
+      ubridge = {
+        enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc ''Whether to enable uBridge support.'');
+        package = lib.mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "ubridge" { };
+      };
+
+      vpcs = {
+        enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc ''Whether to enable VPCS support.'');
+        package = lib.mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "vpcs" { };
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = let
+    flags = {
+      enableDocker = config.virtualisation.docker.enable;
+      enableLibvirtd = config.virtualisation.libvirtd.enable;
+    };
+
+  in lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    assertions = [
+      {
+        assertion = cfg.ssl.enable -> cfg.ssl.certFile != null;
+        message = "Please provide a certificate to use for SSL encryption.";
+      }
+      {
+        assertion = cfg.ssl.enable -> cfg.ssl.keyFile != null;
+        message = "Please provide a private key to use for SSL encryption.";
+      }
+      {
+        assertion = cfg.auth.enable -> cfg.auth.user != null;
+        message = "Please provide a username to use for HTTP authentication.";
+      }
+      {
+        assertion = cfg.auth.enable -> cfg.auth.passwordFile != null;
+        message = "Please provide a password file to use for HTTP authentication.";
+      }
+    ];
+
+    users.groups.ubridge = lib.mkIf cfg.ubridge.enable { };
+
+    security.wrappers.ubridge = lib.mkIf cfg.ubridge.enable {
+      capabilities = "cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin=eip";
+      group = "ubridge";
+      owner = "root";
+      permissions = "u=rwx,g=rx,o=r";
+      source = lib.getExe cfg.ubridge.package;
+    };
+
+    services.gns3-server.settings = lib.mkMerge [
+      {
+        Server = {
+          appliances_path = lib.mkDefault "/var/lib/gns3/appliances";
+          configs_path = lib.mkDefault "/var/lib/gns3/configs";
+          images_path = lib.mkDefault "/var/lib/gns3/images";
+          projects_path = lib.mkDefault "/var/lib/gns3/projects";
+          symbols_path = lib.mkDefault "/var/lib/gns3/symbols";
+        };
+      }
+      (lib.mkIf (cfg.ubridge.enable) {
+        Server.ubridge_path = lib.mkDefault (lib.getExe cfg.ubridge.package);
+      })
+      (lib.mkIf (cfg.auth.enable) {
+        Server = {
+          auth = lib.mkDefault (lib.boolToString cfg.auth.enable);
+          user = lib.mkDefault cfg.auth.user;
+          password = lib.mkDefault "@AUTH_PASSWORD@";
+        };
+      })
+      (lib.mkIf (cfg.vpcs.enable) {
+        VPCS.vpcs_path = lib.mkDefault (lib.getExe cfg.vpcs.package);
+      })
+      (lib.mkIf (cfg.dynamips.enable) {
+        Dynamips.dynamips_path = lib.mkDefault (lib.getExe cfg.dynamips.package);
+      })
+    ];
+
+    systemd.services.gns3-server = let
+      commandArgs = lib.cli.toGNUCommandLineShell { } {
+        config = "/etc/gns3/gns3_server.conf";
+        pid = "/run/gns3/server.pid";
+        log = cfg.log.file;
+        ssl = cfg.ssl.enable;
+        # These are implicitly not set if `null`
+        certfile = cfg.ssl.certFile;
+        certkey = cfg.ssl.keyFile;
+      };
+    in
+    {
+      description = "GNS3 Server";
+
+      after = [ "network.target" "network-online.target" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
+
+      # configFile cannot be stored in RuntimeDirectory, because GNS3
+      # uses the `--config` base path to stores supplementary configuration files at runtime.
+      #
+      preStart = ''
+        install -m660 ${configFile} /etc/gns3/gns3_server.conf
+
+        ${lib.optionalString cfg.auth.enable ''
+          ${pkgs.replace-secret}/bin/replace-secret \
+            '@AUTH_PASSWORD@' \
+            "''${CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY}/AUTH_PASSWORD" \
+            /etc/gns3/gns3_server.conf
+        ''}
+      '';
+
+      path = lib.optional flags.enableLibvirtd pkgs.qemu;
+
+      reloadTriggers = [ configFile ];
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ConfigurationDirectory = "gns3";
+        ConfigurationDirectoryMode = "0750";
+        DynamicUser = true;
+        Environment = "HOME=%S/gns3";
+        ExecReload = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID";
+        ExecStart = "${lib.getExe cfg.package} ${commandArgs}";
+        Group = "gns3";
+        LimitNOFILE = 16384;
+        LoadCredential = lib.mkIf cfg.auth.enable [ "AUTH_PASSWORD:${cfg.auth.passwordFile}" ];
+        LogsDirectory = "gns3";
+        LogsDirectoryMode = "0750";
+        PIDFile = "/run/gns3/server.pid";
+        Restart = "on-failure";
+        RestartSec = 5;
+        RuntimeDirectory = "gns3";
+        StateDirectory = "gns3";
+        StateDirectoryMode = "0750";
+        SupplementaryGroups = lib.optional flags.enableDocker "docker"
+          ++ lib.optional flags.enableLibvirtd "libvirtd"
+          ++ lib.optional cfg.ubridge.enable "ubridge";
+        User = "gns3";
+        WorkingDirectory = "%S/gns3";
+
+        # Hardening
+        DeviceAllow = lib.optional flags.enableLibvirtd "/dev/kvm";
+        DevicePolicy = "closed";
+        LockPersonality = true;
+        MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+        NoNewPrivileges = true;
+        PrivateTmp = true;
+        PrivateUsers = true;
+        # Don't restrict ProcSubset because python3Packages.psutil requires read access to /proc/stat
+        # ProcSubset = "pid";
+        ProtectClock = true;
+        ProtectControlGroups = true;
+        ProtectHome = true;
+        ProtectHostname = true;
+        ProtectKernelLogs = true;
+        ProtectKernelModules = true;
+        ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+        ProtectProc = "invisible";
+        ProtectSystem = "strict";
+        RestrictAddressFamilies = [
+          "AF_INET"
+          "AF_INET6"
+          "AF_NETLINK"
+          "AF_UNIX"
+          "AF_PACKET"
+        ];
+        RestrictNamespaces = true;
+        RestrictRealtime = true;
+        RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+        UMask = "0077";
+      };
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/harmonia.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/harmonia.nix
index d0f4a8a6e633..b384ac926137 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/harmonia.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/harmonia.nix
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ in
         ExecStart = lib.getExe cfg.package;
         User = "harmonia";
         Group = "harmonia";
+        Restart = "on-failure";
         PrivateUsers = true;
         DeviceAllow = [ "" ];
         UMask = "0066";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/kea.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/kea.nix
index 2f922a026a3a..5ca705976c41 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/kea.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/kea.nix
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ in
       DynamicUser = true;
       User = "kea";
       ConfigurationDirectory = "kea";
+      RuntimeDirectory = "kea";
+      RuntimeDirectoryPreserve = true;
       StateDirectory = "kea";
       UMask = "0077";
     };
@@ -288,8 +290,8 @@ in
       ];
 
       environment = {
-        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-ctrl-agent";
-        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-ctrl-agent";
+        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
+        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
       };
 
       restartTriggers = [
@@ -300,7 +302,6 @@ in
         ExecStart = "${package}/bin/kea-ctrl-agent -c /etc/kea/ctrl-agent.conf ${lib.escapeShellArgs cfg.ctrl-agent.extraArgs}";
         KillMode = "process";
         Restart = "on-failure";
-        RuntimeDirectory = "kea-ctrl-agent";
       } // commonServiceConfig;
     };
   })
@@ -329,8 +330,8 @@ in
       ];
 
       environment = {
-        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-dhcp4";
-        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-dhcp4";
+        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
+        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
       };
 
       restartTriggers = [
@@ -348,7 +349,6 @@ in
           "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE"
           "CAP_NET_RAW"
         ];
-        RuntimeDirectory = "kea-dhcp4";
       } // commonServiceConfig;
     };
   })
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ in
       ];
 
       environment = {
-        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-dhcp6";
-        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-dhcp6";
+        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
+        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
       };
 
       restartTriggers = [
@@ -394,7 +394,6 @@ in
         CapabilityBoundingSet = [
           "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE"
         ];
-        RuntimeDirectory = "kea-dhcp6";
       } // commonServiceConfig;
     };
   })
@@ -423,8 +422,8 @@ in
       ];
 
       environment = {
-        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-dhcp-ddns";
-        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea-dhcp-ddns";
+        KEA_PIDFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
+        KEA_LOCKFILE_DIR = "/run/kea";
       };
 
       restartTriggers = [
@@ -439,7 +438,6 @@ in
         CapabilityBoundingSet = [
           "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE"
         ];
-        RuntimeDirectory = "kea-dhcp-ddns";
       } // commonServiceConfig;
     };
   })
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/ssh/sshd.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/ssh/sshd.nix
index f54ce5917438..39793922ab51 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/ssh/sshd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/ssh/sshd.nix
@@ -674,7 +674,11 @@ in
           (lport: "sshd -G -T -C lport=${toString lport} -f ${sshconf} > /dev/null")
           cfg.ports}
         ${concatMapStringsSep "\n"
-          (la: "sshd -G -T -C ${escapeShellArg "laddr=${la.addr},lport=${toString la.port}"} -f ${sshconf} > /dev/null")
+          (la:
+            concatMapStringsSep "\n"
+              (port: "sshd -G -T -C ${escapeShellArg "laddr=${la.addr},lport=${toString port}"} -f ${sshconf} > /dev/null")
+              (if la.port != null then [ la.port ] else cfg.ports)
+          )
           cfg.listenAddresses}
         touch $out
       '')
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/tailscale.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/tailscale.nix
index 3822df81063d..1070e4e25296 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/tailscale.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/tailscale.nix
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ in {
     };
 
     systemd.services.tailscaled-autoconnect = mkIf (cfg.authKeyFile != null) {
-      after = ["tailscale.service"];
-      wants = ["tailscale.service"];
+      after = ["tailscaled.service"];
+      wants = ["tailscaled.service"];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "oneshot";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/yggdrasil.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/yggdrasil.nix
index 514753687d69..9173e7eb3457 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/yggdrasil.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/yggdrasil.nix
@@ -137,16 +137,24 @@ in
         message = "networking.enableIPv6 must be true for yggdrasil to work";
       }];
 
-      system.activationScripts.yggdrasil = mkIf cfg.persistentKeys ''
-        if [ ! -e ${keysPath} ]
-        then
-          mkdir --mode=700 -p ${builtins.dirOf keysPath}
-          ${binYggdrasil} -genconf -json \
-            | ${pkgs.jq}/bin/jq \
-                'to_entries|map(select(.key|endswith("Key")))|from_entries' \
-            > ${keysPath}
-        fi
-      '';
+      # This needs to be a separate service. The yggdrasil service fails if
+      # this is put into its preStart.
+      systemd.services.yggdrasil-persistent-keys = lib.mkIf cfg.persistentKeys {
+        wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+        before = [ "yggdrasil.service" ];
+        serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+        serviceConfig.RemainAfterExit = true;
+        script = ''
+          if [ ! -e ${keysPath} ]
+          then
+            mkdir --mode=700 -p ${builtins.dirOf keysPath}
+            ${binYggdrasil} -genconf -json \
+              | ${pkgs.jq}/bin/jq \
+                  'to_entries|map(select(.key|endswith("Key")))|from_entries' \
+              > ${keysPath}
+          fi
+        '';
+      };
 
       systemd.services.yggdrasil = {
         description = "Yggdrasil Network Service";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/networking/zerotierone.nix b/nixos/modules/services/networking/zerotierone.nix
index 994e01d4980e..60615d553041 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/networking/zerotierone.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/networking/zerotierone.nix
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ with lib;
 
 let
   cfg = config.services.zerotierone;
+  localConfFile = pkgs.writeText "zt-local.conf" (builtins.toJSON cfg.localConf);
+  localConfFilePath = "/var/lib/zerotier-one/local.conf";
 in
 {
   options.services.zerotierone.enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "ZeroTierOne");
@@ -29,6 +31,19 @@ in
 
   options.services.zerotierone.package = mkPackageOption pkgs "zerotierone" { };
 
+  options.services.zerotierone.localConf = mkOption {
+    default = null;
+    description = mdDoc ''
+      Optional configuration to be written to the Zerotier JSON-based local.conf.
+      If set, the configuration will be symlinked to `/var/lib/zerotier-one/local.conf` at build time.
+      To understand the configuration format, refer to https://docs.zerotier.com/config/#local-configuration-options.
+    '';
+    example = {
+      settings.allowTcpFallbackRelay = false;
+    };
+    type = types.nullOr types.attrs;
+  };
+
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
     systemd.services.zerotierone = {
       description = "ZeroTierOne";
@@ -45,7 +60,17 @@ in
         chown -R root:root /var/lib/zerotier-one
       '' + (concatMapStrings (netId: ''
         touch "/var/lib/zerotier-one/networks.d/${netId}.conf"
-      '') cfg.joinNetworks);
+      '') cfg.joinNetworks) + optionalString (cfg.localConf != null) ''
+        if [ -L "${localConfFilePath}" ]
+        then
+          rm ${localConfFilePath}
+        elif [ -f "${localConfFilePath}" ]
+        then
+          mv ${localConfFilePath} ${localConfFilePath}.bak
+        fi
+        ln -s ${localConfFile} ${localConfFilePath}
+      '';
+
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/zerotier-one -p${toString cfg.port}";
         Restart = "always";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/security/bitwarden-directory-connector-cli.nix b/nixos/modules/services/security/bitwarden-directory-connector-cli.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..18c02e22fd7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/security/bitwarden-directory-connector-cli.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  pkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+with lib; let
+  cfg = config.services.bitwarden-directory-connector-cli;
+in {
+  options.services.bitwarden-directory-connector-cli = {
+    enable = mkEnableOption "Bitwarden Directory Connector";
+
+    package = mkPackageOption pkgs "bitwarden-directory-connector-cli" {};
+
+    domain = mkOption {
+      type = types.str;
+      description = lib.mdDoc "The domain the Bitwarden/Vaultwarden is accessible on.";
+      example = "https://vaultwarden.example.com";
+    };
+
+    user = mkOption {
+      type = types.str;
+      description = lib.mdDoc "User to run the program.";
+      default = "bwdc";
+    };
+
+    interval = mkOption {
+      type = types.str;
+      default = "*:0,15,30,45";
+      description = lib.mdDoc "The interval when to run the connector. This uses systemd's OnCalendar syntax.";
+    };
+
+    ldap = mkOption {
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Options to configure the LDAP connection.
+        If you used the desktop application to test the configuration you can find the settings by searching for `ldap` in `~/.config/Bitwarden\ Directory\ Connector/data.json`.
+      '';
+      default = {};
+      type = types.submodule ({
+        config,
+        options,
+        ...
+      }: {
+        freeformType = types.attrsOf (pkgs.formats.json {}).type;
+
+        config.finalJSON = builtins.toJSON (removeAttrs config (filter (x: x == "finalJSON" || ! options.${x}.isDefined or false) (attrNames options)));
+
+        options = {
+          finalJSON = mkOption {
+            type = (pkgs.formats.json {}).type;
+            internal = true;
+            readOnly = true;
+            visible = false;
+          };
+
+          ssl = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Whether to use TLS.";
+          };
+          startTls = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Whether to use STARTTLS.";
+          };
+
+          hostname = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "The host the LDAP is accessible on.";
+            example = "ldap.example.com";
+          };
+
+          port = mkOption {
+            type = types.port;
+            default = 389;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Port LDAP is accessible on.";
+          };
+
+          ad = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Whether the LDAP Server is an Active Directory.";
+          };
+
+          pagedSearch = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Whether the LDAP server paginates search results.";
+          };
+
+          rootPath = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Root path for LDAP.";
+            example = "dc=example,dc=com";
+          };
+
+          username = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "The user to authenticate as.";
+            example = "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com";
+          };
+        };
+      });
+    };
+
+    sync = mkOption {
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Options to configure what gets synced.
+        If you used the desktop application to test the configuration you can find the settings by searching for `sync` in `~/.config/Bitwarden\ Directory\ Connector/data.json`.
+      '';
+      default = {};
+      type = types.submodule ({
+        config,
+        options,
+        ...
+      }: {
+        freeformType = types.attrsOf (pkgs.formats.json {}).type;
+
+        config.finalJSON = builtins.toJSON (removeAttrs config (filter (x: x == "finalJSON" || ! options.${x}.isDefined or false) (attrNames options)));
+
+        options = {
+          finalJSON = mkOption {
+            type = (pkgs.formats.json {}).type;
+            internal = true;
+            readOnly = true;
+            visible = false;
+          };
+
+          removeDisabled = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = true;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Remove users from bitwarden groups if no longer in the ldap group.";
+          };
+
+          overwriteExisting = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description =
+              lib.mdDoc "Remove and re-add users/groups, See https://bitwarden.com/help/user-group-filters/#overwriting-syncs for more details.";
+          };
+
+          largeImport = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Enable if you are syncing more than 2000 users/groups.";
+          };
+
+          memberAttribute = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Attribute that lists members in a LDAP group.";
+            example = "uniqueMember";
+          };
+
+          creationDateAttribute = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Attribute that lists a user's creation date.";
+            example = "whenCreated";
+          };
+
+          useEmailPrefixSuffix = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "If a user has no email address, combine a username prefix with a suffix value to form an email.";
+          };
+          emailPrefixAttribute = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "The attribute that contains the users username.";
+            example = "accountName";
+          };
+          emailSuffix = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Suffix for the email, normally @example.com.";
+            example = "@example.com";
+          };
+
+          users = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Sync users.";
+          };
+          userPath = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "User directory, relative to root.";
+            default = "ou=users";
+          };
+          userObjectClass = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Class that users must have.";
+            default = "inetOrgPerson";
+          };
+          userEmailAttribute = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Attribute for a users email.";
+            default = "mail";
+          };
+          userFilter = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "LDAP filter for users.";
+            example = "(memberOf=cn=sales,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com)";
+            default = "";
+          };
+
+          groups = mkOption {
+            type = types.bool;
+            default = false;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Whether to sync ldap groups into BitWarden.";
+          };
+          groupPath = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Group directory, relative to root.";
+            default = "ou=groups";
+          };
+          groupObjectClass = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "A class that groups will have.";
+            default = "groupOfNames";
+          };
+          groupNameAttribute = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "Attribute for a name of group.";
+            default = "cn";
+          };
+          groupFilter = mkOption {
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc "LDAP filter for groups.";
+            example = "(cn=sales)";
+            default = "";
+          };
+        };
+      });
+    };
+
+    secrets = {
+      ldap = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        description = "Path to file that contains LDAP password for user in {option}`ldap.username";
+      };
+
+      bitwarden = {
+        client_path_id = mkOption {
+          type = types.str;
+          description = "Path to file that contains Client ID.";
+        };
+        client_path_secret = mkOption {
+          type = types.str;
+          description = "Path to file that contains Client Secret.";
+        };
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = mkIf cfg.enable {
+    users.groups."${cfg.user}" = {};
+    users.users."${cfg.user}" = {
+      isSystemUser = true;
+      group = cfg.user;
+    };
+
+    systemd = {
+      timers.bitwarden-directory-connector-cli = {
+        description = "Sync timer for Bitwarden Directory Connector";
+        wantedBy = ["timers.target"];
+        after = ["network-online.target"];
+        timerConfig = {
+          OnCalendar = cfg.interval;
+          Unit = "bitwarden-directory-connector-cli.service";
+          Persistent = true;
+        };
+      };
+
+      services.bitwarden-directory-connector-cli = {
+        description = "Main process for Bitwarden Directory Connector";
+        path = [pkgs.jq];
+
+        environment = {
+          BITWARDENCLI_CONNECTOR_APPDATA_DIR = "/tmp";
+          BITWARDENCLI_CONNECTOR_PLAINTEXT_SECRETS = "true";
+        };
+
+        serviceConfig = {
+          Type = "oneshot";
+          User = "${cfg.user}";
+          PrivateTmp = true;
+          preStart = ''
+            set -eo pipefail
+
+            # create the config file
+            ${lib.getExe cfg.package} data-file
+            touch /tmp/data.json.tmp
+            chmod 600 /tmp/data.json{,.tmp}
+
+            ${lib.getExe cfg.package} config server ${cfg.domain}
+
+            # now login to set credentials
+            export BW_CLIENTID="$(< ${escapeShellArg cfg.secrets.bitwarden.client_path_id})"
+            export BW_CLIENTSECRET="$(< ${escapeShellArg cfg.secrets.bitwarden.client_path_secret})"
+            ${lib.getExe cfg.package} login
+
+            jq '.authenticatedAccounts[0] as $account
+              | .[$account].directoryConfigurations.ldap |= $ldap_data
+              | .[$account].directorySettings.organizationId |= $orgID
+              | .[$account].directorySettings.sync |= $sync_data' \
+              --argjson ldap_data ${escapeShellArg cfg.ldap.finalJSON} \
+              --arg orgID "''${BW_CLIENTID//organization.}" \
+              --argjson sync_data ${escapeShellArg cfg.sync.finalJSON} \
+              /tmp/data.json \
+              > /tmp/data.json.tmp
+
+            mv -f /tmp/data.json.tmp /tmp/data.json
+
+            # final config
+            ${lib.getExe cfg.package} config directory 0
+            ${lib.getExe cfg.package} config ldap.password --secretfile ${cfg.secrets.ldap}
+          '';
+
+          ExecStart = "${lib.getExe cfg.package} sync";
+        };
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  meta.maintainers = with maintainers; [Silver-Golden];
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/security/munge.nix b/nixos/modules/services/security/munge.nix
index 4d6fe33f697b..9d306c205f94 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/security/munge.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/security/munge.nix
@@ -45,19 +45,25 @@ in
 
     systemd.services.munged = {
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "network.target" ];
+      wants = [
+        "network-online.target"
+        "time-sync.target"
+      ];
+      after = [
+        "network-online.target"
+        "time-sync.target"
+      ];
 
       path = [ pkgs.munge pkgs.coreutils ];
 
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStartPre = "+${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/chmod 0400 ${cfg.password}";
-        ExecStart = "${pkgs.munge}/bin/munged --syslog --key-file ${cfg.password}";
-        PIDFile = "/run/munge/munged.pid";
-        ExecReload = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID";
+        ExecStart = "${pkgs.munge}/bin/munged --foreground --key-file ${cfg.password}";
         User = "munge";
         Group = "munge";
         StateDirectory = "munge";
         StateDirectoryMode = "0711";
+        Restart = "on-failure";
         RuntimeDirectory = "munge";
       };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/security/tor.nix b/nixos/modules/services/security/tor.nix
index 4ff941251c99..dea20dec1ab4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/security/tor.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/security/tor.nix
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ in
           BridgeRelay = true;
           ExtORPort.port = mkDefault "auto";
           ServerTransportPlugin.transports = mkDefault ["obfs4"];
-          ServerTransportPlugin.exec = mkDefault "${pkgs.obfs4}/bin/obfs4proxy managed";
+          ServerTransportPlugin.exec = mkDefault "${lib.getExe pkgs.obfs4} managed";
         } // optionalAttrs (cfg.relay.role == "private-bridge") {
           ExtraInfoStatistics = false;
           PublishServerDescriptor = false;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/backup.sh b/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/backup.sh
index 2a3de0ab1dee..7668da5bc88f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/backup.sh
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/backup.sh
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Based on: https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/wiki/Backing-up-your-vault
-if ! mkdir -p "$BACKUP_FOLDER"; then
-  echo "Could not create backup folder '$BACKUP_FOLDER'" >&2
+if [ ! -d "$BACKUP_FOLDER" ]; then
+  echo "Backup folder '$BACKUP_FOLDER' does not exist" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/default.nix
index 14bbfa95a9ca..470db735bf64 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/security/vaultwarden/default.nix
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ in {
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
         The directory under which vaultwarden will backup its persistent data.
       '';
+      example = "/var/backup/vaultwarden";
     };
 
     config = mkOption {
@@ -230,6 +231,13 @@ in {
       };
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
     };
+
+    systemd.tmpfiles.settings = mkIf (cfg.backupDir != null) {
+      "10-vaultwarden".${cfg.backupDir}.d = {
+        inherit user group;
+        mode = "0770";
+      };
+    };
   };
 
   # uses attributes of the linked package
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/system/cachix-watch-store.nix b/nixos/modules/services/system/cachix-watch-store.nix
index 992a59cbc075..8aa5f0358fa9 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/system/cachix-watch-store.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/system/cachix-watch-store.nix
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
+    signingKeyFile = mkOption {
+      type = types.nullOr types.path;
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        Optional file containing a self-managed signing key to sign uploaded store paths.
+      '';
+      default = null;
+    };
+
     compressionLevel = mkOption {
       type = types.nullOr types.int;
       description = lib.mdDoc "The compression level for ZSTD compression (between 0 and 16)";
@@ -69,7 +77,8 @@ in
         DynamicUser = true;
         LoadCredential = [
           "cachix-token:${toString cfg.cachixTokenFile}"
-        ];
+        ]
+        ++ lib.optional (cfg.signingKeyFile != null) "signing-key:${toString cfg.signingKeyFile}";
       };
       script =
         let
@@ -80,6 +89,7 @@ in
         in
         ''
           export CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN="$(<"$CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY/cachix-token")"
+          ${lib.optionalString (cfg.signingKeyFile != null) ''export CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY="$(<"$CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY/signing-key")"''}
           ${lib.escapeShellArgs command}
         '';
     };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/system/zram-generator.nix b/nixos/modules/services/system/zram-generator.nix
index 10b9992375cc..429531e5743d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/system/zram-generator.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/system/zram-generator.nix
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ in
 
   config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
     system.requiredKernelConfig = with config.lib.kernelConfig; [
-      (isModule "ZRAM")
+      (isEnabled "ZRAM")
     ];
 
     systemd.packages = [ cfg.package ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/torrent/transmission.nix b/nixos/modules/services/torrent/transmission.nix
index 7fb7847ce935..5dd02eb33163 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/torrent/transmission.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/torrent/transmission.nix
@@ -251,6 +251,20 @@ in
           For instance, SSH sessions may time out more easily.
         '';
       };
+
+      webHome = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.path;
+        default = null;
+        example = "pkgs.flood-for-transmission";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          If not `null`, sets the value of the `TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME`
+          environment variable used by the service. Useful for overriding
+          the web interface files, without overriding the transmission
+          package and thus requiring rebuilding it locally. Use this if
+          you want to use an alternative web interface, such as
+          `pkgs.flood-for-transmission`.
+        '';
+      };
     };
   };
 
@@ -280,6 +294,7 @@ in
       requires = optional apparmor.enable "apparmor.service";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       environment.CURL_CA_BUNDLE = etc."ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt".source;
+      environment.TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME = lib.mkIf (cfg.webHome != null) cfg.webHome;
 
       serviceConfig = {
         # Use "+" because credentialsFile may not be accessible to User= or Group=.
@@ -314,6 +329,9 @@ in
         BindPaths =
           [ "${cfg.home}/${settingsDir}"
             cfg.settings.download-dir
+            # Transmission may need to read in the host's /run (eg. /run/systemd/resolve)
+            # or write in its private /run (eg. /run/host).
+            "/run"
           ] ++
           optional cfg.settings.incomplete-dir-enabled
             cfg.settings.incomplete-dir ++
@@ -324,7 +342,6 @@ in
           # an AppArmor profile is provided to get a confinement based upon paths and rights.
           builtins.storeDir
           "/etc"
-          "/run"
           ] ++
           optional (cfg.settings.script-torrent-done-enabled &&
                     cfg.settings.script-torrent-done-filename != null)
@@ -349,10 +366,10 @@ in
         MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
         NoNewPrivileges = true;
         PrivateDevices = true;
-        PrivateMounts = true;
+        PrivateMounts = mkDefault true;
         PrivateNetwork = mkDefault false;
         PrivateTmp = true;
-        PrivateUsers = true;
+        PrivateUsers = mkDefault true;
         ProtectClock = true;
         ProtectControlGroups = true;
         # ProtectHome=true would not allow BindPaths= to work across /home,
@@ -490,6 +507,10 @@ in
         # https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/-/wikis/AppArmorStacking#seccomp-and-no_new_privs
         px ${cfg.settings.script-torrent-done-filename} -> &@{dirs},
       ''}
+
+      ${optionalString (cfg.webHome != null) ''
+        r ${cfg.webHome}/**,
+      ''}
     '';
   };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/video/frigate.nix b/nixos/modules/services/video/frigate.nix
index 146e968780c3..b7945282ba09 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/video/frigate.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/video/frigate.nix
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ in
       ];
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${cfg.package.python.interpreter} -m frigate";
+        Restart = "on-failure";
 
         User = "frigate";
         Group = "frigate";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/code-server.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/code-server.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11601f6c3044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/code-server.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  cfg = config.services.code-server;
+  defaultUser = "code-server";
+  defaultGroup = defaultUser;
+in {
+  options = {
+    services.code-server = {
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "code-server");
+
+      package = lib.mkPackageOptionMD pkgs "code-server" {
+        example = ''
+          pkgs.vscode-with-extensions.override {
+            vscode = pkgs.code-server;
+            vscodeExtensions = with pkgs.vscode-extensions; [
+              bbenoist.nix
+              dracula-theme.theme-dracula
+            ];
+          }
+        '';
+      };
+
+      extraPackages = lib.mkOption {
+        default = [ ];
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Additional packages to add to the code-server {env}`PATH`.
+        '';
+        example = lib.literalExpression "[ pkgs.go ]";
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.package;
+      };
+
+      extraEnvironment = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.attrsOf lib.types.str;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Additional environment variables to pass to code-server.
+        '';
+        default = { };
+        example = { PKG_CONFIG_PATH = "/run/current-system/sw/lib/pkgconfig"; };
+      };
+
+      extraArguments = lib.mkOption {
+        default = [ ];
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Additional arguments to pass to code-server.
+        '';
+        example = lib.literalExpression ''[ "--log=info" ]'';
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      host = lib.mkOption {
+        default = "localhost";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The host name or IP address the server should listen to.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      port = lib.mkOption {
+        default = 4444;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The port the server should listen to.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.port;
+      };
+
+      auth = lib.mkOption {
+        default = "password";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The type of authentication to use.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.enum [ "none" "password" ];
+      };
+
+      hashedPassword = lib.mkOption {
+        default = "";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Create the password with: `echo -n 'thisismypassword' | npx argon2-cli -e`.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      user = lib.mkOption {
+        default = defaultUser;
+        example = "yourUser";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The user to run code-server as.
+          By default, a user named `${defaultUser}` will be created.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      group = lib.mkOption {
+        default = defaultGroup;
+        example = "yourGroup";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          The group to run code-server under.
+          By default, a group named `${defaultGroup}` will be created.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      extraGroups = lib.mkOption {
+        default = [ ];
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          An array of additional groups for the `${defaultUser}` user.
+        '';
+        example = [ "docker" ];
+        type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      socket = lib.mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        example = "/run/code-server/socket";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Path to a socket (bind-addr will be ignored).
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      socketMode = lib.mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+           File mode of the socket.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      userDataDir = lib.mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Path to the user data directory.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      extensionsDir = lib.mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Path to the extensions directory.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      proxyDomain = lib.mkOption {
+        default = null;
+        example = "code-server.lan";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Domain used for proxying ports.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+      };
+
+      disableTelemetry = lib.mkOption {
+        default = false;
+        example = true;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Disable telemetry.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+      };
+
+      disableUpdateCheck = lib.mkOption {
+        default = false;
+        example = true;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Disable update check.
+          Without this flag, code-server checks every 6 hours against the latest github release and
+          then notifies you once every week that a new release is available.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+      };
+
+      disableFileDownloads = lib.mkOption {
+        default = false;
+        example = true;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Disable file downloads from Code.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+      };
+
+      disableWorkspaceTrust = lib.mkOption {
+        default = false;
+        example = true;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Disable Workspace Trust feature.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+      };
+
+      disableGettingStartedOverride = lib.mkOption {
+        default = false;
+        example = true;
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Disable the coder/coder override in the Help: Getting Started page.
+        '';
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+      };
+
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    systemd.services.code-server = {
+      description = "Code server";
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      after = [ "network-online.target" ];
+      path = cfg.extraPackages;
+      environment = {
+        HASHED_PASSWORD = cfg.hashedPassword;
+      } // cfg.extraEnvironment;
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ExecStart = ''
+          ${lib.getExe cfg.package} \
+            --auth=${cfg.auth} \
+            --bind-addr=${cfg.host}:${toString cfg.port} \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.socket != null) ''
+            --socket=${cfg.socket} \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.userDataDir != null) ''
+            --user-data-dir=${cfg.userDataDir} \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.extensionsDir != null) ''
+            --extensions-dir=${cfg.extensionsDir} \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.disableTelemetry == true) ''
+            --disable-telemetry \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.disableUpdateCheck == true) ''
+            --disable-update-check \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.disableFileDownloads == true) ''
+            --disable-file-downloads \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.disableWorkspaceTrust == true) ''
+            --disable-workspace-trust \
+          '' + lib.optionalString (cfg.disableGettingStartedOverride == true) ''
+            --disable-getting-started-override \
+          '' + lib.escapeShellArgs cfg.extraArguments;
+        ExecReload = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID";
+        RuntimeDirectory = cfg.user;
+        User = cfg.user;
+        Group = cfg.group;
+        Restart = "on-failure";
+      };
+    };
+
+    users.users."${cfg.user}" = lib.mkMerge [
+      (lib.mkIf (cfg.user == defaultUser) {
+        isNormalUser = true;
+        description = "code-server user";
+        inherit (cfg) group;
+      })
+      {
+        packages = cfg.extraPackages;
+        inherit (cfg) extraGroups;
+      }
+    ];
+
+    users.groups."${defaultGroup}" = lib.mkIf (cfg.group == defaultGroup) { };
+  };
+
+  meta.maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.stackshadow ];
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/freshrss.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/freshrss.nix
index 9683730bbe1f..c8399143c37b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/freshrss.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/freshrss.nix
@@ -294,7 +294,6 @@ in
       systemd.services.freshrss-updater = {
         description = "FreshRSS feed updater";
         after = [ "freshrss-config.service" ];
-        wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
         startAt = "*:0/5";
         environment = {
           DATA_PATH = cfg.dataDir;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/invidious.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/invidious.nix
index 471027c35705..359aaabfe673 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/invidious.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/invidious.nix
@@ -153,10 +153,11 @@ let
         message = ''
           For local automatic database provisioning (services.invidious.database.createLocally == true)
           to  work, the username used to connect to PostgreSQL must match the database name, that is
-          services.invidious.database.user must match services.invidious.database.dbName.
+          services.invidious.settings.db.user must match services.invidious.settings.db.dbname.
           This is the default since NixOS 24.05. For older systems, it is normally safe to manually set
-          services.invidious.database.user to "invidious" as the new user will be created with permissions
-          for the existing database.
+          the user to "invidious" as the new user will be created with permissions
+          for the existing database. `REASSIGN OWNED BY kemal TO invidious;` may also be needed, it can be
+          run as `sudo -u postgres env psql --user=postgres --dbname=invidious -c 'reassign OWNED BY kemal to invidious;'`.
         '';
       }
     ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mastodon.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mastodon.nix
index 7b00ce35eb1a..538e728fcc72 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mastodon.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/mastodon.nix
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ let
         # System Call Filtering
         SystemCallFilter = [ ("~" + lib.concatStringsSep " " systemCallsList) "@chown" "pipe" "pipe2" ];
       } // cfgService;
-      path = with pkgs; [ file imagemagick ffmpeg ];
+      path = with pkgs; [ ffmpeg-headless file imagemagick ];
     })
   ) cfg.sidekiqProcesses;
 
@@ -711,31 +711,28 @@ in {
     systemd.services.mastodon-init-db = lib.mkIf cfg.automaticMigrations {
       script = lib.optionalString (!databaseActuallyCreateLocally) ''
         umask 077
-
-        export PGPASSFILE
-        PGPASSFILE=$(mktemp)
-        cat > $PGPASSFILE <<EOF
-        ${cfg.database.host}:${toString cfg.database.port}:${cfg.database.name}:${cfg.database.user}:$(cat ${cfg.database.passwordFile})
-        EOF
-
+        export PGPASSWORD="$(cat '${cfg.database.passwordFile}')"
       '' + ''
-        if [ `psql ${cfg.database.name} -c \
+        if [ `psql -c \
                 "select count(*) from pg_class c \
                 join pg_namespace s on s.oid = c.relnamespace \
                 where s.nspname not in ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast', 'information_schema') \
                 and s.nspname not like 'pg_temp%';" | sed -n 3p` -eq 0 ]; then
+          echo "Seeding database"
           SAFETY_ASSURED=1 rails db:schema:load
           rails db:seed
         else
+          echo "Migrating database (this might be a noop)"
           rails db:migrate
         fi
       '' +  lib.optionalString (!databaseActuallyCreateLocally) ''
-        rm $PGPASSFILE
-        unset PGPASSFILE
+        unset PGPASSWORD
       '';
       path = [ cfg.package pkgs.postgresql ];
       environment = env // lib.optionalAttrs (!databaseActuallyCreateLocally) {
         PGHOST = cfg.database.host;
+        PGPORT = toString cfg.database.port;
+        PGDATABASE = cfg.database.name;
         PGUSER = cfg.database.user;
       };
       serviceConfig = {
@@ -776,7 +773,7 @@ in {
         # System Call Filtering
         SystemCallFilter = [ ("~" + lib.concatStringsSep " " systemCallsList) "@chown" "pipe" "pipe2" ];
       } // cfgService;
-      path = with pkgs; [ file imagemagick ffmpeg ];
+      path = with pkgs; [ ffmpeg-headless file imagemagick ];
     };
 
     systemd.services.mastodon-media-auto-remove = lib.mkIf cfg.mediaAutoRemove.enable {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.md b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.md
index b10fd566abb3..ce8f96a6a389 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.md
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.md
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ to ensure that changes can be applied by changing the module's options.
 In case the application serves multiple domains (those are checked with
 [`$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']`](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php))
 it's needed to add them to
-[`services.nextcloud.config.extraTrustedDomains`](#opt-services.nextcloud.config.extraTrustedDomains).
+[`services.nextcloud.extraOptions.trusted_domains`](#opt-services.nextcloud.extraOptions.trusted_domains).
 
 Auto updates for Nextcloud apps can be enabled using
 [`services.nextcloud.autoUpdateApps`](#opt-services.nextcloud.autoUpdateApps.enable).
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix
index a833f38eb851..39f4e8f11620 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.nix
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ let
   jsonFormat = pkgs.formats.json {};
 
   defaultPHPSettings = {
+    output_buffering = "0";
     short_open_tag = "Off";
     expose_php = "Off";
     error_reporting = "E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT";
@@ -23,6 +24,43 @@ let
     catch_workers_output = "yes";
   };
 
+  appStores = {
+    # default apps bundled with pkgs.nextcloudXX, e.g. files, contacts
+    apps = {
+      enabled = true;
+      writable = false;
+    };
+    # apps installed via cfg.extraApps
+    nix-apps = {
+      enabled = cfg.extraApps != { };
+      linkTarget = pkgs.linkFarm "nix-apps"
+        (mapAttrsToList (name: path: { inherit name path; }) cfg.extraApps);
+      writable = false;
+    };
+    # apps installed via the app store.
+    store-apps = {
+      enabled = cfg.appstoreEnable == null || cfg.appstoreEnable;
+      linkTarget = "${cfg.home}/store-apps";
+      writable = true;
+    };
+  };
+
+  webroot = pkgs.runCommand
+    "${cfg.package.name or "nextcloud"}-with-apps"
+    { }
+    ''
+      mkdir $out
+      ln -sfv "${cfg.package}"/* "$out"
+      ${concatStrings
+        (mapAttrsToList (name: store: optionalString (store.enabled && store?linkTarget) ''
+          if [ -e "$out"/${name} ]; then
+            echo "Didn't expect ${name} already in $out!"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          ln -sfTv ${store.linkTarget} "$out"/${name}
+        '') appStores)}
+    '';
+
   inherit (cfg) datadir;
 
   phpPackage = cfg.phpPackage.buildEnv {
@@ -45,7 +83,7 @@ let
 
   occ = pkgs.writeScriptBin "nextcloud-occ" ''
     #! ${pkgs.runtimeShell}
-    cd ${cfg.package}
+    cd ${webroot}
     sudo=exec
     if [[ "$USER" != nextcloud ]]; then
       sudo='exec /run/wrappers/bin/sudo -u nextcloud --preserve-env=NEXTCLOUD_CONFIG_DIR --preserve-env=OC_PASS'
@@ -94,6 +132,25 @@ in {
     (mkRemovedOptionModule [ "services" "nextcloud" "disableImagemagick" ] ''
       Use services.nextcloud.enableImagemagick instead.
     '')
+    (mkRemovedOptionModule [ "services" "nextcloud" "config" "dbport" ] ''
+      Add port to services.nextcloud.config.dbhost instead.
+    '')
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "logLevel" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "loglevel" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "logType" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "log_type" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "config" "defaultPhoneRegion" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "default_phone_region" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "config" "overwriteProtocol" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "overwriteprotocol" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "skeletonDirectory" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "skeletondirectory" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "globalProfiles" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "profile.enabled" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "config" "extraTrustedDomains" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "trusted_domains" ])
+    (mkRenamedOptionModule
+      [ "services" "nextcloud" "config" "trustedProxies" ] [ "services" "nextcloud" "extraOptions" "trusted_proxies" ])
   ];
 
   options.services.nextcloud = {
@@ -157,32 +214,6 @@ in {
         Set this to false to disable the installation of apps from the global appstore. App management is always enabled regardless of this setting.
       '';
     };
-    logLevel = mkOption {
-      type = types.ints.between 0 4;
-      default = 2;
-      description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        Log level value between 0 (DEBUG) and 4 (FATAL).
-
-        - 0 (debug): Log all activity.
-
-        - 1 (info): Log activity such as user logins and file activities, plus warnings, errors, and fatal errors.
-
-        - 2 (warn): Log successful operations, as well as warnings of potential problems, errors and fatal errors.
-
-        - 3 (error): Log failed operations and fatal errors.
-
-        - 4 (fatal): Log only fatal errors that cause the server to stop.
-      '';
-    };
-    logType = mkOption {
-      type = types.enum [ "errorlog" "file" "syslog" "systemd" ];
-      default = "syslog";
-      description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        Logging backend to use.
-        systemd requires the php-systemd package to be added to services.nextcloud.phpExtraExtensions.
-        See the [nextcloud documentation](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/logging_configuration.html) for details.
-      '';
-    };
     https = mkOption {
       type = types.bool;
       default = false;
@@ -206,16 +237,6 @@ in {
       '';
     };
 
-    skeletonDirectory = mkOption {
-      default = "";
-      type = types.str;
-      description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        The directory where the skeleton files are located. These files will be
-        copied to the data directory of new users. Leave empty to not copy any
-        skeleton files.
-      '';
-    };
-
     webfinger = mkOption {
       type = types.bool;
       default = false;
@@ -315,7 +336,6 @@ in {
 
     };
 
-
     config = {
       dbtype = mkOption {
         type = types.enum [ "sqlite" "pgsql" "mysql" ];
@@ -346,18 +366,14 @@ in {
           else if mysqlLocal then "localhost:/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"
           else "localhost";
         defaultText = "localhost";
+        example = "localhost:5000";
         description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          Database host or socket path.
+          Database host (+port) or socket path.
           If [](#opt-services.nextcloud.database.createLocally) is true and
           [](#opt-services.nextcloud.config.dbtype) is either `pgsql` or `mysql`,
           defaults to the correct Unix socket instead.
         '';
       };
-      dbport = mkOption {
-        type = with types; nullOr (either int str);
-        default = null;
-        description = lib.mdDoc "Database port.";
-      };
       dbtableprefix = mkOption {
         type = types.nullOr types.str;
         default = null;
@@ -380,53 +396,6 @@ in {
           setup of Nextcloud by the systemd service `nextcloud-setup.service`.
         '';
       };
-
-      extraTrustedDomains = mkOption {
-        type = types.listOf types.str;
-        default = [];
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          Trusted domains from which the Nextcloud installation will be
-          accessible.  You don't need to add
-          `services.nextcloud.hostname` here.
-        '';
-      };
-
-      trustedProxies = mkOption {
-        type = types.listOf types.str;
-        default = [];
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          Trusted proxies to provide if the Nextcloud installation is being
-          proxied to secure against, e.g. spoofing.
-        '';
-      };
-
-      overwriteProtocol = mkOption {
-        type = types.nullOr (types.enum [ "http" "https" ]);
-        default = null;
-        example = "https";
-
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          Force Nextcloud to always use HTTP or HTTPS i.e. for link generation.
-          Nextcloud uses the currently used protocol by default, but when
-          behind a reverse-proxy, it may use `http` for everything although
-          Nextcloud may be served via HTTPS.
-        '';
-      };
-
-      defaultPhoneRegion = mkOption {
-        default = null;
-        type = types.nullOr types.str;
-        example = "DE";
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          An [ISO 3166-1](https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html)
-          country code which replaces automatic phone-number detection
-          without a country code.
-
-          As an example, with `DE` set as the default phone region,
-          the `+49` prefix can be omitted for phone numbers.
-        '';
-      };
-
       objectstore = {
         s3 = {
           enable = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc ''
@@ -609,30 +578,109 @@ in {
         The nextcloud-occ program preconfigured to target this Nextcloud instance.
       '';
     };
-    globalProfiles = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "global profiles") // {
-      description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        Makes user-profiles globally available under `nextcloud.tld/u/user.name`.
-        Even though it's enabled by default in Nextcloud, it must be explicitly enabled
-        here because it has the side-effect that personal information is even accessible to
-        unauthenticated users by default.
-
-        By default, the following properties are set to “Show to everyone”
-        if this flag is enabled:
-        - About
-        - Full name
-        - Headline
-        - Organisation
-        - Profile picture
-        - Role
-        - Twitter
-        - Website
-
-        Only has an effect in Nextcloud 23 and later.
-      '';
-    };
 
     extraOptions = mkOption {
-      type = jsonFormat.type;
+      type = types.submodule {
+        freeformType = jsonFormat.type;
+        options = {
+
+          loglevel = mkOption {
+            type = types.ints.between 0 4;
+            default = 2;
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              Log level value between 0 (DEBUG) and 4 (FATAL).
+
+              - 0 (debug): Log all activity.
+
+              - 1 (info): Log activity such as user logins and file activities, plus warnings, errors, and fatal errors.
+
+              - 2 (warn): Log successful operations, as well as warnings of potential problems, errors and fatal errors.
+
+              - 3 (error): Log failed operations and fatal errors.
+
+              - 4 (fatal): Log only fatal errors that cause the server to stop.
+            '';
+          };
+          log_type = mkOption {
+            type = types.enum [ "errorlog" "file" "syslog" "systemd" ];
+            default = "syslog";
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              Logging backend to use.
+              systemd requires the php-systemd package to be added to services.nextcloud.phpExtraExtensions.
+              See the [nextcloud documentation](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/logging_configuration.html) for details.
+            '';
+          };
+          skeletondirectory = mkOption {
+            default = "";
+            type = types.str;
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              The directory where the skeleton files are located. These files will be
+              copied to the data directory of new users. Leave empty to not copy any
+              skeleton files.
+            '';
+          };
+          trusted_domains = mkOption {
+            type = types.listOf types.str;
+            default = [];
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              Trusted domains, from which the nextcloud installation will be
+              accessible. You don't need to add
+              `services.nextcloud.hostname` here.
+            '';
+          };
+          trusted_proxies = mkOption {
+            type = types.listOf types.str;
+            default = [];
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              Trusted proxies, to provide if the nextcloud installation is being
+              proxied to secure against e.g. spoofing.
+            '';
+          };
+          overwriteprotocol = mkOption {
+            type = types.enum [ "" "http" "https" ];
+            default = "";
+            example = "https";
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              Force Nextcloud to always use HTTP or HTTPS i.e. for link generation.
+              Nextcloud uses the currently used protocol by default, but when
+              behind a reverse-proxy, it may use `http` for everything although
+              Nextcloud may be served via HTTPS.
+            '';
+          };
+          default_phone_region = mkOption {
+            default = "";
+            type = types.str;
+            example = "DE";
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              An [ISO 3166-1](https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html)
+              country code which replaces automatic phone-number detection
+              without a country code.
+
+              As an example, with `DE` set as the default phone region,
+              the `+49` prefix can be omitted for phone numbers.
+            '';
+          };
+          "profile.enabled" = mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "global profiles") // {
+            description = lib.mdDoc ''
+              Makes user-profiles globally available under `nextcloud.tld/u/user.name`.
+              Even though it's enabled by default in Nextcloud, it must be explicitly enabled
+              here because it has the side-effect that personal information is even accessible to
+              unauthenticated users by default.
+              By default, the following properties are set to “Show to everyone”
+              if this flag is enabled:
+              - About
+              - Full name
+              - Headline
+              - Organisation
+              - Profile picture
+              - Role
+              - Twitter
+              - Website
+              Only has an effect in Nextcloud 23 and later.
+            '';
+          };
+        };
+      };
       default = {};
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
         Extra options which should be appended to Nextcloud's config.php file.
@@ -766,11 +814,10 @@ in {
         # When upgrading the Nextcloud package, Nextcloud can report errors such as
         # "The files of the app [all apps in /var/lib/nextcloud/apps] were not replaced correctly"
         # Restarting phpfpm on Nextcloud package update fixes these issues (but this is a workaround).
-        phpfpm-nextcloud.restartTriggers = [ cfg.package ];
+        phpfpm-nextcloud.restartTriggers = [ webroot ];
 
         nextcloud-setup = let
           c = cfg.config;
-          writePhpArray = a: "[${concatMapStringsSep "," (val: ''"${toString val}"'') a}]";
           requiresReadSecretFunction = c.dbpassFile != null || c.objectstore.s3.enable;
           objectstoreConfig = let s3 = c.objectstore.s3; in optionalString s3.enable ''
             'objectstore' => [
@@ -800,6 +847,10 @@ in {
 
           nextcloudGreaterOrEqualThan = req: versionAtLeast cfg.package.version req;
 
+          mkAppStoreConfig = name: { enabled, writable, ... }: optionalString enabled ''
+            [ 'path' => '${webroot}/${name}', 'url' => '/${name}', 'writable' => ${boolToString writable} ],
+          '';
+
           overrideConfig = pkgs.writeText "nextcloud-config.php" ''
             <?php
             ${optionalString requiresReadSecretFunction ''
@@ -828,20 +879,12 @@ in {
             }
             $CONFIG = [
               'apps_paths' => [
-                ${optionalString (cfg.extraApps != { }) "[ 'path' => '${cfg.home}/nix-apps', 'url' => '/nix-apps', 'writable' => false ],"}
-                [ 'path' => '${cfg.home}/apps', 'url' => '/apps', 'writable' => false ],
-                [ 'path' => '${cfg.home}/store-apps', 'url' => '/store-apps', 'writable' => true ],
+                ${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList mkAppStoreConfig appStores)}
               ],
               ${optionalString (showAppStoreSetting) "'appstoreenabled' => ${renderedAppStoreSetting},"}
-              'datadirectory' => '${datadir}/data',
-              'skeletondirectory' => '${cfg.skeletonDirectory}',
               ${optionalString cfg.caching.apcu "'memcache.local' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\APCu',"}
-              'log_type' => '${cfg.logType}',
-              'loglevel' => '${builtins.toString cfg.logLevel}',
-              ${optionalString (c.overwriteProtocol != null) "'overwriteprotocol' => '${c.overwriteProtocol}',"}
               ${optionalString (c.dbname != null) "'dbname' => '${c.dbname}',"}
               ${optionalString (c.dbhost != null) "'dbhost' => '${c.dbhost}',"}
-              ${optionalString (c.dbport != null) "'dbport' => '${toString c.dbport}',"}
               ${optionalString (c.dbuser != null) "'dbuser' => '${c.dbuser}',"}
               ${optionalString (c.dbtableprefix != null) "'dbtableprefix' => '${toString c.dbtableprefix}',"}
               ${optionalString (c.dbpassFile != null) ''
@@ -851,10 +894,6 @@ in {
                 ''
               }
               'dbtype' => '${c.dbtype}',
-              'trusted_domains' => ${writePhpArray ([ cfg.hostName ] ++ c.extraTrustedDomains)},
-              'trusted_proxies' => ${writePhpArray (c.trustedProxies)},
-              ${optionalString (c.defaultPhoneRegion != null) "'default_phone_region' => '${c.defaultPhoneRegion}',"}
-              ${optionalString (nextcloudGreaterOrEqualThan "23") "'profile.enabled' => ${boolToString cfg.globalProfiles},"}
               ${objectstoreConfig}
             ];
 
@@ -890,7 +929,6 @@ in {
               # will be omitted.
               ${if c.dbname != null then "--database-name" else null} = ''"${c.dbname}"'';
               ${if c.dbhost != null then "--database-host" else null} = ''"${c.dbhost}"'';
-              ${if c.dbport != null then "--database-port" else null} = ''"${toString c.dbport}"'';
               ${if c.dbuser != null then "--database-user" else null} = ''"${c.dbuser}"'';
               "--database-pass" = "\"\$${dbpass.arg}\"";
               "--admin-user" = ''"${c.adminuser}"'';
@@ -907,7 +945,7 @@ in {
             (i: v: ''
               ${occ}/bin/nextcloud-occ config:system:set trusted_domains \
                 ${toString i} --value="${toString v}"
-            '') ([ cfg.hostName ] ++ cfg.config.extraTrustedDomains));
+            '') ([ cfg.hostName ] ++ cfg.extraOptions.trusted_domains));
 
         in {
           wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
@@ -935,17 +973,16 @@ in {
               exit 1
             fi
 
-            ln -sf ${cfg.package}/apps ${cfg.home}/
-
-            # Install extra apps
-            ln -sfT \
-              ${pkgs.linkFarm "nix-apps"
-                (mapAttrsToList (name: path: { inherit name path; }) cfg.extraApps)} \
-              ${cfg.home}/nix-apps
+            ${concatMapStrings (name: ''
+              if [ -d "${cfg.home}"/${name} ]; then
+                echo "Cleaning up ${name}; these are now bundled in the webroot store-path!"
+                rm -r "${cfg.home}"/${name}
+              fi
+            '') [ "nix-apps" "apps" ]}
 
             # create nextcloud directories.
             # if the directories exist already with wrong permissions, we fix that
-            for dir in ${datadir}/config ${datadir}/data ${cfg.home}/store-apps ${cfg.home}/nix-apps; do
+            for dir in ${datadir}/config ${datadir}/data ${cfg.home}/store-apps; do
               if [ ! -e $dir ]; then
                 install -o nextcloud -g nextcloud -d $dir
               elif [ $(stat -c "%G" $dir) != "nextcloud" ]; then
@@ -982,7 +1019,7 @@ in {
           environment.NEXTCLOUD_CONFIG_DIR = "${datadir}/config";
           serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
           serviceConfig.User = "nextcloud";
-          serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${phpPackage}/bin/php -f ${cfg.package}/cron.php";
+          serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${phpPackage}/bin/php -f ${webroot}/cron.php";
         };
         nextcloud-update-plugins = mkIf cfg.autoUpdateApps.enable {
           after = [ "nextcloud-setup.service" ];
@@ -1043,22 +1080,25 @@ in {
         user = "nextcloud";
       };
 
-      services.nextcloud = lib.mkIf cfg.configureRedis {
-        caching.redis = true;
-        extraOptions = {
+      services.nextcloud = {
+        caching.redis = lib.mkIf cfg.configureRedis true;
+        extraOptions = mkMerge [({
+          datadirectory = lib.mkDefault "${datadir}/data";
+          trusted_domains = [ cfg.hostName ];
+        }) (lib.mkIf cfg.configureRedis {
           "memcache.distributed" = ''\OC\Memcache\Redis'';
           "memcache.locking" = ''\OC\Memcache\Redis'';
           redis = {
             host = config.services.redis.servers.nextcloud.unixSocket;
             port = 0;
           };
-        };
+        })];
       };
 
       services.nginx.enable = mkDefault true;
 
       services.nginx.virtualHosts.${cfg.hostName} = {
-        root = cfg.package;
+        root = webroot;
         locations = {
           "= /robots.txt" = {
             priority = 100;
@@ -1075,14 +1115,6 @@ in {
               }
             '';
           };
-          "~ ^/store-apps" = {
-            priority = 201;
-            extraConfig = "root ${cfg.home};";
-          };
-          "~ ^/nix-apps" = {
-            priority = 201;
-            extraConfig = "root ${cfg.home};";
-          };
           "^~ /.well-known" = {
             priority = 210;
             extraConfig = ''
@@ -1131,7 +1163,7 @@ in {
               fastcgi_read_timeout ${builtins.toString cfg.fastcgiTimeout}s;
             '';
           };
-          "~ \\.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|jpeg|ico|wasm|tflite|map|html|ttf|bcmap|mp4|webm)$".extraConfig = ''
+          "~ \\.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|jpeg|ico|wasm|tflite|map|html|ttf|bcmap|mp4|webm|ogg|flac)$".extraConfig = ''
             try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
             expires 6M;
             access_log off;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
index 6ea24e65f220..1285c2bbb916 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix
@@ -352,10 +352,11 @@ let
 
         # The acme-challenge location doesn't need to be added if we are not using any automated
         # certificate provisioning and can also be omitted when we use a certificate obtained via a DNS-01 challenge
-        acmeLocation = optionalString (vhost.enableACME || (vhost.useACMEHost != null && config.security.acme.certs.${vhost.useACMEHost}.dnsProvider == null)) ''
+        acmeLocation = optionalString (vhost.enableACME || (vhost.useACMEHost != null && config.security.acme.certs.${vhost.useACMEHost}.dnsProvider == null))
           # Rule for legitimate ACME Challenge requests (like /.well-known/acme-challenge/xxxxxxxxx)
           # We use ^~ here, so that we don't check any regexes (which could
           # otherwise easily override this intended match accidentally).
+        ''
           location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
             ${optionalString (vhost.acmeFallbackHost != null) "try_files $uri @acme-fallback;"}
             ${optionalString (vhost.acmeRoot != null) "root ${vhost.acmeRoot};"}
@@ -375,10 +376,11 @@ let
             ${concatMapStringsSep "\n" listenString redirectListen}
 
             server_name ${vhost.serverName} ${concatStringsSep " " vhost.serverAliases};
-            ${acmeLocation}
+
             location / {
               return ${toString vhost.redirectCode} https://$host$request_uri;
             }
+            ${acmeLocation}
           }
         ''}
 
@@ -392,13 +394,6 @@ let
             http3 ${if vhost.http3 then "on" else "off"};
             http3_hq ${if vhost.http3_hq then "on" else "off"};
           ''}
-          ${acmeLocation}
-          ${optionalString (vhost.root != null) "root ${vhost.root};"}
-          ${optionalString (vhost.globalRedirect != null) ''
-            location / {
-              return ${toString vhost.redirectCode} http${optionalString hasSSL "s"}://${vhost.globalRedirect}$request_uri;
-            }
-          ''}
           ${optionalString hasSSL ''
             ssl_certificate ${vhost.sslCertificate};
             ssl_certificate_key ${vhost.sslCertificateKey};
@@ -421,6 +416,14 @@ let
 
           ${mkBasicAuth vhostName vhost}
 
+          ${optionalString (vhost.root != null) "root ${vhost.root};"}
+
+          ${optionalString (vhost.globalRedirect != null) ''
+            location / {
+              return ${toString vhost.redirectCode} http${optionalString hasSSL "s"}://${vhost.globalRedirect}$request_uri;
+            }
+          ''}
+          ${acmeLocation}
           ${mkLocations vhost.locations}
 
           ${vhost.extraConfig}
@@ -649,6 +652,8 @@ in
           Nginx package to use. This defaults to the stable version. Note
           that the nginx team recommends to use the mainline version which
           available in nixpkgs as `nginxMainline`.
+          Supported Nginx forks include `angie`, `openresty` and `tengine`.
+          For HTTP/3 support use `nginxQuic` or `angieQuic`.
         '';
       };
 
@@ -1128,14 +1133,6 @@ in
       }
 
       {
-        assertion = any (host: host.kTLS) (attrValues virtualHosts) -> versionAtLeast cfg.package.version "1.21.4";
-        message = ''
-          services.nginx.virtualHosts.<name>.kTLS requires nginx version
-          1.21.4 or above; see the documentation for services.nginx.package.
-        '';
-      }
-
-      {
         assertion = all (host: !(host.enableACME && host.useACMEHost != null)) (attrValues virtualHosts);
         message = ''
           Options services.nginx.service.virtualHosts.<name>.enableACME and
@@ -1144,18 +1141,20 @@ in
       }
 
       {
-        assertion = cfg.package.pname != "nginxQuic" -> !(cfg.enableQuicBPF);
+        assertion = cfg.package.pname != "nginxQuic" && cfg.package.pname != "angieQuic" -> !(cfg.enableQuicBPF);
         message = ''
           services.nginx.enableQuicBPF requires using nginxQuic package,
-          which can be achieved by setting `services.nginx.package = pkgs.nginxQuic;`.
+          which can be achieved by setting `services.nginx.package = pkgs.nginxQuic;` or
+          `services.nginx.package = pkgs.angieQuic;`.
         '';
       }
 
       {
-        assertion = cfg.package.pname != "nginxQuic" -> all (host: !host.quic) (attrValues virtualHosts);
+        assertion = cfg.package.pname != "nginxQuic" && cfg.package.pname != "angieQuic" -> all (host: !host.quic) (attrValues virtualHosts);
         message = ''
-          services.nginx.service.virtualHosts.<name>.quic requires using nginxQuic package,
-          which can be achieved by setting `services.nginx.package = pkgs.nginxQuic;`.
+          services.nginx.service.virtualHosts.<name>.quic requires using nginxQuic or angie packages,
+          which can be achieved by setting `services.nginx.package = pkgs.nginxQuic;` or
+          `services.nginx.package = pkgs.angieQuic;`.
         '';
       }
 
@@ -1341,6 +1340,8 @@ in
       nginx.gid = config.ids.gids.nginx;
     };
 
+    boot.kernelModules = optional (versionAtLeast config.boot.kernelPackages.kernel.version "4.17") "tls";
+
     # do not delete the default temp directories created upon nginx startup
     systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
       "X /tmp/systemd-private-%b-nginx.service-*/tmp/nginx_*"
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/cinnamon.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/cinnamon.nix
index e9cadf219468..f5a6c05865c4 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/cinnamon.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/cinnamon.nix
@@ -79,20 +79,19 @@ in
           package = mkDefault pkgs.cinnamon.mint-cursor-themes;
         };
       };
-      services.xserver.displayManager.sessionCommands = ''
-        if test "$XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP" = "Cinnamon"; then
-            true
-            ${concatMapStrings (p: ''
-              if [ -d "${p}/share/gsettings-schemas/${p.name}" ]; then
-                export XDG_DATA_DIRS=$XDG_DATA_DIRS''${XDG_DATA_DIRS:+:}${p}/share/gsettings-schemas/${p.name}
-              fi
-
-              if [ -d "${p}/lib/girepository-1.0" ]; then
-                export GI_TYPELIB_PATH=$GI_TYPELIB_PATH''${GI_TYPELIB_PATH:+:}${p}/lib/girepository-1.0
-                export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH''${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:}${p}/lib
-              fi
-            '') cfg.sessionPath}
-        fi
+
+      # Have to take care of GDM + Cinnamon on Wayland users
+      environment.extraInit = ''
+        ${concatMapStrings (p: ''
+          if [ -d "${p}/share/gsettings-schemas/${p.name}" ]; then
+            export XDG_DATA_DIRS=$XDG_DATA_DIRS''${XDG_DATA_DIRS:+:}${p}/share/gsettings-schemas/${p.name}
+          fi
+
+          if [ -d "${p}/lib/girepository-1.0" ]; then
+            export GI_TYPELIB_PATH=$GI_TYPELIB_PATH''${GI_TYPELIB_PATH:+:}${p}/lib/girepository-1.0
+            export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH''${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:}${p}/lib
+          fi
+        '') cfg.sessionPath}
       '';
 
       # Default services
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix
index 6ca7a4425f89..0576619cc8d2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/sddm.nix
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ let
   cfg = dmcfg.sddm;
   xEnv = config.systemd.services.display-manager.environment;
 
-  sddm = pkgs.libsForQt5.sddm;
+  sddm = cfg.package;
 
   iniFmt = pkgs.formats.ini { };
 
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ in
         '';
       };
 
+      package = mkPackageOption pkgs [ "plasma5Packages" "sddm" ] {};
+
       enableHidpi = mkOption {
         type = types.bool;
         default = true;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix b/nixos/modules/services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix
index d2a5b5895e0a..0ea21eb1dce3 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ let cfg = config.services.xserver.libinput;
         default = true;
         description =
           lib.mdDoc ''
-            Disables horizontal scrolling. When disabled, this driver will discard any horizontal scroll
-            events from libinput. Note that this does not disable horizontal scrolling, it merely
-            discards the horizontal axis from any scroll events.
+            Enables or disables horizontal scrolling. When disabled, this driver will discard any
+            horizontal scroll events from libinput. This does not disable horizontal scroll events
+            from libinput; it merely discards the horizontal axis from any scroll events.
           '';
       };
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/activation/bootspec.nix b/nixos/modules/system/activation/bootspec.nix
index 98c234bc340d..2ed6964b2a6a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/activation/bootspec.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/activation/bootspec.nix
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 let
   cfg = config.boot.bootspec;
   children = lib.mapAttrs (childName: childConfig: childConfig.configuration.system.build.toplevel) config.specialisation;
+  hasAtLeastOneInitrdSecret = lib.length (lib.attrNames config.boot.initrd.secrets) > 0;
   schemas = {
     v1 = rec {
       filename = "boot.json";
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ let
               label = "${config.system.nixos.distroName} ${config.system.nixos.codeName} ${config.system.nixos.label} (Linux ${config.boot.kernelPackages.kernel.modDirVersion})";
             } // lib.optionalAttrs config.boot.initrd.enable {
               initrd = "${config.system.build.initialRamdisk}/${config.system.boot.loader.initrdFile}";
+            } // lib.optionalAttrs hasAtLeastOneInitrdSecret {
               initrdSecrets = "${config.system.build.initialRamdiskSecretAppender}/bin/append-initrd-secrets";
             };
           }));
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix
index d16152ab9dec..08e3dce70844 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/binfmt.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
-  inherit (lib) mkOption mkDefault types optionalString stringAfter;
+  inherit (lib) mkOption mkDefault types optionalString;
 
   cfg = config.boot.binfmt;
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/grow-partition.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/grow-partition.nix
index 897602f9826a..8a0fc3a03dac 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/grow-partition.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/grow-partition.nix
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ with lib;
     systemd.services.growpart = {
       wantedBy = [ "-.mount" ];
       after = [ "-.mount" ];
-      before = [ "systemd-growfs-root.service" ];
+      before = [ "systemd-growfs-root.service" "shutdown.target" ];
       conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
       serviceConfig = {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix
index a8cd2e8f05fc..61e61f32bc5e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix
@@ -243,8 +243,10 @@ in
 
       services.sshd = {
         description = "SSH Daemon";
-        wantedBy = ["initrd.target"];
-        after = ["network.target" "initrd-nixos-copy-secrets.service"];
+        wantedBy = [ "initrd.target" ];
+        after = [ "network.target" "initrd-nixos-copy-secrets.service" ];
+        before = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+        conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
 
         # Keys from Nix store are world-readable, which sshd doesn't
         # like. If this were a real nix store and not the initrd, we
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/grub.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/grub.nix
index 7097e1d83dca..0556c875241a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/grub.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/grub.nix
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ let
     # Package set of targeted architecture
     if cfg.forcei686 then pkgs.pkgsi686Linux else pkgs;
 
-  realGrub = if cfg.zfsSupport then grubPkgs.grub2.override { zfsSupport = true; }
+  realGrub = if cfg.zfsSupport then grubPkgs.grub2.override { zfsSupport = true; zfs = cfg.zfsPackage; }
     else grubPkgs.grub2;
 
   grub =
@@ -614,6 +614,16 @@ in
         '';
       };
 
+      zfsPackage = mkOption {
+        type = types.package;
+        internal = true;
+        default = pkgs.zfs;
+        defaultText = literalExpression "pkgs.zfs";
+        description = lib.mdDoc ''
+          Which ZFS package to use if `config.boot.loader.grub.zfsSupport` is true.
+        '';
+      };
+
       efiSupport = mkOption {
         default = false;
         type = types.bool;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/systemd-boot/systemd-boot-builder.py b/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/systemd-boot/systemd-boot-builder.py
index e2e7ffe59dcd..6cd46f30373b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/systemd-boot/systemd-boot-builder.py
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/systemd-boot/systemd-boot-builder.py
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 class BootSpec:
     init: str
     initrd: str
-    initrdSecrets: str
     kernel: str
     kernelParams: List[str]
     label: str
     system: str
     toplevel: str
     specialisations: Dict[str, "BootSpec"]
+    initrdSecrets: str | None = None
 
 
 
@@ -131,9 +131,8 @@ def write_entry(profile: str | None, generation: int, specialisation: str | None
         specialisation=" (%s)" % specialisation if specialisation else "")
 
     try:
-        subprocess.check_call([bootspec.initrdSecrets, "@efiSysMountPoint@%s" % (initrd)])
-    except FileNotFoundError:
-        pass
+        if bootspec.initrdSecrets is not None:
+            subprocess.check_call([bootspec.initrdSecrets, "@efiSysMountPoint@%s" % (initrd)])
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         if current:
             print("failed to create initrd secrets!", file=sys.stderr)
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix
index 3e10770812db..f236a4c005ad 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/networkd.nix
@@ -597,6 +597,8 @@ let
           "DHCP"
           "DHCPServer"
           "LinkLocalAddressing"
+          "IPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode"
+          "IPv6StableSecretAddress"
           "IPv4LLRoute"
           "DefaultRouteOnDevice"
           "LLMNR"
@@ -648,6 +650,7 @@ let
         (assertValueOneOf "DHCP" ["yes" "no" "ipv4" "ipv6"])
         (assertValueOneOf "DHCPServer" boolValues)
         (assertValueOneOf "LinkLocalAddressing" ["yes" "no" "ipv4" "ipv6" "fallback" "ipv4-fallback"])
+        (assertValueOneOf "IPv6LinkLocalAddressGenerationMode" ["eui64" "none" "stable-privacy" "random"])
         (assertValueOneOf "IPv4LLRoute" boolValues)
         (assertValueOneOf "DefaultRouteOnDevice" boolValues)
         (assertValueOneOf "LLMNR" (boolValues ++ ["resolve"]))
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/resolved.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/resolved.nix
index b898a6317962..538f71cc0b9a 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/resolved.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/resolved.nix
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ in
     };
 
     services.resolved.fallbackDns = mkOption {
-      default = [ ];
+      default = null;
       example = [ "8.8.8.8" "2001:4860:4860::8844" ];
-      type = types.listOf types.str;
+      type = types.nullOr (types.listOf types.str);
       description = lib.mdDoc ''
         A list of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to use as the fallback DNS servers.
-        If this option is empty, a compiled-in list of DNS servers is used instead.
+        If this option is null, a compiled-in list of DNS servers is used instead.
+        Setting this option to an empty list will override the built-in list to an empty list, disabling fallback.
       '';
     };
 
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ in
         [Resolve]
         ${optionalString (config.networking.nameservers != [])
           "DNS=${concatStringsSep " " config.networking.nameservers}"}
-        ${optionalString (cfg.fallbackDns != [])
+        ${optionalString (cfg.fallbackDns != null)
           "FallbackDNS=${concatStringsSep " " cfg.fallbackDns}"}
         ${optionalString (cfg.domains != [])
           "Domains=${concatStringsSep " " cfg.domains}"}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd-secrets.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd-secrets.nix
index 7b59c0cbe7b8..d375238aa146 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd-secrets.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd-secrets.nix
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
       description = "Copy secrets into place";
       # Run as early as possible
       wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
-      before = [ "cryptsetup-pre.target" ];
+      before = [ "cryptsetup-pre.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
 
       # We write the secrets to /.initrd-secrets and move them because this allows
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
index d7e8a67c4bc9..4ae07944afc3 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
@@ -396,8 +396,7 @@ in {
           ManagerEnvironment=${lib.concatStringsSep " " (lib.mapAttrsToList (n: v: "${n}=${lib.escapeShellArg v}") cfg.managerEnvironment)}
         '';
 
-        "/lib/modules".source = "${modulesClosure}/lib/modules";
-        "/lib/firmware".source = "${modulesClosure}/lib/firmware";
+        "/lib".source = "${modulesClosure}/lib";
 
         "/etc/modules-load.d/nixos.conf".text = concatStringsSep "\n" config.boot.initrd.kernelModules;
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/oomd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/oomd.nix
index fad755e278c7..000b18c01609 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/oomd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/oomd.nix
@@ -3,14 +3,18 @@
   cfg = config.systemd.oomd;
 
 in {
+  imports = [
+    (lib.mkRenamedOptionModule [ "systemd" "oomd" "enableUserServices" ] [ "systemd" "oomd" "enableUserSlices" ])
+  ];
+
   options.systemd.oomd = {
     enable = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "the `systemd-oomd` OOM killer") // { default = true; };
 
     # Fedora enables the first and third option by default. See the 10-oomd-* files here:
-    # https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/systemd/tree/acb90c49c42276b06375a66c73673ac351025597
+    # https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/systemd/tree/806c95e1c70af18f81d499b24cd7acfa4c36ffd6
     enableRootSlice = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "oomd on the root slice (`-.slice`)");
     enableSystemSlice = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "oomd on the system slice (`system.slice`)");
-    enableUserServices = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "oomd on all user services (`user@.service`)");
+    enableUserSlices = lib.mkEnableOption (lib.mdDoc "oomd on all user slices (`user@.slice`) and all user owned slices");
 
     extraConfig = lib.mkOption {
       type = with lib.types; attrsOf (oneOf [ str int bool ]);
@@ -44,14 +48,24 @@ in {
     users.groups.systemd-oom = { };
 
     systemd.slices."-".sliceConfig = lib.mkIf cfg.enableRootSlice {
-      ManagedOOMSwap = "kill";
+      ManagedOOMMemoryPressure = "kill";
+      ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimit = "80%";
     };
     systemd.slices."system".sliceConfig = lib.mkIf cfg.enableSystemSlice {
-      ManagedOOMSwap = "kill";
+      ManagedOOMMemoryPressure = "kill";
+      ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimit = "80%";
     };
-    systemd.services."user@".serviceConfig = lib.mkIf cfg.enableUserServices {
+    systemd.slices."user-".sliceConfig = lib.mkIf cfg.enableUserSlices {
       ManagedOOMMemoryPressure = "kill";
-      ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimit = "50%";
+      ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimit = "80%";
+    };
+    systemd.user.units."slice" = lib.mkIf cfg.enableUserSlices {
+      text = ''
+        [Slice]
+        ManagedOOMMemoryPressure=kill
+        ManagedOOMMemoryPressureLimit=80%
+      '';
+      overrideStrategy = "asDropin";
     };
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix
index 91e30aa4c0af..1378a0090c1d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix
@@ -406,7 +406,8 @@ in
             ConditionVirtualization = "!container";
             DefaultDependencies = false; # needed to prevent a cycle
           };
-          before = [ "systemd-pstore.service" ];
+          before = [ "systemd-pstore.service" "shutdown.target" ];
+          conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
           wantedBy = [ "systemd-pstore.service" ];
         };
       };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/bcachefs.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/bcachefs.nix
index 639ff87841b6..fdb149a3d9a1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/bcachefs.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/bcachefs.nix
@@ -78,9 +78,10 @@ let
     value = {
       description = "Unlock bcachefs for ${fs.mountPoint}";
       requiredBy = [ mountUnit ];
-      before = [ mountUnit ];
-      bindsTo = [ deviceUnit ];
       after = [ deviceUnit ];
+      before = [ mountUnit "shutdown.target" ];
+      bindsTo = [ deviceUnit ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "oneshot";
@@ -122,15 +123,8 @@ in
       inherit assertions;
       # needed for systemd-remount-fs
       system.fsPackages = [ pkgs.bcachefs-tools ];
-
-      # FIXME: Replace this with `linuxPackages_testing` after NixOS 23.11 is released
-      # FIXME: Replace this with `linuxPackages_latest` when 6.7 is released, remove this line when the LTS version is at least 6.7
-      boot.kernelPackages = lib.mkDefault (
-        # FIXME: Remove warning after NixOS 23.11 is released
-        lib.warn "Please upgrade to Linux 6.7-rc1 or later: 'linuxPackages_testing_bcachefs' is deprecated. Use 'boot.kernelPackages = pkgs.linuxPackages_testing;' to silence this warning"
-        pkgs.linuxPackages_testing_bcachefs
-      );
-
+      # FIXME: Remove this line when the default kernel has bcachefs
+      boot.kernelPackages = lib.mkDefault pkgs.linuxPackages_latest;
       systemd.services = lib.mapAttrs' (mkUnits "") (lib.filterAttrs (n: fs: (fs.fsType == "bcachefs") && (!utils.fsNeededForBoot fs)) config.fileSystems);
     }
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/zfs.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/zfs.nix
index fc9420fb8d28..b38f228fc160 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/zfs.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/zfs.nix
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ let
         "systemd-ask-password-console.service"
       ] ++ optional (config.boot.initrd.clevis.useTang) "network-online.target";
       requiredBy = getPoolMounts prefix pool ++ [ "zfs-import.target" ];
-      before = getPoolMounts prefix pool ++ [ "zfs-import.target" ];
+      before = getPoolMounts prefix pool ++ [ "shutdown.target" "zfs-import.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       unitConfig = {
         DefaultDependencies = "no";
       };
@@ -666,6 +667,7 @@ in
       # TODO FIXME See https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/99386#issuecomment-798813567. To not break people's bootloader and as probably not everybody would read release notes that thoroughly add inSystem.
       boot.loader.grub = mkIf (inInitrd || inSystem) {
         zfsSupport = true;
+        zfsPackage = cfgZfs.package;
       };
 
       services.zfs.zed.settings = {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix
index 53ffaa028038..2b2d24a64cb2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/network-interfaces.nix
@@ -1410,9 +1410,11 @@ in
 
     systemd.services.domainname = lib.mkIf (cfg.domain != null) {
       wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
-      before = [ "sysinit.target" ];
+      before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
       unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
       serviceConfig.ExecStart = ''${pkgs.nettools}/bin/domainname "${cfg.domain}"'';
+      serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
     };
 
     environment.etc.hostid = mkIf (cfg.hostId != null) { source = hostidFile; };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/trackpoint.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/trackpoint.nix
index d197a0feb337..317613b84792 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/trackpoint.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/trackpoint.nix
@@ -80,10 +80,17 @@ with lib;
         ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTR{name}=="${cfg.device}", ATTR{device/speed}="${toString cfg.speed}", ATTR{device/sensitivity}="${toString cfg.sensitivity}"
       '';
 
-      system.activationScripts.trackpoint =
-        ''
-          ${config.systemd.package}/bin/udevadm trigger --attr-match=name="${cfg.device}"
+      systemd.services.trackpoint = {
+        wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ] ;
+        before = [ "sysinit.target" "shutdown.target" ];
+        conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+        unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
+        serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+        serviceConfig.RemainAfterExit = true;
+        serviceConfig.ExecStart = ''
+          ${config.systemd.package}/bin/udevadm trigger --attr-match=name="${cfg.device}
         '';
+      };
     })
 
     (mkIf (cfg.emulateWheel) {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/azure-agent.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/azure-agent.nix
index e712fac17a46..ac4cd752615d 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/azure-agent.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/azure-agent.nix
@@ -202,6 +202,13 @@ in
 
     services.udev.packages = [ pkgs.waagent ];
 
+    # Provide waagent-shipped udev rules in initrd too.
+    boot.initrd.services.udev.packages = [ pkgs.waagent ];
+    # udev rules shell out to chmod, cut and readlink, which are all
+    # provided by pkgs.coreutils, which is in services.udev.path, but not
+    # boot.initrd.services.udev.binPackages.
+    boot.initrd.services.udev.binPackages = [ pkgs.coreutils ];
+
     networking.dhcpcd.persistent = true;
 
     services.logrotate = {
@@ -245,6 +252,27 @@ in
         pkgs.e2fsprogs
         pkgs.bash
 
+        pkgs.findutils
+        pkgs.gnugrep
+        pkgs.gnused
+        pkgs.iproute2
+        pkgs.iptables
+
+        # for hostname
+        pkgs.nettools
+
+        pkgs.openssh
+        pkgs.openssl
+        pkgs.parted
+
+        # for pidof
+        pkgs.procps
+
+        # for useradd, usermod
+        pkgs.shadow
+
+        pkgs.util-linux # for (u)mount, fdisk, sfdisk, mkswap
+
         # waagent's Microsoft.OSTCExtensions.VMAccessForLinux needs Python 3
         pkgs.python39
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-agent.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-agent.nix
index 59dd46b74b40..8a2a1530eeb7 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-agent.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/lxd-agent.nix
@@ -58,18 +58,28 @@ in {
     systemd.services.lxd-agent = {
       enable = true;
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      path = [ pkgs.kmod pkgs.util-linux ];
+      before = [ "shutdown.target" ] ++ lib.optionals config.services.cloud-init.enable [
+        "cloud-init.target" "cloud-init.service" "cloud-init-local.service"
+      ];
+      conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+      path = [
+        pkgs.kmod
+        pkgs.util-linux
+
+        # allow `incus exec` to find system binaries
+        "/run/current-system/sw"
+      ];
 
       preStart = preStartScript;
 
       # avoid killing nixos-rebuild switch when executed through lxc exec
+      restartIfChanged = false;
       stopIfChanged = false;
 
       unitConfig = {
         Description = "LXD - agent";
         Documentation = "https://documentation.ubuntu.com/lxd/en/latest";
         ConditionPathExists = "/dev/virtio-ports/org.linuxcontainers.lxd";
-        Before = lib.optionals config.services.cloud-init.enable [ "cloud-init.target" "cloud-init.service" "cloud-init-local.service" ];
         DefaultDependencies = "no";
         StartLimitInterval = "60";
         StartLimitBurst = "10";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix
index d92fd48a6103..3d7f3ccb62f8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix
@@ -1256,6 +1256,8 @@ in
         unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = "/sysroot/nix/.ro-store";
       }];
       services.rw-store = {
+        before = [ "shutdown.target" ];
+        conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
         unitConfig = {
           DefaultDependencies = false;
           RequiresMountsFor = "/sysroot/nix/.rw-store";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/vmware-host.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/vmware-host.nix
index 1eaa896fe096..094114623a42 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/vmware-host.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/vmware-host.nix
@@ -85,34 +85,43 @@ in
       };
     };
 
-    ###### wrappers activation script
+    # Services
 
-    system.activationScripts.vmwareWrappers =
-      lib.stringAfter [ "specialfs" "users" ]
-        ''
-          mkdir -p "${parentWrapperDir}"
-          chmod 755 "${parentWrapperDir}"
-          # We want to place the tmpdirs for the wrappers to the parent dir.
-          wrapperDir=$(mktemp --directory --tmpdir="${parentWrapperDir}" wrappers.XXXXXXXXXX)
-          chmod a+rx "$wrapperDir"
-          ${lib.concatStringsSep "\n" (vmwareWrappers)}
-          if [ -L ${wrapperDir} ]; then
-            # Atomically replace the symlink
-            # See https://axialcorps.com/2013/07/03/atomically-replacing-files-and-directories/
-            old=$(readlink -f ${wrapperDir})
-            if [ -e "${wrapperDir}-tmp" ]; then
-              rm --force --recursive "${wrapperDir}-tmp"
-            fi
-            ln --symbolic --force --no-dereference "$wrapperDir" "${wrapperDir}-tmp"
-            mv --no-target-directory "${wrapperDir}-tmp" "${wrapperDir}"
-            rm --force --recursive "$old"
-          else
-            # For initial setup
-            ln --symbolic "$wrapperDir" "${wrapperDir}"
+    systemd.services."vmware-wrappers" = {
+      description = "Create VMVare Wrappers";
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      before = [
+        "vmware-authdlauncher.service"
+        "vmware-networks-configuration.service"
+        "vmware-networks.service"
+        "vmware-usbarbitrator.service"
+      ];
+      after = [ "systemd-sysusers.service" ];
+      serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+      serviceConfig.RemainAfterExit = true;
+      script = ''
+        mkdir -p "${parentWrapperDir}"
+        chmod 755 "${parentWrapperDir}"
+        # We want to place the tmpdirs for the wrappers to the parent dir.
+        wrapperDir=$(mktemp --directory --tmpdir="${parentWrapperDir}" wrappers.XXXXXXXXXX)
+        chmod a+rx "$wrapperDir"
+        ${lib.concatStringsSep "\n" (vmwareWrappers)}
+        if [ -L ${wrapperDir} ]; then
+          # Atomically replace the symlink
+          # See https://axialcorps.com/2013/07/03/atomically-replacing-files-and-directories/
+          old=$(readlink -f ${wrapperDir})
+          if [ -e "${wrapperDir}-tmp" ]; then
+            rm --force --recursive "${wrapperDir}-tmp"
           fi
-        '';
-
-    # Services
+          ln --symbolic --force --no-dereference "$wrapperDir" "${wrapperDir}-tmp"
+          mv --no-target-directory "${wrapperDir}-tmp" "${wrapperDir}"
+          rm --force --recursive "$old"
+        else
+          # For initial setup
+          ln --symbolic "$wrapperDir" "${wrapperDir}"
+        fi
+      '';
+    };
 
     systemd.services."vmware-authdlauncher" = {
       description = "VMware Authentication Daemon";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/waydroid.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/waydroid.nix
index b0e85b685083..1f466c780cf2 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/waydroid.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/waydroid.nix
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ in
     system.requiredKernelConfig = [
       (kCfg.isEnabled "ANDROID_BINDER_IPC")
       (kCfg.isEnabled "ANDROID_BINDERFS")
-      (kCfg.isEnabled "ASHMEM") # FIXME Needs memfd support instead on Linux 5.18 and waydroid 1.2.1
+      (kCfg.isEnabled "MEMFD_CREATE")
     ];
 
     /* NOTE: we always enable this flag even if CONFIG_PSI_DEFAULT_DISABLED is not on